Varidzi vemitengeramwa - a dzinodzungaira nyanduri-vaimbi

Shoko "nomuridzi wembira" rinobva ministerialis Latin, iro anoshandura se "mushumiri". Zvisinei, sezvo tichiziva kubva akasiyana zvachose zvaanoreva: mudetembi-muimbi, mumwe kutsvakatsvaka muimbi serenades, etc.

Shoko rokuti "nomuridzi wembira"

Vose ukoshi. Izwi anonzi nyanduri-vaimbi, kwete chete mukono asiwo munhukadzi. Muchidimbu, neimwewo mupfungwa varidzi vemitengeramwa - ndivo vaimbi nyanzvi mune Ages Europe kubvira XII remakore (paraiitwa ari mangwanani Renaissance). Yavaiwana vapenyu hwavo nokuimba uye kuridza zviridzwa siyana mumhanzi pasina. The pedyo mu ukoshi shoko ari French izwi jongleur (juggler). Kusiyana dzose kunzwisisa kwedu riri kubatwa somunhu "Joker", "chiitiko murongi". Izvozvo hazvisi chete muimbi, asi wavawo Acrobat, chigure, storyteller, n'anga, etc. Basa vemifananidzo akadaro rakataurwa saka mumhanzi Manyoro varidzi vemitengeramwa akapotsa haana kurarama. Vateveri Modern kuedza chero nzira recreate basa ravo, inobva chaiko uye iconographic uchapupu.

Medieval dudziro. Maererano kududzira ichi, varidzi vemitengeramwa - ichi nyanduri-singer, zvakanyorwa mune kudanana mabhuku XIX remakore.

Modern kunzwisisa (kubvira XX remakore). Saka akadana musicians, vananyanduri, vanoita nziyo yepakutanga. Vanogona kuva nyanzvi uye amateurs.

nyaya

Varidzi vemitengeramwa akazviratidza XII remakore mupurovhinzi Provence (France). Mumigwagwa nemisha vaigona kuonekwa vachidzungaira vaimbi uye vadetembi uyo akaimba nziyo yakanyorwa pachavo uye akaperekedza pachake pamusoro chero chiridzwa. troubadours vaidaidzwa troubadours. Zita iri rinoshandurwa kubva Provençal remutauro se "unyanzvi kunyora."

Maererano zvinyorwa, muimbi-mbeya zvakanaka ndakawana. Vaiva akakurumbira pakati vanhuwo zvavo uye pakati feudal madzishe. Kana rwiyo kwaiva nezvaanoda pakati grandee, iye kakawanda zvikuru kuzoripira muimbi. Vagari zvakare akaponesa hapana vaimbi mubayiro mafaro.

Pashure pemakore 100 troubadours varidzi vemitengeramwa zita. Zvisinei, saka akadana kwete chete vadetembi, vaimbi, asi yose Fraternity kuti mbeya vemifananidzo :. vachitamba, vaimbi, jugglers, etc. Kureva, ari Ages varidzi vemitengeramwa kunzwisisa - zvose tarira vatambi, hazvinei kuti uri mhando zvavakaita.

Sezvambotaurwa, chikuru zvinoreva shoko - muranda basa. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna XIII remakore, shoko raireva vakasununguka yokudhirowa, asina basa munhu. Vakafamba zvose pamusoro Europe, vakanga pamazororo imwe nzvimbo, uye chitarisiko chavo kwagara akasangana veko rokumukurudzira.

MuGermany, zvakare, vaingodzungaira vaimbi, asi dzinonzi minnesingers pano - vaimbi rudo. Sezvaunogona kuona, pane musiyano kubva muchiLatin dudziro, maererano iyo varidzi vemitengeramwa - muranda.

Chii varidzi vemitengeramwa nokuimba?

Vaiimba nziyo zvose: pamusoro chivalry mishandirapamwe, uye rudo, uye kumutengesa, uye pamusoro akashinga ane murwi uye mambo akachenjera. By Genre, executable varidzi vemitengeramwa vakuvara pastorals. mabasa aya akanga uchidanana marimba yokunyora nokudhirowa neupenyu vokumaruwa vagari, kunyanya vafudzi uye shepherdesses. Zvisinei, musoro mukuru nziyo vaiva vanokudzwa uye vepachokwadi manzwiro knight wake mudzimai akanaka.

modernity

Nhasi, vamwe vaimbi vari kunzi "nomuridzi wembira." "Ndiani iyeye?" - zvirokwazvo kubvunza vamwe uninitiated. Modern varidzi vemitengeramwa pave nziyo uye kuita navo pachavo. Artists izvi nhengo imwe subculture. Shure yokumbozorora refu (3-4 remakore), vamwe vaimbi bards pakuzivikanwa se varidzi vemitengeramwa ari Kuma1960. Uye kubvira 1979 kusvika pokuwa USSR shoko iri rinonzi Moscow pepanhau iri kutanga. Zvakange Papera akasika basa ri- uye zvose vechikamu, vakanga ukama naye, makadanirwa varidzi vemitengeramwa.