Vaccination pamusoro meningococcal chirwere. Ko majekiseni zvakafanira?

Meningococcal chirwere - chirwere umo vachiwedzera mabhakitiriya anogona kukonzera chirwere chakakomba. Zvikurukuru, yomumuzongoza, sepsis, nasopharyngitis, mabayo, sinusitis kana meningococcemia.

yomumuzongoza

Yomumuzongoza - meningococcal chirwere, izvo zvinogona kuva kaviri: nesekondari. Muchiitiko chokutanga pathogenic utachiona kupinda muviri kuenda neherikoputa mumate. Achishandisa huro uye kuburikidza neropa-uropi chipingamupinyi - muuropi membranes. chirwere kwakadaro kungava purulent kana serous.

Kana serous yomumuzongoza ane kuunganidza lymphocytes ari cerebrospinal mvura. It kunokonzerwa utachiona kana mavhairasi, inonakidza tibhii. Kana purulent yomumuzongoza mu cerebrospinal mvura chinhu kuunganidza neutrophils. Izvi zvinoitika nokuda utachiona. Kumboda meningococcal A uye C. kusvika 40% nyaya kutanga pamusoro Haemophilus influenzae B. And 2 chete% kubva nemabayo.

In yomumuzongoza yechipiri kunokanganisa kufema turakiti, oropharynx, nzeve kana mate shwanu. Unogona kuona zviratidzo zvirwere zvakadai nemabayo kana enteric chirwere. Ipapo Mabhakitiriya kupinda napakati node uye ropa, kukonzera kuzvimba uropi. The chikonzero yechipiri yomumuzongoza staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli coli, Candida notumwe, nemavhairasi, salmonella, uye vamwe utachiona.

Pane idenda?

Splash pamusoro meningococcal chirwere yaiitwa Russia muna 1968. Nyaya kunge raiva kakawanda. Saka, zviri kukurumidza kubaya pamusoro meningococcal chirwere. Chaiva denda chairo. Asi nemhaka kubaya, zvishoma nezvishoma akasvika pasina. Zvino, chirwere hakuitiki kakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muna 2000, mazana ezviuru vokuRussia vaiva 8 utachiona.

Vana vava kubatwa nezvirwere ichi. Uye chikonzero iri kushaya kubaya. Asi nasopharyngitis angava akasiyana etiology, uye kusiyanisa dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kubva mumwe chirwere. Saka, mubvunzo kana majekiseni zvinodiwa yomumuzongoza, mhinduro ndihungu. Kudzivirira kuri nani pakutanga pane kwaari kwenguva refu yokuporesa.

Chii meningococcal chirwere?

The causative nomumiririri meningococcal chirwere - utachiona Neisseria meningitides. The chirwere munogona dzakawanda. Kakawanda muchimiro yomumuzongoza (kuzvimba muuropi membranes). Utachiona hwakakura (meningococcus Vekselbauma) ndiye giremu negative diplococcus. Haina capsules uye flagella, riri basa. Hazvina kuumba spores. The optimum tembiricha kuti kukura mabhakitiriya - 37 inegumi.

Apo meningococcal hosha dzakaonekwa?

Meningococcal chirwere kunoitika munyika yose. Asi chikuru kuitika - muCentral uye West Africa. MuRussia kakawanda rakamuka muhomwe duku chirwere. Naizvozvo, kubaya pamusoro meningococcal chirwere kunodiwa kuti chirwere haana kutora chimiro chekorera.

Matambudziko yomumuzongoza

The chirwere iwayo ngozi. Kana nguva asina nhomba pazvirwere, zvinogona kukonzera zvakakomba matambudziko. Kazhinji vari kuunzwa chinouraya mugumisiro. Kana nguva asingadi varape yomumuzongoza, izvozvo zvinogona kuremadza. Matambudziko achauya mhando dzakawanda:

• Chenjera chepfungwa, kureva, pfungwa edema, chepfungwa infarction, ventriculitis. Kunze pamusoro kazhinji simuka subdural effusion, occlusion uye rwakakwana excretion ADH syndrome.
• Chenjera extracerebral. Yomumuzongoza varwere vangapinda ezvinhu nehana. Anozviratidza chando uye Hemorrhagic syndromes, yomuropa, kupera muviri, arthritis, mabayo. Yomumuzongoza kunogona kukanganisa nemudumbu (maronda, gastritis).
• Late matambudziko. Izvi zvinosanganisira hydrocephalus, ataxia, kusanzwa, upofu, cystic-namira arachnoiditis. Matambudziko yomumuzongoza kunogona kukonzera atrophy pamusoro optic etsinga, pfungwa pute, dysfunction pamusoro Anterior pituitary. In mukupera yematambudziko kuonekwa chetsinga chirwere, kusvikira dementia. Dzimwe nguva pane chirwere cheshuga. Mugore azara - pakoma.

Ndezvipi yokudzivirira?

MuRussia, kuitira kudzivirira chirwere anowanzodanwa kushandiswa mhiri kwemakungwa mushonga pamusoro meningococcal chirwere "yomumuzongoza A + C." Domestic kana A uye C. The mushonga kuti rine W-135 Y, ukabatanidzwa chete mupilgrim kusiya mu Mecca. Ine meningococcal boka haina kushandiswa nevakawanda. Rine pasi immunogenicity uye ane vanoverengeka antigenic determinants kuti kukonzera marwadzo uye matambudziko.

Kuti tidzivise kuzvimba uropi vari nhomba pamusoro meningococcal chirwere. The zita angava akasiyana, nokuti mushonga haangasimbiswi mumwe, "Act-HIB," "Hiberiks", "Temp-Act-HIB," "Pentaxim" uye akawanda vamwe. Unogona kuwana navo vakasununguka huru, iri chero mumaguta kiriniki. Chokwadi, vamwe vari kutengeswa chete mari uye kunogona kuva kunodhura zvikuru.

Nokuti kudzivirirwa kubva pneumococcal yomumuzongoza mushonga «Pneumo-23" rinoshandiswa. Wakaitwa muFrance. Free yokudzivirira ndivo chete vana, wakaumbwa muboka pangozi. Vose achida - wobhadharwa. Izvi kusonanidzwa kunoderedza ngozi yacho chirwere kwete chete yomumuzongoza, asiwo zvimwe zvirwere (sepsis, mabayo, nezvimwewo D.).

Kana uye izvo majekiseni kuitei?

Yokudzivirira kuti anoshandiswa kazhinji ane polysaccharides. Vari raitongwa kuti vana 2 years. yokudzivirira kwakadaro kunogona kudzivirira mwana kwemakore 3 years. Asi kakawanda (anopfuura 50% nyaya), yomumuzongoza kuitika vana pasi pemakore maviri. Ivo Vaccinate ane simba masoja mhinduro. The mushonga pamusoro meningococcal boka A chinoshandiswa chete vana vakura kupfuura rimwe gore, boka C - chete kusvikira makore maviri. Kusonanidzwa zvinoitwa kamwe chete.

Pane imwe mushonga pamusoro yomumuzongoza dzevana?

On yokudzivirira nokuti vacheche basa riri kuenderera mberi. Kunyange kare zvakanaka yakasimbiswa kubaya serotype C. Nokuda ichi mushonga yomumuzongoza kuitika ipfupi ne 76%. Children pasi pamakore maviri - 90%. Basa zvino kuitwa pamusoro yokudzivirira zvabatanidzwa, izvo zvinofanira ane meningococcus serotype 4. Asati kubaya zvinokosha kubvunza chiremba wako. Regai kusarudza mushonga kuti mwana pachavo, pasina kubvunza nyanzvi.

Ndinofanira kuva nhomba pamusoro meningococcal chirwere?

Vaccination pamusoro meningococcal chirwere haisi chete kudzivirira, asi chiitiko dzakawanda. Kazhinji mushonga unoshandiswa "A + C" riri akapinda kana dambudziko ngozi. Ndibatanidzwe yose vakawanda, izvo anogara ngozi napedyo kuti ainyanya chirwere. Asi denda pachikumbaridzo chero nyika yako. Kana vanorwara kunova kupfuura imwe wakaiswa nhamba, ari kubaya kwevanhu kunokosha.

Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya vana. nguva kubaya iri basa ukuwo nekarenda chaiyo kubaya. Maererano naye, ivo vakaita vana pamusoro pezera, kuyaruka makore maviri uye vakuru vane kwamuka yaizotangira meningococcal noutachiona, izvo zviri kukonzerwa utachiona kubva serogroups A uye C.

Uyewo vaya panjodzi wokutapukirwa. Primary chikoro vadzidzi vaigara pavakakwira kuzvikoro uye nherera mumhuri dzokugara. Izvi zvinoshandawo vana mumhuri vanotambudzika, apo utsanana vari kutyora. Sezvo yomumuzongoza anogona kunyange kurwara kubva mumaoko tsvina kana michero. Naizvozvo, pakasikwa wemishonga yokudzivirira, kunyanya vacheche, chinodikanwa.

polysaccharide yokudzivirira

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, rinongoreva "A + C" kusonanidzwa zvinoshandiswa kubaya. Muna jekiseni nzvimbo, pane vamwe marwadzo uye hyperemia (yemanyorero 5% ndinamatidzwe). More kashoma kunoitika fivha kuti normalized kwemazuva 1.5. Vamwe yokudzivirira, hazvina simuka zvachose. Maximum - akatsvuka pa nzvimbo inoculation. yokudzivirira chete vari contraindicated vanhu vachitambura nekuora nezvirwere kana sema kuti zvokubikisa zviri mazviri.

Ko ndinoda kubaya pamusoro meningococcal chirwere?

In Russia makore apfuura isu akasuma rokumanikidzirwa kubaya pamusoro yomumuzongoza. The chirwere unovapo nokuda utachiona, unonzi "Haemophilus influenzae". Zvingaita kuti kwete chete yomumuzongoza. Uye somuenzaniso, nzeve zvirwere, mabayo, uye sinusitis. Zvisinei, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti yomumuzongoza anogona kukonzera kwete chete Haemophilus influenzae, asiwo vamwe tupukanana zhinji.

Vaccination kuzorwa chirwere ichi rinoitwa munyika dzese munyika. Kuzvimba uropi anogona kukonzera rufu. Inoculations dzinoitwa maererano mureza zvokurapa makarenda panguva Vaccination pamwe DTP. Current yokudzivirira ane zvinoumba Hib zvirwere. Haemophilus influenzae, sezvo vaongorori vakawana, aigona kuva mhando matanhatu. Zvikuru ngozi tupukanana dzevanhu vari mhando B. Kazhinji majekiseni ane chezvinonhuwira chirwere yokukudziridza unodzivirira kutapata.

yomumuzongoza chirwere (Haemophilus influenzae) ndiyo ngozi chaizvo nokuti vana pasi pemakore 5 years. Zvadaro baya zvinoita njere, nekuti pamwe zera zvirwere muvanhu anogadzirwa kwaita. Kunyange kudzivirira chose vanhu kubva yomumuzongoza havagoni kuva zvirwere. Unogona chete kuderedza ngozi ndibate nayo. Kudenha siyana yomumuzongoza, uye anokwanisa pneumococcus. Asi microbe ichi iripo mushonga. Utachiona inonyanya ngozi kuti kazhinji kukonzera kuzvimba uropi, aizivikanwa meningococcus.

Kana paiva nevanhu murwere

Kuti adzivise yomumuzongoza vanofanira nhomba. Immunoglobulin chinotarisirwa kuti vana pasi 7 makore asi hapana paya pane imwe vhiki pashure chokupfeka. Saka mwana ane makore 2 raakapiwa 1.5 Rine mamiririta vakwegura - 3 Rine mamiririta mushonga. Kana munhu ari mutakuri chirwere, kuti chemoprophylaxis kwamazuva mana. Kana munhu mukuru, zvinonzi basa rifampicin kaviri pazuva 0.3 magiramu.

Vaccinate pamusoro yomumuzongoza zvakaitwa pachine pasina kumirira munhu anorwara. Pane ampicillin aishandisa amoxicillin. Ane mugumisiro utachiona. Munyika dzakawanda varayire majekiseni vose vaiva kuonana varwere. Vaccination rinoitwa mumazuva maviri. Kusvikira rimwe gore - kubva 5 kusvika 10 MG / makirogiramu pazuva, kubva gore rimwe makore 12 - 10 MG / makirogiramu pazuva, kana akaita chimwe bara "Ceftriaxone" 200 MG. yokudzivirira ava mukuru zvazvinoita kwete chete sezvo Kudzivirira yomumuzongoza, asiwo kuonana varwere meningococcal chirwere. Secondary yomumuzongoza anogona kuitika munyika mwedzi. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, muna 5 mazuva okutanga mushure kuonana munhu anorwara anofanira kuwana majekiseni kuti hutachiwana.