Gregor Mendel - muvambi genetics

Mendel aiva mumongi uye zvinofadza zvikuru kuti kuitisa zvidzidzo masvomhu uye wefizikisi muchikoro vari pedyo. Asi akakundikana zvakaitika hurumende advertising nokuda chinzvimbo mudzidzisi. Abbot akaona nyota yake kuti ruzivo uye yakakwirira kwazvo noungwaru kugona. Akatuma naye University of Vienna kuti dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Ikoko Gregor Mendel adzidza kwemakore maviri. Akapinda makirasi sayenzi zvepanyama uye masvomhu. Izvi zvakamubatsira kuti zvimwe kuzoumba mitemo nhaka.

Kuoma zvedzidzo makore

Gregor Mendel aiva mwana wechipiri mumhuri vanhuwo zvavo vane midzi German uye necheSalvic. Muna 1840, mukomana akapedza makirasi okudzidza matanhatu chesekondari, uye gore rakatevera akapinda kirasi kwouzivi. Asi makore iwayo, ezvinhu ezvemari yemhuri hwaipa, uye Mendel-makore 16 aifanira kutarisira yavo zvokudya. Zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. Saka, pamusoro pokupedza kudzidziswa muchikoro kwouzivi akava ruzivo panguva wemamongi.

Nenzira, zita apiwa pakuzvarwa - Johann. Nechekare mu yemamongi ake pakuzivikanwa se Gregor. Zvaakaita pano hakusi pasina, sezvo aiva patronage uye kutsigirwa nemari, vakwanise kuramba dzidzo yavo. Muna 1847 akanga atanga kupinda upristi. Panguva iyi akadzidza paChikoro Theological School. Pano paiva mupfumi raibhurari, ine pesvedzero inobatsira pakudzidza.

The mumongi uye mudzidzisi

Gregor, akanga asingazivi kuti iye - remangwana akatanga genetics, aiitisa zvidzidzo kuchikoro uye pashure kukundikana advertising yakanga yunivhesiti. Pashure ake kudzidza Mendel akadzokera kuguta Brunn uye akaramba kudzidzisa dzinongoitika sayenzi wefizikisi. Akaedza zvakare kuti vanopupurirwa chinzvimbo mudzidzisi, asi kuedza wechipiri akanga akundikana.

Kuedza vane pizi

Sei Mendel anonzi muvambi genetics? Sezvo 1856 ari mubindu wemamongi akatanga kuitisa dzakawanda uye sebvudzi kuedza chokuita nokurima maberekero. On muenzaniso pizi rinoratidza mifananidzo nhaka siyana unhu vari vana remasanganiswa miti. Pashure pemakore manomwe kuedza apera. Uye vaviri makore, muna 1865, misangano Society of zvakasikwa Brunn, akaita mharidzo iri basa rinoitwa. Papera gore akabudisa nyaya yake pamusoro kwakaita chirimwa VaNefirimu. Zviri rutendo kwaari vakaisa genetics nheyo sezvo chirango yakazvimirira yesayenzi. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, Mendel - muvambi genetics.

Kana masayendisiti vamba aigona zvose unganai uye chimiro misimboti, Gregor akaita. Ndivo nemitemo kuongorora kwesayenzi zvakasikwa nokurondedzerwa VaNefirimu, uyewo vana vavo. unhu notation marongedzero zviratidzo yakazokudziridzwa uye rakaiswa. nheyo Mendel vaviri akagadzira, kuburikidza paunogona kuti zvakafanotaurwa pamusoro nhaka.

Papera pamutemo

Pasinei nyaya yake bhuku, basa akanga zvakanaka ongororo imwe chete. Zvakanaka vakaita mabasa musayendisiti German Mendel Naegeli, uyo akadzidza hybridization. Asi akava nechokwadi nezvokuti mitemo pachena chete pamusoro pizi, unogona kuva nokudenga. Iye akataura kuti Mendel, muvambi genetics, akadzokorora kuedza uye mune dzimwe yemiti. Gregor naro noruremekedzo akabvuma.

Akaedza kudzokorora kwakaita Hieracium, asi migumisiro havana kubudirira. Yakanga makore akawanda chete gare gare, zvakava pachena nei. Chokwadi raiva kuti chirimwa mbeu anobudiswa pasina kurara kubereka. Paiva nezvimwe kunze nhungamiro kuti akatungamirira muvambi genetics. Zvichitevera chinyorwa nyaya nokuda mukurumbira botanists, uyo akasimbisa tsvakurudzo Mendel, sezvo 1900, paiva kuziva basa rake. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina muna 1900 anonzi gore rokuberekwa sayenzi iyi.

All kuti Mendel yakawanikwa, abvume kuti mitemo inotsanangurwa naye achibatsirwa pizi, muri nokudenga. Zvakanga zvakakodzera chete kuti vabvume zvimwe masayendisiti. Asi basa iri sezvo zvakaoma, sezvo yesayenzi kuwanikwa. Uye zvose nokuti kuziva nokunzwisisa kwavo - zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. kuvhura zvaitika genetics, kureva, kwemakore 35 kunonoka pakati kuwanikwa pachake uye ake pachena kuziva - ichi hachisi gangaidzo. In sainzi, zvakajairika. A remakore pashure Mendel, kana genetics yatumbuka, zvinoitirwa yaakavingwa buri McClintock, vasina kuzivikanwa kwemakore 25.

nhaka

Muna 1868, musayendisiti, muvambi genetics, Mendel akava abbot pakati wemamongi. It waguma zvinenge zvakakwana kuita sayenzi. In ake manotsi uri zvakachengetedzwa wemitauro dzawanikwa, asi maberekero nyuchi, uyewo meteorology. Panguva nzvimbo wemamongi zvino dzimba mumwe miziyamu ainzi Gregor Mendel. Anonziwo pashure pake magazini chesayenzi inokosha.