Voltaire, "ingenuous": pfupiso

Nyaya "The nyore" - imwe yakakurumbira kwouzivi uye satirical mabasa makuru Voltaire, muzivi guru uye nderokudzidzisa muzana remakore rechi18 France. Kokutanga nyaya yakabudiswa muna 1767 uye nokukurumidza, nemhaka kubudirira kukuru, mumitauro yakawanda.

Voltaire, "ingenuous": pfupiso. tai

Kunze kwaiva muna July 1689. Rimwe manheru muna Lower Brittany panguva egungwa famba Abbe of Kerkabon uye hanzvadzi yake. The abbot akazvipa kufunga nhamo munin'ina wake nemhuri yake, uyo makore 20 apfuura akaenda punta mungarava in Canada, uye sezvo pavo pakanga pasina nhau.

Panguva ino chaiyo munguva apo panopinda rinosanganisira mudziyo nzira, uye akasvika pamhenderekedzo jaya. Ari nguo Indian nguo uye zvinoita nyore-pfungwa - saka remadunhurirwa nokutendeseka kwake uye nomwoyo vamwe Varungu. Abbot anokukoka kuti apedze usiku.

Zuva rakatevera jaya, achida kuti nditende mutsa wehondo, anopa Mascot - Portrait of risingazivikanwi uwandu nyore pfungwa vanhu chokuita tambo. Pakati zvifananidzo izvi Abbot anodzidza munin'ina wake uye mudzimai wake uyo yakanyangarika muCanada.

Simple-anoti haana kuziva vabereki vavo, uye akamutsa maIndia ake. De Kerkabon uye hanzvadzi dzake kuti sekuru jaya uye tete, kubvira ipapo anorarama navo.

Simple dzakanaka havana kuziva vabereki vavo, uye vakadzidza maIndia Hurons. Awana ari munhu asati uye hanzvadzi yake sekuru rudo uye tete, jaya vakagara mumusha mavo.

St. Ives

High tsika uye yakanaka, kubva mutsika nemaonero, pave hunhu Voltaire ( "nyore-dzakanaka"). Zvarongwa chigadzirwa zvichiitirwa muverengi kuti nomufambiro protagonist kunofanira Munongedzo vose vabvume.

Saka asati afunga kubhabhatidza ingenuously. Asi kutanga, zvaiva zvakakodzera ndimutsaurire iyo nheyo chitendero chake chitsva. Jaya ichiverenga Bhaibheri uye kunzwisisa zvachinoreva nokuda kushaya simba munzanga edzidzo. Simple-wakaitwa mhemberero chechi uye anowira anoda pamuchinjikwa Saint-Yves. Vakaziva murudo, musikana uye mukomana kuita panyaya. Asi kutanga, unofanira kutsvaka mvumo nevabereki vavo. Abbot anotsanangurawo nyore-pfungwa, kuti aroore muchinjikwa - chivi. The Jaya akapindura kuti shoko iri harina kutaurwa muBhaibheri, uyewo zvimwe zvinhu zvizhinji, kuti unogamuchirwa munyika munzanga uye anonzi chikamu mhemberero yechitendero.

Law kambani

Rinofumura kusava nomusoro nguva yake Voltaire. Simple dzakanaka havagoni kunzwisisa nei vakawanda makiromita papa vanofanira kusarudza kuroora chaanodisisa kana kwete. Jaya rikati kuti iye pachake ane kusarudza dambudziko rake. Pashure paizvozvo, iye anongovangira St. Ives uye anoda kumuroora, sezvaakanga amuvimbisa, uye zvirokwazvo, rakarurama ake. Asi dzakapoteredza pakutanga kutsanangura kuti pasina mutemo, notaries uye makondirakiti kuuya mhirizhonga.

mhinduro nyore-pfungwa kuti chete kutendeseka vanhu vanoda nyevero dzakadaro. Asi iye akapindura kuti mitemo vakanga yakagadzirwa chete chinoziva uye vakatendeseka vanhu. Uye kana munhu anofunga pachake vakatendeseka, anofanira nokuzvininipisa kuteerera mitemo, muenzaniso kune vamwe.

Mother St. Ives kusarudza kutumira musikana kusvika chechechi, uye ipapo ngaateme asingachadiwi asi kunobatsira nomuroori. Kudzidza uku, homey anouya hasha uye mwoyo.

British kubvuta

Zvinoratidza kurwisana munzanga, vakanyura mune mutevedzeri, uye zvakasikirwa munhu akakurira kure budiriro, Voltaire ( "nyore-dzakanaka"). Pfupiso kunobatsira kunzwisisa kure sei vanhu kubva tsika uye wechokwadi dzakanaka.

Saka, mano pfungwa vachikanganiswa achitsauka pamwe kumahombekombe. Zvino anoona sezvo vanetseka tinokanganwa kukupfura French. Zvakaratidza kuti dzechikwata yeBritain yakawira pamahombekombe uye akagadzirira kundorwisa guta. Simple-pfungwa anobatana hondo uye kukuvadza muvengi Admiral. Vachiona ake ushingi, Iite navarwi French uye vakakunda. Guta Rinotarisira kuponesa, uye nyore-kuva akakurumbira.

Pakupisa rokurwa jaya achida kutora pamusoro wemamongi osunungura anodiwa ake. Asi iye mwoyo uye zano kuenda mambo Versailles uye kukumbira mvumo kuroora somubayiro. Hapana zvino kugona kudenha kodzero yake kuroorwa.

Kutambudzwa Mapurotesitenzi

Kuramba madzungairiro ari gamba nyaya "The nyore" (Voltaire). Mukati Chapter anoudza sei mukomana akatumira Versailles. nzira yake kuburikidza rimwe taundi duku. Zviri kumusha maProtestenti, uyo achangobva akanga kunyimwa kodzero dzose uye nechisimba vatendeukira yeRoma pamusana abolition pamusoro mutemo pakati Nantes.

In misodzi vagari kusiya rokumusha kwake. Simple dzakanaka havagoni kunzwisisa nei mambo nyasha Papa aramba vagari 600,000 vakavimbika uye dooms navo mbeya nenhamo. Murume wechidiki akauya pakugumisa kuti mhosva zvose zvisakafanira nemakurukota uye vaJesuit, iyo yakapoteredza namambo. Zvikasadaro, chii chimwe aigona kuti gavhuna zvishuvo muvengi wake Papa?

Nhapwa nyore-pfungwa akapika kuti kamwe akakwazisa mambo, kumuudza chokwadi. Tadzidza chokwadi, mubati kuchatibatsira vanhu vake. Zvinosuruvarisa mashoko aya achitaurwa yakazonyorwa wechechi yeRoma kushanda baba Informant Lachaise, confessor wamambo, uyo ari mutambudzi nevaPurotesitendi.

Versailles

Zvinoratidza mikuru zvinokanganiswa rechiFrench zviremera, Voltaire. Simple dzakanaka kuuya Versailles panguva imwe chete pamwe kwokupa mhosva vaJesuit. The jaya, naivete yake, ndaifunga kuti nokukurumidza kuuya, muchasangana namambo, nezvokutambudzika mabasa ake uye kuwana somubayiro mvumo kuroorwa mudiwa wake, uye kunyange maziso ako rechokwadi mambo makaitika mamiriro ezvinhu Huguenots.

Tanetseka chaizvo, I vanokwanisa kuwana vateereri ingenuously chete nyore jinda. Anoudza gamba kuti munzvimbo yake anogona chete kuvimba kutenga pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi. Jaya iri achigumburwa nokuti kwakanyorwa akaita kubhadhara chokwadi kuti upenyu hwake pangozi nokuda kubwinya korona. Hero berates machinda uye akavimbisa kuti vaudze mambo hwaro. Kubva kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura ichi, dare rinogumisa kuti mueni wake rakanga anopenga, saka regai vachikoshesa chero kukosha mashoko aya.

Baba Lachaise, iwoyo tsamba mbiri. Chokutanga - kubva wechechi yeRoma, uye wechipiri - kubva hama St. Ives, unonzi nyore-pfungwa zvounhubu uye madcap, akukurudzirai masoja kupisa wemamongi kuba musikana.

Pashure pezvinhu Mishumo masoja unosimbiswa kusunga mukomana. Usiku gamba kuuya uye, pasinei dzinotyisa nemishonga, akatumira Bastille. Pano unowira muchitokisi chete pamwe muzivi-Jansenists Gordon.

Bastille

Panguva iyoyo, nepaburi retsono mhedziso Voltaire pachake. "The nyore" ( "Gaby" mune dzimwe shanduro) akaitirwa kuratidza uye sei nyore akatendeseka murume kuFrance kuti vakapfigirwa.

Baba Gordon, mhando mikukutu murume, akanga ari Bastille pasina kutongwa nokuti akaramba kuti inopiwa simba Papa muFrance. Mukurusa upenyu hwake refu akaita vaunganidza zvakawanda, uye jaya ainyatsofarira kukuru zvose zvitsva. Kukurukurirana vasungwa vaviri zvishoma nezvishoma kuva kunakidza uye anorayiridza. Asi kwepfungwa uye nyore pfungwa naivety vanowanzokoshesa muzivi kuti standstill.

Murume wechidiki anoverenga zvakasiyana siyana mabhuku munhoroondo. Kubva izvi anopedzisa kuti vanhu yose ivepo nguva anoita mhosva chete. Asi, pashure pokuverenga Evil, anoziva kuti zvinhu zvose kumativi - chete guru chikamu mashandiro, unova mweya waMwari. Zvishoma nezvishoma pfungwa hunosimba ingenuously, iye vanatenzi ari wefizikisi, masvomhu, geometry.

Kuziva chokwadi

Very guru ruzhinji Mhinduro yaiva chigadzirwa kuti akanyora Voltaire. "The nyore" - kuchikonzerwa kutsoropodzwa namambo wacho simba, uye nokuda ichi unogona kurasikirwa nyore musoro wake panguva.

Yaitaurwa yekare muduku mboni muzivi sembura. Gordon anotarisa iye uye anonzwisisa kuti upenyu hwake hwose ari Zvinongova kukurudzira rusaruro, uye mudzidzi wake mano, kuteerera inzwi zvakasikwa, wakagona pedyo chokwadi chiri pedyo zvikuru. Free kubva illusory zvinomiririra, nyore-vakanzwisisa kuti huru yevanhu kurudyi - rusununguko. Anoti kuti kusawirirana scholastics maturo uye hazvibatsiri. Mwari ndiye zvose, saka musoro kusawirirana vatendi. Gordon anoziva kuti ake kodzero mudzidzi, uye anouya mwoyo kuzadzisa zvikanganiso zvavo. Papupurirwa hunhu wake vakaisa kutonga avo nezvokuva chitendero, Voltaire ( "nyore-dzakanaka").

Panguva iyoyowo, St. Ives anosarudza kuenda kundotsvaka wake anoda uye anoenda kuna Versailles.

gumisiro

St. Ives unopukunyuka pasi mhete uye anoenda dzokugara mambo. Iye chaizvo anoedza musangano pamwe siyana varemekedzwa, iye nokukurumidza anowana kuti mudiwa wake ari Bastille. Machinda, uyo akaudza St. Ives, kukungura kuti haangagoni kuita zvakanaka pabasa rake, kana nahwo. Asi zvinoratidza kuti gurukota anogona kubatsira of Saint-Puanzh. Girl anowana vateereri pamwe murayiro, asi mukutsinhana kusunungurwa Simple-anoda kuda St. Ives. Familiar kungoita kuti akuvara. Uye St. Ives rave kumanikidzwa kuwira kuti kuponesa munhu waunoda.

Simple-pfungwa anowana kusunungurwa. Asi musikana ari kutambura nokuda kuwa kwake uye vanofa fivha. Pauchadzidza rufu St. Ives, Puanzh vachipfidza pamabasa avo.

Zvinotora nguva, iyo dzinopomhodza zvose. Simple dzakanaka anova mukuru rufu rwake anochengeta ndangariro nomudiwa.

Voltaire, "ingenuous": ongororo

A pachena chinoratidza chigadzirwa ichi ndechokuti muzivi akaratidza pfungwa dzake pamusoro mamiriro uye sangano mudziyo kwete chete, asiwo akateerera zvikuru mufananidzo manzwiro protagonists.

Munyaya ino, Voltaire akaedza kutsvaka nengaidzo pakati zvakanaka uye zvakaipa, uye kuwana mwero izvi zvakavapo. Zvino raiva rusununguko munhu, izvo aifanira kupa mambo. Rusununguko vanhu chikuru apo chechi yakatyoka, ndokusaka nomuzivi criticizes iri kero yake.

Muna 1994 akanga akaita firimu, "The nyore" (Voltaire). Firimu rakaitwa anorenda nokuda US, Russia uye France. Zvisinei, vaoni ane kukurumbira kukuru yaakawana.