Writer Lion Feuchtwanger: A Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Lion Feuchtwanger anonzi muvambi mutsva anodzidza sangano iri nhoroondo Romance philology. Pamabasa ake, rine pfungwa pamusoro zvichaitirwa vanhu panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura budiriro inogona kurondwa zvakajeka nezviri pamwe kuitika munyika yanhasi. No zvishoma kunakidza ndiye Biography ari munyori, izvo varipo vari muchiuto, uye "bhuku Motokari" uye akapfigirwa yevasungwa, uye zvakawanda.

makore okutanga

Lion Feuchtwanger akaberekwa musi July 7, 1884 muguta German reMunich, mwanakomana yakapfuma industrialist Sigmund Feuchtwanger uye Johanna Bodenheimer, uye aiva mukuru pavana vapfumbamwe. baba vake namai vake vaiva vaJudha Orthodox, uye mumwe mukomana kubva muduku waiva zvakadzama zivo chitendero uye tsika vanhu vake. Pashure chikoro, Lion Feuchtwanger akapinda University reMunich, apo akadzidza munda "mabhuku" uye "uzivi". Akabva atamira Berlin kutora nzira philology German uye Sanskrit.

Muna 1907, Lion Feuchtwanger akagamuchira miteva ine chinyorwa kuna zvinobikwa Genriha Geyne "Baharahsky rabhi."

Early basa

Muna 1908, Feuchtwanger akavamba magazini tsika "Mirror". Magazini iyi aiva upenyu hupfupi uye pashure kusunungurwa 15 namakamuri akarega kuvapo nokuda matambudziko zvemari.

Muna 1912, ramangwana inozivikanwa munyori akaroora mwanasikana dzomutengesi akapfuma Jewish Martha Leffler. Uye zvakanga zvisingaiti kuvanza zuva romuchato kubva vakakokwa kuti mwenga pamuviri. Papera mwedzi yakati, Martha akabereka mwanasikana, uyo akafa nguva pfupi pashure pokuberekwa.

Muna November 1914, Feuchtwanger akadana kuva vanomiswawo. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza izvozvo Zvakazozivikanwa kuti haasi zvose zvakanaka utano, uye munyori aiva chengetedza. Pashure pehondo, akasangana Brecht, uyo akauraya imwe ushamwari kuti kusvikira vazofa Feuchtwanger.

Biography kusvikira 1933

Lion Feuchtwanger aiva mumwe wokutanga kuona ngozi National Socialism. Kare muna 1920 akanga atova munhu satirical nzira akapa chiratidzo kutsvakatsvaka muJudha, iyo inorondedzera Anti-Semitism. Uyezve, iye akapa rondedzero nomazvo zviri "shava Munich" iri yokufungidzira "Kubudirira," umo protagonist Rupert Kuttsnera yakawana zvakajeka inobudisa Adolf Hitler.

Kwapera mabasa Feuchtwanger akabudiswa kunze Germany, yava zvikuru nevakawanda munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Somugumisiro, akakokwa kumayunivhesiti akawanda kununura hurukuro.

Muna November 1932 akanga muLondon. Ikoko vaipedza mwedzi mishoma, uye ipapo kuenda USA, apo iye akanga achienda kutsoropodza. Saka, nenguva iri kuuya nesimba vaNazi Shumba Feuchtwanger ari kunze Germany. Zvaakanga ateerera zvaitaurwa shamwari, munyori akasarudza kugara muguta reFrance Sanary-sur-Mer, kwaiva diki muhutongi German vatama vakanga vatiza nemhaka yokutambudzwa nokuda kwezvikonzero enyika kana rwedzinza. Sezvo Chirungu-mutauro shanduro mabhuku Feuchtwanger raMwari inobudiswa makuru Shanduro, akatungamirira upenyu hwomutambarakede nomukadzi wake Marita, uyo aiva mutevedzeri wake akatendeka muzvinhu zvose.

Biography Feuchtwanger pamberi Second World War

Zvichakadai, zita Germany Feuchtwanger muna akazviratidza pamazita vanyori vane mabhuku vakapiswa, akanga vakapfekenurwa ake mugari uye pfuma yake atorwe.

Ruvengo kune National Socialism chaiva chikonzero kufarirwa munyori muSoviet Union. Paitonga Stalin anoparadzirwa kugona kurovha mukana wakadaro uye akakoka Feuchtwanger kushanyirwa kuMoscow, uyewo wekushanyira nyika kuti vaone nemaziso avo chii mberi akaita pakutanga kwenyika "mamiriro vashandi uye vanhuwo zvavo." Sezvo chikamu kushanya kune USSR munyori kunyange vakabvunzurudza vatungamiriri vavanhu.

Kudzokera France, Lyon Feuchtwanger, ane mabhuku muSoviet Union pakarepo akatanga kubudisa mamiriyoni makopi, yakabudiswa yekutaura pamwe Stalin. Uyezve, akanyora bhuku "Moscow. 1937 ", iyo akaudzawo vaverengi European zvaakaratidzwa weupenyu USSR. Pamapeji aro, iye yairamba kuzvienzanisa pakati zvaakanga rakaratidzwa, uye mamiriro ezvinhu muGermany. Tichienzanisa ichi, vakawanda zvikazooneka kuti kwete nyasha chechipiri.

kupunyuka

Muna 1940, mauto eGermany wakawuya France. Lion Feuchtwanger sezvo aimbova mugari German akanga mujeri mumusasa French mutaundi Le Mill. Sezvo kubudirira Wehrmacht Army akava pachena kuti vakawanda vasungwa norufu, kana vari munyika inogarwa munharaunda. Zvino vamwe vavo zvaiendeswa kumusasa pedyo Nimes. Ikoko Lion Feuchtwanger wake zvakabatsira mudonzvo American Embassy. Ivo akadzitora magwaro venhema uye, yakazonyorwa somukadzi munyori, kunze kwenyika. Muchiitiko chino, wekuLyons nomudzimai wake vaifanira kuenda kuburikidza adventures zhinji, sezvavakanga pakutanga kwenguva refu nguva akavanda muMarseilles, uye ipapo dzakamanikidzwa inosvika kuburikidza Spain nePortugal.

Upenyu USA

Muna 1943, Lion Feuchtwanger, ane mabhuku aiva akakurumbira chaizvo muUnited States, vakagara vari Villa "Aurora" muCalifornia. Ikoko, akashanda nesimba uye akasika mabasa ake anonakidza zvikuru. Uyezve, nokuda huru yechikoro inobhadharwa kuti vaparidzi uye Studios, kuti enganonyorwa ake chakatorwa chidzitiro, Feuchtwanger akaunganidza youmbozha raibhurari zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 20 000 mavhoriyamu.

Kana vaNazi vaivenga munyori rudzi zvikonzero, pashure pehondo US akanga vaifungidzirwa rechiKomonisiti netsitsi. Panguva iyi, kamwe zvakare yakabuda sezvo kuzoita kugona Feuchtwanger, kubvira kare kare kutanga "muroyi kundovhima", iye akanyora mutambo "Kuvhiringidzwa pfungwa, kana The Dhiyabhorosi Boston," iro akataura pamusoro chando hondo uye nzira Pakurwa nayo.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Pasinei nokuti munyori Lion Feuchtwanger akanga asiri kuenda kudzokera kuGermany, nokuda kwayo Anti-hwechiFascist maonero, akanga akakurumbira zvikuru GDR. Muna 1953 akanga paakavapa mubayiro yokutanga munyika iyi mumunda mabhuku.

Muna 1957, munyori akabatwa kenza mudumbu. By Feuchtwanger kurapwa akakwezva akanakisisa wenyanzvi nguva, yakaitwa naye kuvhiya shoma. Kuedza kurarama nechirwere kwave kusingabudiriri, uye munyori akafa muna 1958 kubva munyika kubuda ropa.

pre-hondo basa

Mumakore ake kunyora basa mangwanani Lion Feuchtwanger akasika yakawanda dambe, raakanga kuongororwa sezvo panzvimbo mediocre. Zvichitevera izvi, publicist wake aifarira kunyora nyaya uye ongororo, vachibvumira sokunge kubva kunze kutarisa basa rake. Munguva imwe chete Feuchtwanger yokutanga akafunga nezvomukana pakusika chaizvo nhoroondo itsva pamusoro pamabasa ake akafuridzirwa Mann hama.

Panyaya iyi, kunyange zvazvo nyaya ndiko epochs siyana, vakabatana nemaonero ino kuburikidza prism nhoroondo. Panguva iyo chigadzirwa Lion Feuchtwanger, akanyorwa pashure peHondo Yenyika I uye Bavarian pakuru, kunyimwa aestheticism uye pedyo realism. Kazhinji zvinoratidza pachavo nedambudziko humanistic unhu mune vaiita zvechisimba. Zvikurukuru, nyaya iyi kuna yokufungidzira wokutanga, Lion Feuchtwanger uyo akanyora - ". Ugly Duchess"

Rakatevera basa munyori akava yokufungidzira "The muJudha Suess", riri kuna kuitika Germany, rechi18. Akaenda naye mbiri yose, uye panguva iyoyowo chaaipomerwa Anti-Semitism panguva imwe uye nyika chechiJudha. Vose chete zvakakurudzira kufarirwa munyori munhoroondo vanhu vake. Zvinoguma trilogy pamusoro Josephus, yakabudiswa munyika dzakawanda.

Ichokwadi kuti chido chake kuratidza modernity, kungoita izvozvo nguva, mushure kumanikidzwa kuenda kumwe kuFrance, munyori akaita yokufungidzira "Pseudo-Nero", chimiro chikuru icho vakawanda vakadzidza Führer.

Okugadzira zvinhu mumakore post-hondo

Pashure kutama kuti US munyori ndakaenda pamusoro chaizvo uye vachishingairira. Kunyanya, yokufungidzira akazviratidza muna 1947, "Makava muMunda weMizambiringa." Lion Feuchtwanger akatsanangura naye kuitika "seri noruzhinji" pakati Hondo Independence. Zvakanga post-hondo basa rake rokutanga umo vazhinji vakaona inofambirana nesangano Zvipire-Lease.

4 Makore akazotevera munyori rakanyorwa yake yakakurumbira zvikuru basa - ". Goya kana Hard Nzira Kujekerwa" Lion Feuchtwanger akarondedzera kwaari upenyu uye basa vakakurumbira Spanish Artist. The nganonyorwa kwakabudirira zvikuru pasi pose uye kakawanda filmed.

Kunyange rokupedzisira rokutonga upenyu kare kurwarisisa Feuchtwanger akaramba kusika. Kubva mangwanani kusvikira madekwana zvokutaurira kuti stenographer "Spanish ballad" Ida Mambo Spain Alfonso Eighth kusvika commoner Fermoze.