Volapük - kunongova uye vagara mutauro akafa

Munguva yedu, kwete vanhu nyore uye kunyange munhu akadzidza chaizvo kuziva rokuti "Volapük". Izvi zvishoma musoro uye chinoshamisa shoko anouya kwatiri kubva kuGermany mukupera XIX remakore uye akazozivikanwa somunhu mutauro artificially zvakasikwa. Akati uye vakaita zvavo kurekodha nyika vepamusoro, izvo zvaisanganisira vanachiremba, nyanzvi dzemitauro, vanyori uye nyanzvi.

Rakanyorwa mutauro Paaidzidzisa

Saka Volapük - rudzi mutauro dzakawanda, iyo yakavambwa muna 1879 nomupristi Catholic German nezita Johann Martin Schleyer. Muna May gore rino vari Bavarian muruwa akauya hwehungoya bepa, asi somunhu kwokunwa kuzoti basa rose. It nechipiriso zvivakamutauro, morphological, uye nezvimwe mutauro artificially akasika aida vanhu vakadzidza munyika yose. Kwapera gore, Schleyer anobudisa bhuku chinozadzwa rinonzi "Volapük -. mutauro wezvose" Vakapfuura rimwe gore, uye mupepanhau ichi chitsva uye sezvo asi unexplored mutauro yakatanga kubudiswa, uye gare gare vaipinda wokutanga guruundano dzakawanda.

makore kukurumbira

Inenge muna 1884 yose Europe uye pamwe muna America mazhinji Asian nyika Volapük - iri nevakawanda zvikuru uye mutauro kupfura. It Prints magazini akawanda uye mapepanhau, zvinonzi akadzidza namapoka, muzvikoro uye mumayunivhesiti. Masayendisiti akawanda vanoshandisa Volapük dzavo doctorate dissertations uye zvakanakisisa tsika. It vakanyorwa sezvo nyaya apo imwe mutauro artificially akasika akava mhuri yevanhu. Zviri pamusoro mwanasikana mutsvakurudzi German Henry Volapük hevosia, izvo mumwe mutambo baba vaitaura mutauro, rwakazokura kwaari chinhu chido. Kusvika 1890s, nyika masayendisiti chaizvoizvo kupenga kwete kudzidzwa Volapük, asi yake kushandiswa kuramba basa uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva.

mutauro Basics

Takatodzidza yakasimbiswa kuti Volapük - mutauro chakagadzirwa, asi uyewo pahwaro iyo akasimuka? Ngatitange pamwe munyori - Naizvozvo mupristi aiva chizvarwa Germany, zvose ake upenyu akataura German. Chinangwa chake chaiva kusika mumwe kumumvuri mutauro uye mabhuku wadzo, asi zvimwe zvinhu vari maonero ake, kuti ndirarame mufananidzo yose. In yemaarufabheti echiCyrillic neechiLatin anotsanangura pokuva vaisanganisa aripo mavhawero akawanda. Lexical sezvamunoita - ichi chinonyanya kucherechedzwa kutaura mutauro Romano-ekuGermany mhuri, asi midzi yavo akachinjwa kupfuura kukudzwa. Zvinofanira kutaura kamwechete kuti munyori wake chizvarwa mutauro wokuGermany Volapük akatamira ake ose trickiest features, uyezve, ivo Wakawanza uye kuwedzera vakakurumbira uye kunzwisisa. The kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso weizvi - wakarebesa mashoko rinoumbwa zvitatu kana zvina zvikamu.

Chii chaiva nyore mutauro?

Pakutanga nguva dzose sokuti Volapük - uri mutauro nyore, nyore kudzidza uye kuyeuka. Chokwadi kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvaiva zvechokwadi huchikwezva kwazvo:

• Pakanga pasina kunzwisisa chiperengo.
• Pakanga pasina chinhu akadai hunyambiri nhamba (kwakunoitwa kuwanikwa chete Russian uye Arabic).
• Pakanga pasina mashoko zvakawanda.
• The kusimbiswa anogara yakanyorwa.

Tinogona kutaura kuti runako Volapük yapera. Chinhu icho akatarisana wose kuedza kudzidza nayo mune ramangwana - akafanana musangano zvose akaoma chaizvo German, Chirungu, Spanish uye kunyange mutauro Russian, vaisanganisa nokuda kwenhema siyana uye mashoko.

akawira kukurumbira

Kwemakore, ari Academy of Cryptography Volapük aiva Ogyust Kerkgoffs uyo vachinyatsoongorora mutauro, pakarepo akazivisa kutadza ayo ose. Ichiratidza zvazvakashatira nemunyori - Martin Sheleyeru, iye kwakamutsa kutsutsumwa wevakabhuroka. Mupristi vakasimbirira kuti mutauro - zvisikwa zvake, izvo haadi kuchinja chinhu. kunetsana uku kwakaunza rimwe kusanzwana vateveri zhinji Volapük vaenda nevamwe mutauro muzvirongwa - Idioms kwazvakarerekera mitsetse uye Esperanto. Nenzira, pakaita ndiwo mutauro okupedzisira muna 1887 kuwedzerwa zvinhu Volapük. Esperanto akanga zvikuru nyore remashoko uye girama ose mashoko kucherechedzwa uye kunyange kutsarukana.

Zvino Volapük - chinhu akafa mutauro kuti hamucharambi emit kunyange pamusoro-chakavanzika zvikuru mumapepanhau yesayenzi uye magazini. Hazvina kudzidziswa muna mano ose philology, kwete kudzidziswa muzvikoro akapedza kudzidza.