Visual acuity - chii mushonga uyu?

Hazvibviri kuona kukosha zvakaratidzwa munhu. Narwo, tinowana mugove mashoko pamusoro pezvinhu rakatikomba weshumba. Kakawanda tatarisana kudikanwa kuitisa kudzidza kuona acuity, kubvira ndichiri muduku kuti kubvuma kuti kukireshi uye chikoro, uye yokupedzisira mudziyo uri vanachiremba basa basa uye vanopinza hofisi kana rezinesi rokutyaira.

Muhofisi ane ophthalmologist tarisa zvakasiyana ziso unhu, kusanganisira kuona acuity. nzira iyi inonzi visometry. Nzira kunobva pakushandisa dzinokosha matafura ane hunhu yakatarwa kuti akapa murwere kuti funga mumwe kure. In Russia akaisa mitemo 5 mamita. In mushonga, kutarisana acuity - kukwanisa kuona uye kusiyanisa maviri pedyo chinhu. The ndeyokuva kana munhu anogona kuona kubva chinhambwe mamita anoverengeka mbiri pfungwa, pamwe kure pakati pavo 1.45 mm.

chinooneka angled

It anosarudza pachena kukura zvinhu zviri pedyo sezvo vaviri vakaparadzana, kwete fused points. chinhu chimwe chinogona kuonekwa ziso nenzira dzakasiyana. It zvinoenderana kure: asi zvinoderedza kwayo kwekona maonero inowedzera, uye, saka, mufananidzo kukura pamusoro the retina. Izvi zvichaita kuudza ophthalmologist. Pamabiko, iwe ichaitwa tsanangudzo kutarisana acuity. Data All zvichakurukurwa muzvinyorwa zvokurapa chinyorwa.

Hasha anosarudza duku kwekona maonero panguva iyo zvichida achiri yaiva pedyo nepedyo pfungwa maonero yoga. Tsanangudzo iri kwokuomerwa akazviratidza makore 200 akapfuura. Rinoshandiswa mukurapa ano saka kure. Pachishandiswa mhedziso wakavhomorwa ne Chirungu musayendisiti Robert Hooke, tafura yacho ophthalmologist German Snellen yakazokudziridzwa. Chiremba vasiri wokuyera iyo unoenderana 100% zvaakaratidzwa, akagamuchira maonero angled akaenzana rimwe dhigirii.

Snellen tafura rine mitsara 11. Kumusoro tsamba guru guru kukwasva pasi dzimwe saizi kunodzikira. Ziso bvunzo anoitwa pa chinhambwe 6 mamita. Akaverenga hasha sezvinotevera: nhamba tsoka kune tsamba - ndiye numerator, iyo dhinomineta - daro kuti anonzi yakanakisisa munhu kuti kukwanisa kuverenga vatambi.

Ziso bvunzo nokuti Sivtsev

Mumwe nomumwe wedu anoyeuka Sivtseva tafura muhofisi ane ophthalmologist, iro rinoshandiswa navanachiremba Russian. Ichi nyore turusi kachiri chaizvo. Table Sivtseva - ndiyo 12 mitsetse netsamba kuti akakura nomumwe anotevedzana Musono ipfupi. Patient pane mabiko anoona chete vanotaurwa. Kutaura zvazviri patafura kutsigirwa tsamba. Somuenzaniso, «D» kuruboshwe anoratidza kure munhu anofanira kusiyanisa zviratidzo. Nokuti pasi mutsara ndiwo 2.5 metres nokuda pamusoro - kaviri. Kurudyi tsamba «V» anoti kutarisana acuity muzvikamu pandaiverenga kubva 5 mamita:

• kunoonekwa siyana pazasi - 2.0;
• inooneka chete yokumusoro mutsara - 0.1;
• mutsetse wose chegumi kunoonekwa kure 5 metres - 1.0 (zvakajairika chiratidzo).

Visual acuity - chiyero kuti anogona kuva kupfuura ndozvakajairwa pamusoro 1,2 kusvika 3.0. Under pathological mananara, myopia, hyperopia, cataract, astigmatism, yemaziso hasha anogona inowira 0,4 uye 0,05. Musiyano chikuru ndiro mufambo panguva iyo munhu anogona kuona zvakajeka chinhu. Toti, kana kuona acuity pamusoro 1.0, unogona kuona motokari nhamba kubva 40 metres, pamwe indekisi pamusoro 0,4 - 16 m, pasisina, zvimwe nhamba netsamba batanidza.

Kana ziso acuity akawedzera muupenyu vanobatsirwa Fani iyi zvishoma. Vatyairi kuona mangwanani zviratidzo uye nezvimwe zvinhu, asi mano vanhu ava havana kumbosiyana vaya kwomuzvarirwo chiratidzo.

Table Orlova

Unoshandiswa rokuongorora vana asingagoni kuverenga. Pano, panzvimbo tsamba akadhindwa mufananidzo. Nheyo oparesheni kwakafanana patafura Sivtseva - musara saizi kunoderedza downwardly. Kana mwana asingadi kuziva vacho kubva chinhambwe 5 metres, saka kutarisana acuity yakaderera. Panyaya iyi, kuti examinee kuuya tafura namakumbo maviri, kusvikira aizotumidza pamusoro mutsara chifananidzo zvakarurama. chivimbo chakasimba mitemo:

1. Yakakwirira azvipire okuvhenekesa (700 lux).
2. First kudzidza zvakanaka ziso, wechipiri - akasiya.
3. Meso regai zazhmurivayutsya mundovanda seri kurova-rova.
4. Muna 1-3 Mitsetse zvikanganiso havagamuchirwi. C 4-6 mitsetse - chimwe chikanganiso. C 7-10 maviri vanobvumidzwa.
5. On kuona chiratidzo inomira kwete mumasekonzi kupfuura vatatu.

Gadzirisa uye mhanyisa nokuona acuity optotypes rubatsiro projectors. The chisina kutsetseka kwakakura ari kuburitswa chiratidzo, pasinei daro chidzitiro anoramba kuzochinja. Zvakakosha kuti murwere uye chikwata riri chidzitiro pamukova chete kure.

Kuti uone kuti kutarisana acuity pavarwere akangorara, tafura chinokosha rinowanikwa kure 33 masendimita kubva ziso. Kuzvidzora pano kuziva zviratidzo oga uye vakasununguka kuverenga diki rwezuva pamwe chiratidzo kure uko fundo vakatakura kunze.

Chii iziso uye kuti inoshanda sei?

Visual acuity - ichi zvinoshamisa mushandirapamwe meso, pfungwa uye uropi. Serious uye kunzwisisa mashandiro ari pfumbu nyaya, ichipa kuchinjwa, kubudiswa uye dudziro kuuya mashoko kubva kuona nhengo, haruna kupomberwa kudzidza kusvikira ikozvino. Tiri kutaura nedzimwe zvinhu - kushanda ziso pamwechete chavanoziva. Vanotamira parutivi, kumusoro uye pasi, pokutigamuchira wakafara muchidimbu vaifanira.

Enzanisa ziso kushanda pamwe kamera, vari kushandiswa chaizvo, hazvina chokwadi. Hungu, kuona nhengo - kunzwisisa Manyiminya gadziriro, raiumbwa cornea, izvo, vitreous muviri uye unyoro. Zvisinei, Manyiminya mano anongoti kubvisa mufananidzo pamusoro firimu, uye vanhu vanoziva kurova pamusoro the retina mashoko uye, achitanga kubva chiito ichi.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

About meso vane zvakawanda zvinofadza kuti murege kuziva:

• Zuva nezuva, maawa 12 pa achibwaira munhu anopedza maminitsi 25.
• Myopia - chirwere Japanese. Kanji vatambi anonzwisiswa zvakaoma, saka kana uine kuverenga nguva refu kugadzirisa ziso pane chinhambwe. It kukuvadzisa ari pake.
• Vachangoberekwa anotanga boira pamwe-mwedzi mitanhatu-okuberekwa.
• Munhu wose kubva pakuberekwa rwebhuruu-vachena maziso. Makore maviri chete pashure vakatengesa ruvara chaiyo.
• 2 chete% vanhu pasi vane maziso egirini.
• Muenzaniso womunhu Iris ziso muvanhu, uyewo fingapurindi, akasiyana nevamwe. On zvingadarowo kuziva munhu.
• Murume ane 150 lashes nerimwe remakore.
• With asvinure maziso haazotsauki kuti hotsira.

Nyore nzira kuongorora kana chakaipa kuona acuity ndiko kutarira kudenga usiku, kuwana Big Dipper. Kana mubato iri mugomo pedyo avhareji nyeredzi kunoonekwa mumwe diki, saka zvakajairika hasha. Nenzira iyi, ongororo rinoitwa evaArabhu vekare.

Visual acuity Rights: Zviratidzo

kazhinji sei isu kuwana nguva kushanyira imwe ophthalmologist, apo maziso vari kwazvo, tisingatauri kuzvidzivirira nechiyero? Zvisinei, kuderera kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Uye munhu asingateereri cherechedzai pakarepo kuti kutarisana acuity kunoderedza.

A rakabudirira kunokwanisa chete tariro nenguva kuonekwa pamusoro kuremara. The emhando dzakawanda zvinowanzovapo kutyorwa vari: kure-kwehurumende / myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, tsanga. Zviratidzo anoratidza yadzikira kutarisana acuity, zvinotevera:

1. Anouya aine zvakaoma tarisisa zvinhu kare zvakanaka kuonekwa. Pazvese, chii yava chinhu kuona kuipa - avo pedyo kana avo kure kure.
2. Unogona kuona mufananidzo pamberi pake uye zvakaipa pachena, kana zvishoma utore musoro kurutivi. Izvi zvinoratidza zvishomanana Kuipa yepamusoro.
3. Marwadzo, kuvaviwa, vatorwa muviri manyawi, kuoma, unopfuta hapasi kuva zviratidzo nenyonganiso ari mumufananidzo acuity, asi kunowanzoguma zvakakomba nezvirwere ziso uye kutaura overvoltage.

Pathological zvinokonzera zvokukura zvirwere

Tsanga - vakawanda pose kukonzera kuderedzwa kutarisana acuity. Ichi zvachose kana rushoma pakaputsika pachena pamusoro izvo, riri shure Iris uye mboni. In pauduku hwake, pasina vachiberekwa zvirwere mboni yakajeka zvachose uye kusanduka, inopfuura dzose mwaranzi yechiedza kupinda ziso, uye pakarepo rinonyanya kure uye pedyo zvinhu pamusoro. With zera, kuti izvo zvinova ramakore zvishoma nezvishoma anorasikirwa kukwanisa kuisa zvinhu zvakasiyana akareba. Cataract - chikonzero chikuru nokuda izvo kusimukira kutadza kuona zvakanaka uye upofu. Pashure pemakore 40, mumwe 6 munhu anoti chirwere ichi, mushure 80 - mumwe. Zviratidzo tsanga :

• Madzerere, ungaderedza kutarisana acuity zvishoma nezvishoma.
• Chimiro zvinhu usapfuura.
• Kuderedza musiyano uye nokupenya ruvara.
• Ruvara mboni iri chena.
• The maonero kure uye pedo.
• The chidzoke kumativi inopenya zvinyorwa kubwinya halos.

Improvement ari mumufananidzo acuity aite chimwe nzira - kuti kuitisa microsurgical oparesheni, umo zvikanganiswe izvo ari kuritsiva kudyara. Uyu yakachengeteka oparesheni, pashure izvo mhedziso ruzhinji wevarwere kuzodzosera wana yakakwirira kutarisana acuity.

Hyperopia uye myopia

Kuona zviri mberi (hyperopia) - chirwere iro chifananidzo achiumbwa seri the retina. Chinokonzera chirwere ichi chiri pfupi akabatana kana murombo ocular refracting simba izvo, chiri kushomeka kusika hwandaiva zvatichiri kure.

Nearsightedness (myopia) - kusikwa chinhu pamberi the retina. The chirwere refractive uye axial. Muchiitiko chokutanga kunowedzera refractive simba izvo kana cornea, rechipiri - Kureba ziso. Órgãos kukwana zvatichiri kureba.

Astigmatism - kutyorwa kunokonzerwa nokuchinja chimiro yeziso. It anova denderedzwa, zvakakwana kumativi ari chakaipa ziso. kazhinji zvokurwara ikabuda pauduku uye pamwe myopia kana hyperopia. Kana nguva hakutangi kurapwa - izvi zvinogona kutungamirira unopinza kudzikira mune kutarisana acuity kana strabismus.

presbyopia

"The chirwere pfupi-ruoko" - saka chirwere ichi rimwe zita. Most vanhu nechirwere ichi mhando kutyora, pashure pemakore 40. Kana presbyopia kurasikirwa kutarisana acuity zvinoonekwa nokurasikirwa maonero zvinhu zviduku uye Kukura pedo. Tinofanira vasundire kure pepanhau, nomusoni mubasa kure.

Zviratidzo uye Zvinokonzera presbyopia

Chinhu chokutanga kuti vanofanira kuzivisa munhu - blurring zvinhu zvemandorokwati. Ndinofanira kunotadzisawo maziso ako kuchinja mufananidzo hasha nokuti chii hunotanga ziso kuneta, kutemwa nomusoro, ziso-na. kuchinja All nechokuita presbyopia nokuda zera-chokuita pezvakaitwa ari nemamiriro izvo uye intraocular tsandanyama.

Nzira inonyanya pachena uye inobudirira kururamiswa - kuverenga magirazi uye mberi lenses, ayo anoshandiswa chete kana kushanda pedyo nepedyo. Kuvhiya Zvinogonekawo, asi ichi ndicho chinhu chiyero zvakanyanyisa, izvo chokuita wepakati.

amblyopia

Pathological zvinetso, anotaurwa so "maziso simba". Mumwe wechitatu zvose zviripo zvirwere kuvana, chokuita nhengo nokuona. It chirwere chakakomba, zvichitungamirira matambudziko ngozi. Chikonzero akakonzera nokukuvadzwa kutarisana acuity yakadaro inogona vawana kuremara kana vachiberekwa anomaly. Amblyopia kunoitika apo kuderera mumwe kana maziso vose panguva imwe chete.

Anovandudza zvokurwara kazhinji pamusoro yaitwa strabismus, tsanga, astigmatism, hyperopia, corneal opacity, nystagmus. kuchinja Major kuitika mune kutarisana cortex. Information chichigamuchirwa nenzira isiriyo chimiro, kuti anopinda ziso, kuona acuity kunodzikira uye haina kugadziriswa magirazi.

Ebetsero zvinokonzera kutadza kuona zvakanaka

mamwe zvinokonzera njodzi pakuumba pathological pezvakaitwa sezvo emit:

1. basa Long-izwi panguva pakombiyuta.
2. Overstrain ocular tsandanyama.
3. Nomwenje abatidza nzvimbo kubasa.
4. Kuvapo kuona mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira (mavara zvakare inopenya uye chiedza simba, uye zvichingodaro. D.).
5. Doro, kusvuta.

Visual acuity: kurapwa uye kudzivirira

Misa computerization ndiyo kukonzera chinopedza Disc chirwere uye zvakaratidzwa matambudziko. Hapana kuramba kubva kombiyuta, asi ichi hachisi zvakakodzera. Zvakakosha kuti zvakanaka kuparadzira mutoro pamusoro ziso. Ophthalmologists vanokurudzira kugadza tarisisa kuitira kuti chikuru chiedza tsime riri kudivi, achinyangarika yakananga kudzvokora, uye akanga masendimita hapana pedyo kupfuura 50 kuti maziso.

Sunglasses - kwete chete Stylish chishongedzo wenguo, asi nzira chaiyo vadzivirirwe sechiedza, kubatsira kuchengetedza zvaakaratidzwa. Kuwedzera husaberekana, uye pfungwa kuti chiremba ziso vanonyorera kuti vasabatwa pamusoro kutyorwa, zvakakodzera kutora mavhitaminzi nokuti meso: A, B, C, E. The anokosha jimunasitikisi, yemaminitsi 15 zororo kanoverengeka pazuva kubva kombiyuta kubatsira kuchengetedza chiratidzo nokuda refu.