Yavaibvisa hypochlorite: ehupfumi, kugadzira, kushanda

Ukaenda kuna kuchitoro kunotenga mishonga hembe. On the echiShinto vari hombodo dzemvura mavara akasiyana uye hukuru, asi nomuzvarirwo ruoko zvinotora mudziyo kuti "sechando" - zvichida kupfuura akakurumbira pakati Madzimai epamusha dhibi. Zvino ari munzira kuenda keshiya muchida kuverenga yakanyorwa naErich. "Mvura, ipapo-se ... Uye chii yavaibvisa hypochlorite?" - kuti mwero pfungwa akaita izvi uye vakagumburwa zita risingazivikanwi. Mazuva ano Nyaya ndichaita kuda kuziva kwako.

tsananguro

Yavaibvisa hypochlorite (NaOCl payakavakirwa) chiri inorganic remubatanidzwa yavaibvisa munyu hypochlorous acid. Uyewo, anogona kunzi "labarrakovoy / zhavelevoy mvura," kana kungoti "yavaibvisa hypochlorite".

ehupfumi

Izvi mukomboni ane kusagadzikana muchimiro Hauoneki crystalline fuma kureva nyore yaora kunyange mukana tembiricha. Panguva iyi, okisijeni vasunungurwa, uye kana zvinhu imwe tembiricha muwedzere ⁷⁰ ° C, maitiro achabatsirwa pakuputika. Zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura, yavaibvisa hypochlorite - ane simba chaizvo oxidant. Vakadya kwachiri achiwedzera hydrochloric acid, ipapo kuumbwa mvura, yavaibvisa chloride uye kuiisa chlorine gasi. Uye zvakaitwa carbon dioxide inobvisa ine two chilled mhinduro yacho fuma pasi kukurukurirana zvino makagamuchira sanganisa hypochlorous acid.

Kugadzirira Sodium hypochlorite

remubatanidzwa ichi rwaiwanikwa panguva zvakaitwa kuiisa chlorine gasi pamwe yavaibvisa hydroxide rakasanganiswa nemvura. To muvhenganiswa ichi anosiiwa yavaibvisa chloride, zvakanzi dzaserera ^kuti 0 ° C, zvino rikawira somunhu sludge. Kana uchida kuchengeta mhinduro ine yavaibvisa hypochlorite pasi ezvinhu yakaderera tembiricha (-40 ° ^C) uye zvadaro akapfupikisa panguva ^-5 ° C, ipapo muitiro rinopedzisa paumbwe pentahydrate yavaibvisa hypochlorite. A mumbure ichi crystalline munyu zvaanofanira dehydrate muna Vacuum pamberi sulfuric acid. Zvisinei, mune izvi, yavaibvisa hydroxide kuchatsiviwa kwayo zvinobudirira carbonate. Ipapo zvakaitwa zvigadzirwa haangavi chete kuva mhinduro yacho achida pfuma uye yavaibvisa chloride, asiwo rehydrogen chete simbi. Akakurukura fuma iri zvino makagamuchira mune zvakaitwa karusiyamu hypochlorite pamwe yavaibvisa carbonate. Munzira idzi anogadzirwa murabhoritari. Asi maindasitiri dzokubvisa kubudisa yavaibvisa hypochlorite zvakasiyana zvachose. Ikoko anogadzirwa nenzira mbiri: mishonga - Via chlorination hydroxide zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura chinhu ichi - uye electrochemical - nokuda electrolysis ane aqueous mhinduro kuti yavaibvisa chloride. Mumwe nemumwe azvaiitwa ine yayo quirks ose, asi zvikuru kudzidza panguva Institute.

kunyoresa

fuma iyi kunokosha pakuderedza ari indasitiri. Izvi rasskazatat nyore achibatsirwa patafura:

mhedziso

Above Takatambanudzira chete munzvimbo huru apo yavaibvisa hypochlorite inoshandiswa. It anopindura 91% of kugadzirwa yeimwe izvi pamusoro musika nyika. Pasina fuma iyi haisi kwakakwana uye nezvimwe maindasitiri mazhinji. Asi yavaibvisa hypochlorite nokuda kwayo toxicity zvinoda chaizvo kuchenjerera mukugadzirisa.