Yakanaka kwazvo Metro chiteshi, Moscow. List nhepfenyuro of Moscow Metro yakaisvonaka

Muna 1935 akazarura bazi rokutanga Moscow Metro station "Sokolniki" - "Park Kultury". kuvaka Its rakazvipira Soviet vanhu vakada firimu "Vazvipiri". Metrostroevtsy basa panguva iyoyo mumwe vanoremekedzwa zvikuru, uye zvikuru nomukurumbira, zvakare.

The yakaisvonaka kupfuura

Nepo guta vaida mu pakuvaka pevhu, uye nyaya chitarisiko veboka ravarwi haisi pamusoro wenyaya. Most yakanaka pevhu (Moscow) yakavakwa gare gare, apo nyika-weNobel akaratidza kuti nyika kwete chete mukana musimba rehondo, asi nzira youpenyu, kunyange zvishomanana zvivako pre-hondo vari pakati gumi yakaisvonaka.
Kazhinji, rose pevhu muMoscow, 44 Nhepfenyuro izvo 190 aripo kuzivikanwa sezvo zvinhu nhaka netsika, anogona kunzi kupfuura kuyevedza munyika. Mazita vaitungamirira zvinhu havasi -enderana. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mazita "Most akanaka pevhu (Moscow)" misoro "Kiev", mumwe - "Komsomolskaya", uye kumwe ari wokutanga "Arbat". Kakawanda, pane ratings zvose kundosangana chemabhazi "Komsomolskaya", "Kiev", "Revolution Square", "Mayakovskaya" uye "Novoslobodskaya". Kunyange unogona kufunga nyore kuti kana 44 dzinochengeterwa zvinhu nhaka netsika, ivo vanogona vanoti pamusoro wenyaya akanaka kwazvo. Zvingava zvakakodzera anoratidza munongedzo mumabhuraketi guru - yakawanda yakafanana nenhepfenyuro ikoko uye mune mamwe maguta Russian uye nyika kunyange pedyo.

The kukwana pakuonekwa uye vanogutsikana

"Underground wamambo", iro kufadza uye rinofadza zvachose wose uye vachashumira vanhu kwemakore, dzakavakwa kuchitendero mid-50s, kureva, kusvikira pakufa Stalin. Kazhinji achiri vachinzi sendarama yakaisvonaka yemapurisa "Mayakovskaya", uye chirongwa nayo Wenyika Fair muNew York muna 1939, akanga paakavapa ari Grand Prix.
International mibayiro paakavapa uye "Kropotkinskaya" (Grand Prix panguva pashoo muna kweBrussels muna 1951) uye "Gedhi Red" (Grand Prix muna 1938 kuParis), uye kuti mumakore iwayo, kana munyika kuvenga neSoviet kure akamboona. Saka, chaizvoizvo, mabasa aya kukwana chimiro, uye ivo chakakodzera vakapinda mabhuku enyika pamusoro mapurani.

akarasika runako

"Stalin Subway" - anonzi akanaka chiteshi dzeraundi maererano Bhanabhasi-reliefs, zvivezwa, mosaics uye akawandisa yamambo chandeliers, zita uye bhuku, rakabudiswa muna 2011, yakatsaurirwa kuchiteshi. Bhuku zvakakodzera, nekuti zvakadaro zvakawanda yepakutanga kubwinya izvi zvinhu akarasika somugumisiro rokuvakazve, kuvandudzika uye kudzora ari Stalin unhu kapoka, zvakazoita zvose zvakasikwa nerudo vakaenzana uye servility rinoparadza.

"The proletarian dzoushe"

Sezvo vazhinji pamusoro gwapa ndandanda "Most akanaka kuchiteshi" (Moscow) Zvinotora "Komsomolskaya" - rin'i - kuti nditaure nezvazvo pane pakutanga. Chaizvoizvo sokunge youmambo, uye sei zviri chete nokuda ichi Hazvizivikanwi: ". Temberi wokupedzisira Shchusev" uye "ari apotheosis kuti Stalin kuti umambo", uye
Kubva mashoko okupedzisira zviri pachena kuti panguva musoro boka ezvivako, zvirongwa, vakamira A. V. Schusev - munyori Kazan kuchiteshi building, Lenin raMwari Mausoleum nezvimwe zvivako zvakawanda yakakurumbira. Yakavhurwa 1952, riri pakati nhepfenyuro kuti "Kursk" uye "Tariro Mira". A pevhu "Komsomolskaya" kune yakavhurwa 1935 Sokolniki mutsetse. Iye inozivikanwa ari chitima wokutanga akasvika pano, uye kuti pane vaviri rakasiyana majolica ukomba akaita maererano yokunyora nokudhirowa Lansere. Muna 1952 zvakanzi chokuita kuchinjwa "Komsomolskaya" -ring. The yokupedzisira ari yakashongedzwa 8 nakisisa ukomba chokuita nomumwe dingindira - the kukunda kukuru wokuRussia mweya uye nezvombo. Zvasikwa kubva nematombo anokosha uye glazes pamusoro yokunyora nokudhirowa kubudikidza P. D. Korina.

Kuzivikanwa nenyika vemunharaunda

Saka, tinofanira kuramba kurangarira nhepfenyuro yacho Moscow Metro yakaisvonaka. Zvawanyora anogona mberi, "Mayakovskaya", akazaruka September 11, 1938. Riri pakati kwamira "Belarus '(riri kuchamhembe) uye" Tverskaya "(rwezasi) pamutsetse Zamoskvoretskaya. Riri pasi pakati guru, muna Tver mudunhu. Munyori chirongwa chirimwa ainzi pashure V. V. Mayakovskogo - nhengo Academy of Architecture of USSR, katatu weNobel pakati ari Stalin Prize Aleksey Nikolaevich Dushkin. Iye - munyori pakuvaka zvivako pevhu se "Revolution Square", "Novoslobodskaya" (pashure pehondo chirongwa), "Avtozavodskaya" uye "Kropotkinskaya".

Station piyona

Thumbnail munyori mosaics chiteshi "Mayakovskaya" pasina zvishoma akakurumbira Soviet Artist Alexander Deineka. "Mayakovskaya" ndiyo nyika yokutanga yakadzika-pamwero chiteshi (34 metres) ari mbiru mhando. Iye trehsvodnaya.
Zvinorevei? Uye chokwadi chokuti yakaisvonaka pevhu (Moscow Anozvirumbidza zhinji Kutarira mapurani zvinhu chaizvo uye nemachira chinofadza ichi mhando, asi uyu - zvechokwadi chinokosha) inoumbwa matatu makamuri - nechepakati uye vaviri lateral. Ose makamuri maviri iri pedyo ane mhete rakavhurika lining hwakavigwa mumakamuri avo vanovimba ravaigona pembiru. Saka zita design - trehsvodchataya dzaitongwa. Longitudinal Arcade achiposa noumambo chinhu.

A yakasiyana eremendi yokushongedzwa

shongedza 35 mosaics ayo akanaka yakarongwa domes, izvo riri pasirin'i zvomusoro horo, pakati pamaberere. Zvisinei, kuvaona, zvakakodzera nokungwarira achasimudza musoro. Izvi zvinoreva zvazvakashatira yemapurisa inonzi "Mayakovskaya". Zvinogona akawedzera kuti chirongwa akatanga zita chemabhazi yaiva yakasiyana - "Triumph Square", uye muriise vakafunga mu rokuItari Renaissance manyorerwo. Asi "Kupemberera Square", pasi iro kuvakwa chivako ichi akanga aronga, zita "Mayakovsky Square", pachiteshi vakagamuchira zita chete.

Ataurwa kakawanda kupfuura vamwe

Chii chinhu kakawanda iri mutsara ndandanda yokutanga "Most akanaka kuchiteshi muMoscow?" "Kiev"! Kurivhura raiva March 14, 1954. Pakutanga zvakanga agamuchirwa sendarama yakaisvonaka. N. S. Hruschevu, kare nesimba, saka aida kuchengeta wadzo zvokuvhoterwa. It rakazivisa makwikwi, uye zvirongwa 73 vakasarudzwa kuti vashande kuUkraine vanyori.
The vakatozodzokera iri nenguva kuti 300th gore pamusoro reunification rweUkraine uye Russia. The chiteshi akavhara denderedzwa mutsetse. Iyewo, nheyo yakadzika, asi pylon (kutsigira mamiriro ndivo pylons). 18 ukomba glazes shongedza Paaidzidzisa iyi mapurani art.

Beautiful uye yepakutanga

Ramba ndandanda "akanaka kwazvo Moscow Metro chiteshi," uye dzimwe nguva kunyange anoritungamirira kurudyi anogona "Revolution Square" - kurega, riri pamusoro Arbat - Pokrovskaya mutsetse, yakavhurwa 1938, 13 March. Side parutivi naye "Kursk" uye "Arbat". Zvakasiyana nevamwe Vakwikwidzi kuti musara wokutanga muna kuera kunyange kana kuti ane mukurumbira haana mosaics uye zvivezwa. 76 nhamba yendarira 18 Maberere pamusoro ndima kusvika kumhara papuratifomu. Maberere vachitsigirwa pylons (kutsigira mbiru) veboka ravarwi horo. All of zvivezwa vanomiririra vagari USSR akasiyana nguva yaro pakukura (by nezvezviitiko October 1917 kusvika musi pakagadzwa yavo 1937) uye vakaitwa wekishopu iri Leningrad boka vavezi vemabwe rinotungamirirwa Matvey Manizer. Kana ichi haisi yakaisvonaka kuchiteshi muMoscow, ipapo zvirokwazvo kupfuura yepakutanga uye chisingakanganwiki.

akakombwa mashura

Iye anodiwa Muscovites. Pane zvinotendwa zvizhinji chokuita nenhamba nendarira. Kana iwe varikwizire navo imwe nzvimbo, "halts" mufaro - saka zvivezwa vakawanda inopenya, yakabwinyiswa musabata kupfuura chimwe chizvarwa vagari nzvimbo guru. Somuenzaniso, vadzidzi varikwizire mhuno Gwaro, uye akatanga varikwizire nayo potse kubvira pakagadzwa. All imbwa mana, uye mumwe nomumwe akafukidza ari kukwenenzverwa chivheneke. Pane mifananidzo roosters - ivo kutongokwizwa kuna achiwedzera munyika muhoro.
Muchidimbu, nokuti Muscovites dzavo yemapurisa, uye vane kwazvo kwazvo kwaari. A yendarira mufananidzo munguva yehondo vakatumirwa kutama muKazakhstan. Magadzirirwo "Revolution Square" ari pylon trehsvodchatoy, hwaro zvakadzama. Zviri yezwi yemapurisa "Theatre", uye vane zvakafanana vaenzi.

The okupedzisira basa tenzi acclaimed

Wokupedzisira basa A. N. Dushkina - chiteshi "Novoslobodskaya", akazarura muna 1952 - iri dzinenge nguva dzose kuiswawo pakati pemazita mashanu anonzi "The yakaisvonaka Moscow pevhu". Photo, pasi apa, zvakazara zvinosimbisa kodzero kwayo kune imwe nzvimbo pasi rino. Uyezve, ayo akasiyana vaenzi, riri pamusoro kumugwagwa, afanane temberi yekare, mumwe pabiravira pamberi France izvo ine 6 fluted (pamwe kutwasuka grooves) pembiru. No zvishoma rakaisvonaka uye akanaka uye chains escalator dzokusanganira. The namaapuro chiteshi ichi - pylons yakadzika hwaro. "Chip" ayo kana chakajeka chinhu magadzirirwo vari anotaurwa zvakavhenekerwa vitrage 32. Vari kugadzirwa kubva girazi wokuLatvia vemifananidzo, vakakanda yakasvibiswa magirazi makereke. Original uye akarembera chandeliers. Ndinofanira wedzera kuti mumwe nomumwe nhepfenyuro yacho Moscow Metro, kunyanya avo vari midziyo nhaka netsika, muna upamhi hwazvo mapindiro akaita hwakazara, pamwe injiniya Masvomhu, ruzivo.

Mumwe "Russian Beauty"

In guta guru anoshamisa saka zvirimwa kuti yakajeka uye rainzwika Moscow, uye panguva imwecheteyo zvinhu nzvimbo outorwa. Saka, maererano vakawanda yakaisvonaka yemapurisa of Moscow Metro - "Arbat", akazarura muna 1953. Nderake chikuru yemo kuchinjana raiva pedyo nebundu. Makavakwa pamusoro rinokosha racho:-chikamu muchinjikwa ari pylon, yakadzika-pamwero chiteshi ane elliptical chimiro, manyorero mukati kushongedzwa ndohwaJehovha kuMoscow Baroque. "Arbatskaja" - iri refu kwazvo, rechipiri shure "Sparrow Hills", uye haina namahwindo maonero. Nokuda wokusarudza mavara, hazvina anotarisa mutambo chaizvo.

The kupfuura unoshamisa Zvivako zviri Stalin yaitonga

Musoro "yakaisvonaka kuchiteshi muMoscow" vangakwanisa se "Belarus" uye "Novokuznetskaya", "Taganskaya" uye "Theatre", "Kropotkin" uye "Tariro Mira", "Smolensk" nevamwe. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mumwe 44 nhaka vakaziva tsika, inogona kushandiswa pamusoro shanu kana nomwe zvakanakisisa Kumira pakati Moscow Metro. Zvakadini zvivako akavaka afa Stalin? Nguva "mizinda proletarian" vakarega pamwe norufu mutungamiriri ...

zvinhu zvitsva

The yakaisvonaka pevhu, yakavakwa muna XXI remakore - "necheSalvic Boulevard". Chakazarurwa 2008. Zvamazvirokwazvo munyika chechipiri mutoro (chete yechipiri kuna Tokyo) pevhu, zvichida, kwete runako. Asi zvino kuvakwa munyika yemaguta kunaka ravarwi, somuenzaniso muna Dubai.
Tinovimba kuti Moscow Metro, iyo ichangobva vakapemberera kwayo 80th gore uye zvino kusangana kuvaka tiguu, "Muchawana" ano, vakasununguka, misangano zvose zvinodiwa nhasi, asi panguva imwe chete akanaka zvechitima.