Volga Federal District: murwiyo, nharaunda, kumatunhu

Administrative Russian akavakamura kwete kuzvionera, ndima, kumatunhu uye chinoda, asiwo yeUnited mumatunhu (FD). Vanosvika 7. Nyanzvi dzakawanda zvinoratidza Volga Federal District. Ndezvipi chaizvo kuti miganhu dzakabatana dzakadaro? Chii chakasiyana nezvimwe kumatunhu ari Volga Federal District? Hunhu upfumi hwayo, kukura uye zviri enhoroondo kukura maguta chichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Chii Federal District

Volga Federal District - administrative chairema Russia, aumba somugumisiro ari kuchinja zvinhu munyika miganhu yakarongeka, ichiitwa mukutanga 2000s. Nokufamba zvinhu yakaumbwa 7 yeUnited maruwa (FD), chinzvimbo mutsva - the plenipotentiary mumiririri musoro wehurumende nechimwe izvi miganhu masangano. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuchinja uku akaitirwa nechokwadi kunopa unhu zveupfumi uye enyika kusangana pakati kumatunhu Russia. Reform akanga pashure munguva inotungamirwa rutsva, akasiyana Soviet misimboti administrative ezvinhu, federalism muenzaniso.

Hurumende, sezvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga zvaisagona kusarudza: kupa dzeSiria yakawanda rusununguko uye centralize utariri muMoscow. Somugumisiro, isu pave nekuyanana: vakasarudza kusika zvimwe administrative hurongwa pakati guru uye nyaya Federation. Zvakaitika kuti nharaunda, kune rumwe rutivi, akanga chaizvo akazvimiririra, ari mumwe - vaisungirwa kutevedza zvido dzakavakidzana vanotongwa Federation, vari muruwa chete.

Kuongororwa ezvinhu batana ematunhu

The Russian Nyanzvi Atmosphere pfungwa pamusoro kusakwana management miganhu dzakabatana, izvo administratively yakakamurwa Russia. Volga Federal District - hapana anosara. Kakawanda pfungwa aya maonero inoratidzwa mukutanga 2000s, mumakore okutanga pashure County hurongwa wakatangwa purezidhendi. Mumwe mibvunzo vatsoropodzi - zvakatosiyana wenyika Muchirongwa ichi, Mutungamiri bumbiro dzemunharaunda. Zvikurukuru mu huru mutemo wenyika yacho akati kuti mutongo kuchinja yaiona-miganhu hurongwa Russia anogona chete kubva musi mitemo yeUnited, asi kwete wenyika mitemo. Nepo dunhu dzakatangwa sezvo nguva nokuda vemutungamiri chirevo. Chimwe chinhu icho unyatsoteerera nokutsoropodzwa - President kuti mumiririri mabasa ari batana maruwa. The Constitution, ivo vanotenda hapana shoko pamusoro sei masimba musoro wehurumende inogona kuva plenipotentiaries Unoshanda mubvunzo.

Reform of Bazi Internal Affairs pakati batana ematunhu

Muna May 2014, President Russian akaita kunze zvishomanana zvinhu wegadziriro vehurumende mukati batana maruwa. It akabata Zvivako Bazi Internal Affairs weRussia. Muna Federal District vaiva chikuru utariri (SU) of Interior Ministry. Zviremera vakasarudza kuderedza nzvimbo izvi somugumisiro chimwe chisarudzo hurumende yokuisa kunonyanyisa nhamba revashandi of Interior Ushumiri, ane basa riri mari kubva hurumende bhajeti - mamiriyoni 1 113 zviuru 172 vanhu .. Somugumisiro, pasi abolition Ushumiri muna Federal District (dzakakudzingai ari Research Affairs yeRussian Federation muna North Caucasian Federal District). Department Main pamusoro Internal Affairs muna Volga Federal District, uyewo zvivako zvakafanana muna Far East, Siberia, ivo Urals, muna Centre, South uye North-West Russia vakanga akabvisa. Tsvimbo madhipatimendi aya rakabva mudonzvo uye vaifanira apiwa wakatarwa, migumisiro izvo vanofanira kusarudza basa ravo ramangwana.

miganhu mamiriro

Chii chinoshamisa Volga Federal District? Chokutanga, chikuru anozivikanwa misha yevanhu. Most maguta makuru ari Volga Federal District: runako, Samara, Kazan kwazvo, kunozivikanwa Nizhniy Novgorod, Perm uye Ufa vaenzi. Uyezve, imwe zvakakwana vakawanda yeUnited vanotongwa siyana wayo sezvamunoita. We zvinyore huru. Nzvimbo Volga Federal District - a Kirov, Orenburg, Samara, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov uye Ulyanovsk. Sezvo chikamu reruwa pane 6 National chinoda: Bashkortostan (guta - Ufa), Mordovia (muzinda - Saransk), Tatarstan (mukuru guta - Kazan), Mari El (guta guru reRepublic - Yoshkar-Ola), Udmurtia uye Chuvashia (apo guru - Izhevsk uye Cheboksary azvaitwa). The Volga Federal District rinoumbwa sezvo Perm.

upfumi

Volga Federal District, izvo zvinoumba chikamu dzimwe kumaguta makuru, uye zvekuvaka-vapfumi kumatunhu, ndiye mutungamiriri pakati pezvimwe District maererano maindasitiri kugadzira, kunyange mberi Central, apo pane Moscow. Main sectors - muchina chivakwa, mafuta uye simba yakaoma. Vatungamiri vari indasitiri - Kirov nharaunda, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Mordovia.

A chinokosha mugove emari reruwa iri mubasa zvokurima (kunyanya Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda, muna Perm mudunhu). chiedza indasitiri (Mari El, Penza nharaunda) kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka. Economy District, maererano dzimwe mari, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yacho ndeimwe rikwezve kuti makambani.

Rivers uye madhamu

The Volga Federal District iri mumudziyo enzizi kupfuura European - the Volga. Unenge pana Valdai duku karwizi, uye runoyerera kupinda kweGungwa reCaspian. Length erwizi -. Vanopfuura zviuru 3.5? Km. Volga catchment nzvimbo - Street vanopfuura mamiriyoni 1,6. ? km.

Muna Volga Federal District pane yakawanda madziva, nhoroondo yavo inoenderera ezviuru. Vazhinji vari Tatarstan (vanenge 8 zviuru.), Bashkortostan (anenge 2 zviuru.), Mune Chuvash Republic (750), vanenge chiuru - iri Kirov nharaunda, 689 iri muna Republic of Mari El.

Kazan

Kumatunhu ari Volga Federal District ndiye yepakutanga chaizvo. Kazan - mumwe chikuru nzvimbo nzvimbo Russia, rimwe remaguta Russia wakakurumbira zvikuru munyika.

Gore nheyo Kazan, maererano kazhinji kugamuchirwa matongo uchapupu - 1005 ndipo. City akaita yakabuda senhare of Volga Bulgaria. Kokutanga muupenyu yaMakoronike Russian vanotaurwa Kazan muna 1177. The guta rakava rimwe remasangano ezvokutengeserana uye enyika nzvimbo Yechinwiwa Horde. Muna 1438 akagamuchira mamiriro guru Kazan Khanate. Muna 1552 fung guta yakakundwa mauto Ivana Groznogo uye yakatora kuRussia. Muna 1708 akava guta guru Kazan province.

Nhasi, guta rino - mumwe kiyi nokuda Russian upfumi, yakakurumbira ethno-tsika pakati. Yendege rinobatanidza guta munzvimbo dzakawanda muna Russia uye kunze. In Kazan, pane zvinenge zvose mhando mabhazi, kusanganisira nepasi pevhu. The guta musha vemarudzi pamusoro 100. Official mitauro pano - Russian uye wechiTatar.

Kirov

Kirov - guta rurefu chaizvo entrepreneurial basa. Maererano Masvomhu ari Institute of System Studies Enterprise Issues muna 2012 munharaunda Kirov rava mutungamiri dzakasiyana-siyana zviratidzo. Kunyanya, nharaunda iri rakava rokutanga nhamba madiki paminiti 100 zviuru vagari vanhu -. Hodha 220 dzakabatana. Kirov nharaunda rakava rokutanga nhamba yevanhu kushanda madiki. Padanho mari iri guta guru madiki paminiti capita kakapetwa kupfuura mbiri kupfuura Russian paavhareji (more - chete Penza mudunhu).

Kirov guta emakore. Gore nheyo dzaro - muna 1181-ndipo. Kusvikira 1457 zvazikamwa sezvo Vyatka kusvika 1781-ndipo - sei Khlynov. Zita ano guta wakagamuchira 1934. Munguva Soviet, Kirov kwainzi Semi-up kugarwa huru nhamba akaitwa iri kwayo kudzivirira zvekutepfenyura. Zvino guta yakazarukira vaenzi vakabva kuRussia uye kubva kunze kwenyika.

Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod - guru guta iri Volga Federal District uye kumwe nomukurumbira Russia. It rakaumbwa muna 1221 na Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. Zita wokutanga shanduro imhaka chinzvimbo noruremekedzo kuna Veliky Novgorod, pazuva rechipiri - pachinhu rimwe guta pamwe chete zita riri pamusoro Volga. Panguva Mongol-wechiTatar joko Russia, Nizhny Novgorod haana zvakare tichizikamwa. Asi pashure zvisingaiti vakanga vadzingwa Russian nyika, akatanga kukura nokukurumidza, kazhinji vachipemberera yenhau. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofunga kuti munguva kuvapo Nizhny Novgorod hugota (mumakore 1341-1392) guta zvaikodzera kuti mamiriro guru Russian, sezvo akakwanisa kukwikwidzana muMoscow uye Tver. Muna 1612 masvingo ari Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin kutanga kufamba revarwi, akatungamirirwa Minin uye Pozharsky, izvo akasunungura nyika yedu kubva-Lithuanian Polish nechisimba. Muna 1722, ayo mashanu gore muna Nizhny Novgorod Vaipemberera Emperor Peter Mukuru. Pano akararama yokuRussia shasha Kulibin, Lobachevsky, Dhamasiko, Kuzhelev mudzidzisi, wezvenhau Ilyinsky mufambi Baranschikov. City akashanyira A. S. Pushkin. nemaonero ake kubva mumamiriro ari iconic panzvimbo Nizhny Novgorod, akatsanangura mu "Evgeniya Onegina" zvitsauko. Kubva 30s kusvikira pokuwa USSR guta rainzi chokuremekedza munyori A. M. Gorkogo. Zvino Nizhny Novgorod - mumwe maindasitiri nzvimbo Russia. Kunozivikanwa zvenhau netsika nhaka ndokuita yakakurumbira vashanyire nzvimbo uye kuzvikudza Nizhny Novgorod pachavo.

Volzhsky nhabvu sumbu

Volga Federal District, murwiyo iyo achiumbwa nomumwe kupfuura mari dzakabudirira kumatunhu Russia achaita chehondo FIFA World Cup raizoitirwa 2018 mu Russia. Maguta akawanda FD achava chikamu inonzi Volga Sumbu - munhu conglomerate remaguta, izvo ichavakwa nhandare kuti machisi ari ushasha.

Pakati Maguta aya Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Kazan uye Saransk. In vazhinji vavo nhabvu kwezvivako yakazovakwazve kubva muvare. Volga Federal District uye guta saizvozvo kuti kuzivikanwa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo munyika yose. Zvazvinosarira kuti kuvakwa munhandare imwe zvikuru uye kutanga makwikwi.