Yakanyatsoshanda autism: maitiro uye maitiro

Kuonekwa mumhuri yemwana ane autism kunokonzera kushungurudzika uye zvinotarisirwa pamhuri neshamwari. Kubudirira kwevana vakadaro kunowanzoenderana nekutsungirira uye kushingaira kwenharaunda yavo. Chimwe chimiro chechirwere chinoshanda kwazvo autism. Kuti chirwere ichi chinoratidzika sei, zvikonzero zvipi uye zvinongororwa zviri kuendeswa kumativi ose uye kuti ungabatsira sei mwana kutarisana nenyika yakamupoteredza ndicho chirevo chekukurukurirana kwemazuva ano.

Autism uye Highly Functional Autism

Izwi rokuti "autism" rinoreva kushungurudzika mukukudziridzwa kweuropi, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekushamwaridzana kwevanhu uye matambudziko mukukurukurirana. Zvido zvehutsika zvishoma, zviito zvinodzokororwa, kufambidzana nenyika yekunze hazvisi zvishoma.

Kushandiswa kwevhisiki yepamusoro kune imwe yemhando dzechirwere, pamusoro pekukurukurirana kwekurapa kwechirwere kuri kuitwa. Izwi rinowanzotaurwa kuti kune vanhu vane IQ yakakwirira (inopfuura 70). Nhamba yekuvandudzwa kwevatadzi vakadai inotitendera kuti tinyatsonzwisisa uye tishandise ruzivo rwekunze. Zvisinei, varwere vane VFA havaregi matambudziko mukuziva ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu, ivo vari zvishoma nezvishoma uye kazhinji vanonoka mukutaura kwekutaura.

Kurongwa

Mishonga inotsanangura autism ne etiopathogenetic zvinhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ivo vanofunga nezvekugadzirisa kwezvinokonzera uye nzira yekuvandudzwa kwechirwere. Nokuti kliniki zviratidzo zvemarudzi ose e autism akafanana, akaonekwa mune rimwe boka, iro rainzi "izwi revistism spectrum disorder." PASI inosanganisira Kanner's syndrome, kureva, maitiro akaoma evistism yekare, Asperger's syndrome (high-function autism), autism inogumira, Rett syndrome, autism isingazivikanwe yakabva kune dzimwe nyika.

Zvinokonzera Autism, Zvinokonzera Zvakanyanya Kushanda Autism

Pasinei nokuti chokwadi chechirwere chinosanganisira nhamba yakawanda yevasayendisiti, kuziva kuti chikonzero chikuru chekutanga kwe autism hachina kukwanisika. Munyaya iyi, kukurukurirana kuri kuitika. Vanachiremba havagoni kuwana mutauro wakafanana kunyange mubvunzo wekuti autism inokonzera chinokonzera chimwe chete, inoshanda pa genetics, kugadziriswa kwepfungwa uye neural connections, kana izvi zvikonzero zvakasiyana zvinoita pamuviri panguva imwe chete.

Mutoro mukuru wekubuda kwe autism inowanikwa pamagetsi. Asi pano zvakare hapana kujekesa kwakakwana. Nokuti pane kuwirirana kwemajini mazhinji uye kusarudzwa kwemajeni kuchinja kune simba.

Zvinokonzerwa ne-high-function autism hazvisi pachena zvakajeka. Chimwe chezvidzidzo zvemazuva ano munharaunda iyi zvakaratidza kuitika kwemaitiro ekusaziva mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzouropi, izvo zvinokonzera kushamwaridzana kwevanhu.

Chimwe chikonzero chezvechiremba

Mamwe masayendisiti anotenda kuti chirevo chokuti high-function autism is Asperger syndrome inokanganisa. Vanoti ivo vane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana vane zviratidzo zvakafanana. Ngatiedzei kutsanangura kuti izvo zvinokonzera izvi ndezvipi:

1. NeVFA akacherechedza kunonoka mukugadzirwa kwekutaura, kunyanya izvi zvinoonekwa kusvika kumakore matatu. NeAsperger's syndrome, hapana kutaura kunonoka.
2. Varwere neAsperger syndrome vane hutano hwakanaka kupfuura hutano neVFA.
3. Nokuti VFA inoratidzirwa nepamusoro weikufungidzirwa kweunyanzvi.
4. Varwere neAsperger's syndrome vanonyanya kuwedzera mukukudziridza unyanzvi hwakanaka hwemotokari.
5. Varwere vane VFA shoma shomanana dzemashoko asingatauri.
6. Varwere neAsperger vane mazwi epamusoro.

Uye zvisinei, izvi zviviri zvinotaridzirwa nevakawanda sechirwere chimwe nechirwere chiduku pane zviratidzo uye kubuda.

Zviratidzo. Zvisizvo zvisiri izvo

Yakanyatsoshanda autism, zviratidzo zvayo zvinokurukurwa mundima ino, dzine zviratidzo zvepanyama uye maitiro. Mhemberero dzakaitwa mumapoka makuru evarwere nemasayendisiti akasiyana, avo vakaona imwe purogiramu.

Zviratidzo zvepanyama zvinowanikwa kune vana vane VFA zvinosanganisira:

1. Dull kana kunyanyisa kunzwa pfungwa yekuona.
2. Kazhinji kamuvara.
3. Inoshaya utachiona hutachiona.
4. Kuratidzwa kwehasha dzinowedzera marwadzo.
5. Kusagadzikana kwepancreas.

Kuzvibata kusakanganisika

Kushandiswa kwevhisiki yepamusoro mune vana vane unhu hwakasiyana-siyana hwekuzvibata:

1. Matambudziko nekutaura. Kusvikira pagore vana vasingatombo kufamba, kusvika kumakore maviri izwi risiri mazwi anopfuura 15, mumakore matatu kukwanisa kubatanidza mashoko kunodziviswa. Vana havakwanisi kubudisa uye kushandisa mazita emitauro. Vanotaura pamusoro pavo pachavo mumunhu wechitatu.
2. Yakakosha kana zvachose kukanganisa kufungidzira kwevamwe nevamwe. Vana havatarisi mumaziso, usabvunza maoko, usanetseka mukupindura kumeso. Havatauri vabereki, usapindura mushonga.
3. Matambudziko mukushamwaridzana. Munharaunda yevamwe vanhu, maitiro anoshanda kwazvo evistism mumurwere anoratidzirwa nekunetseka, chido chekuvhara, kubvisa, kuvanza. Vanhu vakuru vese vanoona kutya kusingagoneki kana kufunganya.
4. Kuputika kwechisimba. Chero kusagumburwa kunokonzera autism kutsamwa, utsinye kana hutsinye. Murwere anogona kurova kana kuruma. Kazhinji kushungurudzwa kunotungamirirwa pachedu, izvi zvinoonekwa mumakumi matatu ematambudziko.
5. Vana vane hutachiona hwemotokari zvakanyanya havanakidzwi nematayipi. Havana kukwanisa kufunga nekufungidzira uye havanzwisisi zvokuita nematayipi. Asi panogona kuva nekubatana kwakasimba kune rimwe chidoti kana kune chero chinhu.
6. Nharaunda shoma yezvido. Kukwanisa kubudirira kubudirira mune imwe nzira. Kucherechedza. Chido chekuzadzisa basa rakatangwa.
7. Mutsara mukuzvibata. Kurudzira kune imwe nzira yezviito. Atypical high-functional autism, yakafanana nenzira yakawanda ye autism, inofambidzana nekudzokorora kudzokorora kweshoko rimwechete kana chiito. Mukuwedzera, varwere vanowedzera hupenyu hwavo kurongeka. Kwose kukanganisa kunokonzera kusava nechokwadi kana utsinye. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakaoma zvikuru kukurira utsinye.

Yakanyatsoshanda autism, zviratidzo zvayo zvinokurukurwa munyaya yacho, inoita kuti zvive nyore kuti mwana adzidze muchikoro chenguva dzose. Zvisinei, vabereki vanofanira kushanda zvakaoma kuita izvi.

Kufungidzira kwakapoteredza autism

Vanachiremba vakawanda nevasayendisiti vakaita basa mukutsvakurudza pamusoro pechinetso che autism. Asi iyewo akakwezva vazhinji vanyengeri. Saka, musayendisiti weBritish Andrew Wakefield akakurudzira ruzivo rwakakura mumasangano, achibudisa shanduro iyo zvirwere pamusoro pemukomana, rubella uye maserosi zvine chokuita nekugadzirwa kwevhisiri muvana. Iyi nyaya yakagamuchira mhinduro huru. Zvisinei, munguva inenge isina kubvumirwa zvachose. Asi vanopikisa vachipfuuriro vanoramba vachifungidzira kuburikidza nekutsvaga-kuongorora, kwete kutaura kuti zvakanga zvisina kururama.

Nzira yekubatsira sei mwana ane autism yakasimba-inoshanda?

Autism chirwere chisingaregi. Anofamba nemunhu muupenyu hwake hwose. Mwana wacho anokura, uye hutano hwehupenyu hwake hwevanhu vakuru hunoenderana nekusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvakapoteredza. Kana vanhu vakuru vasina kuita chirongwa chekugadzirisa uye vasina kudzidzisa mwana kuti ataurirane nevanhu vakakomberedza nezvinhu, ipapo haazombofi akazvimiririra.

Kune huwandu hwezvakataurwa pamusoro pokuti ungaronga sei upenyu hwe autistic nehuwandu hunoshanda hwechirwere. Kushandiswa kwavo kunobatsira kuwirirana kwevhisikiki nenyika yakapoteredza:

1. Ita purogiramu, unamatira purogiramu yakajeka yezuva racho, inyevera pamusoro pekupi kuchinja kusati kwaitika, kuitira kuti autist akajaira pfungwa yekushandura hutsika huripo.
2. Ziva zvinokonzera kunze. Vose mwana uye munhu mukuru ane autism yakashanda inogona kuwira mukutsvaga kubva pane zvisinganyanyi kukosha. Izvi zvinogona kuva rumwe ruvara, ruzha kana chiito. Chengetedza mumiririri wezvinhu zvinogumbura.
3. Dzidza kugadzirisa hutsanana hunowanzovapo kune varwere vane VFA. Usarega munhu wega-autistic achidzvinyirira uye aneta.
4. Chenjerera kuchengeteka panguva yevanonyengedza. Bvisa zvinhu zvose zvinokuvadza kubva panzvimbo yekuwana.
5. Usashevedzera uye usavhundutsa munhu wevoti, usatsoropodza zviito zvake. Izvi zvinowedzera kuora mwoyo, uye murwere haangakwanisi kudzikama kwenguva refu.

Usarega rubatsiro rwevadzidzi vepfungwa, kutaura mazano uye kururamisa zvirongwa. Ichabatsira mwana ane autism yakashanda zvikuru kuti agadzirise zvishoma munyika yakaoma uye ine utsinye kwaari.