ZIL-134: tsanangudzo

ZIL-134 inyanzvi yakawanda yechinangwa chekutengesa, yakagadzirwa mumakore makumi mashanu emakore ekupedzisira muU.SR. Iyi motokari yakanga yakasiyana nekuvapo kwezvinhu zvitsva panguva idzodzo, zvakadai se -multi-link kusimamiswa, kutengesa kwepakati kwemasipire nevamwe. Mukutaura kwehutano hwekuvandudza kwekombiki iyi kwemakumi emakumi emakore, aitarisira kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemotokari dzomumusha dzine ruzivo rwakakwirira.

Izvo zvakasikwa masangano emiti yakasiyana-siyana yemotokari muUSSR, kutanga pakati pe1950s, yakatanga kushingaira kukura uye kuvaka zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurumende yezvidziviriro. Pakati pemasangano aya aive SKB Likhachev Plant. Musoro webasa racho raiva injini inonyatsozivikanwa Vitaly Grachev.

Imwe motokari chaiyo yose

Muna 1955, pasi pehutungamiri hweGrachev, nyanzvi dzeZIL dzakagadzira muenzaniso wekuedza weZIS-E134 zvombo zvekare. Akava mufananidzo we "nhamba imwe" uye aiva neunyanzvi hunoshamisa uye unyanzvi hwehutano. Kuva neruzivo pakugadzira midziyo yakadaro, vashandi vekugadzira vakatanga kuvaka ZIL-134. Yakanga yakarongwa kuti motokari iyi ichange iine magetsi arterery terekta ATK-6.
Imotokari yechina-axle yose-yepamusoro, gumbo rinenge riri 8x8, rakagadzirirwa kutsvaga marara akasiyana-siyana nemimwe midziyo inorema kusvika pamatanhatu matanhatu pane nzvimbo dzakashata. Pavhu rakavhara motokari yacho yakakonzera ku 7,2 mamata ezviremba. Ari mumugwagwa une dambudziko guru - mitoro nemashambadzi kusvika kusvika gumi nematanhatu. Mukuwedzera, kusvika kuvanhu vasere vanogona kugara mukati memotokari, pamwe chete kusvika pamatani mana emitoro. Izvi zvaidiwa zvakabva zvangofananidzwa chete nekaterpillar teknolojia.

Zvisinei, injini dzakakwanisa kukura chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Mukugadzirwa kweZIL-134, nyanzvi dzezvigadzirwa zvepamhizha dzakabudirira mukushandura pfungwa dzakafambira mberi uye dzakapfuura, izvo zvakashandiswa mukuita. Kuita kuti ivhu rakanyanya kure-nzira, bhiriji rimwe nerimwe rinotyaira rakanga riri parutivi rwakadaro kubva kune mumwe. Saka, mabhiriji mana akaiswa nepakati pe 1450 mm.

Cabhini nemidziyo yayo

Iyo jongwe yakanga yakarongedzerwa zvakakwana pamberi payo. Simba rekugadzira rakaiswa shure kwayo. Kuwedzera kwese kumativi ose kwakanga kusinganyanyi. Nzira yakasimudzwa yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasimbiswa zvakasimba nyore nyore kumirisana nemitoro yakakomba. Nzvimbo yacho, yakagadzirirwa hondo yekuverenga, inogona kuve yakagadzirwa neArcs, pamwe netende. Kana zvichidikanwa, izvi zvose zvinogona kubviswa.

Mamiriro okunze anodiwa mukati mekambani yevatatu vatatu (iyo, nenzira, yakaratidzwa zvakanaka) yakachengetedzwa nezviputi zvakabatana nehutori hwehutachiona hwemasimba. Zvipfeko nemashure zvinoshanduka nyore nyore kuva nzvimbo mbiri dzaunokwanisa kurara zvakanaka. ZIL terekta padenga rekambani yakanga ine manhole.

Pasi pehood

Imotokari ipakitare ine mana yekuisa motokari uye gumbo urongwa hwe 8x8. Makumbo mana ari mberi anotsika. Pamusimwa, injini yakagadzirirwa zvakananga iyi yemotokari yose. Pasi pehood hove pane injini yeZIL-134 V12-gasoline unit, iyo yakatanga kuiswa mushure mekuwana E134. Nhamba yei 12-cylinder monster yaiva 10,4 malita. Simba rejini - 240 hp Pakati pese, simba rekushandisa raiva maitiro maviri ekuongorora E-80-V cylinder V. Nezvinhu zvose zvitsva izvo zvakaitwa mune injini iyi, yakashanda chaizvo isina kuvimbika.
Pamusana pekusavhiringidzika kwepamusoro uye kusagadzikana mukati mekudzivirira, magetsi uye pistoni zvinowanzopiswa. Uyewo, nguva yekugadzirisa nguva yakakundikana. Pamwe chete neizvi, kuparara kwemazamu ebetsero nguva dzose kwakaonekwa, vakaputika uye vakapisa gaskets mumutsangiri musoro. Nesimba rezita remasimba 240, mazita chaiwo aiva 200 hp chete. Ichi chakanga chisina kukwana kuti tive nerutivo rwakakodzera uye simba.

Zvikamu zvepakutanga mumugadziro

Simba rekugadzira raive rakagadzirirwa mashandiro matsva nemaitiro - zvakakwana zvachose. Uyu ipiriti ye centrifugal yekuchenesa zvakanaka, hydropushers. Iyo yakashandiswa inoshandisa inertial starter, inotangira-heater, inoshandisa zvose pamagetsi uye pane peteroli. Akaita kuti zvive nyore kutanga injini inotonhora. Iyo injini yakanga yakagadzirirwawo nevharivha yokuvhara clutch. Yakanga ichitungamirirwa zvisiri nyore, ine zvigadzi zviviri uye tangi yokuwedzera.

Twin brother

Kunze kwega, motokari iyi inenge ichidzokorora mitsara uye zvinhu zveMinsk yose-gumbo motokari yemabhiza MAZ-535.

Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa muMinsk Assembly uye Design Bureau muna 1954 gore. Ikopi yekutanga yakapihwa mharidzo yakabudiswa muna 61. Imotokari yakagadzirwa kwemakore matatu, mushure mokunge yakatsiviwa nechekare yakakura yekutengesa mitambo 537. Minsk yepamusoro-motokari yemotokari yakanga ine motokari imwe yemagetsi uye magetsi. Kusiyanisa kwaingova mune zvekugadzira zvinhu, uye kunyange zvishoma zvishoma.

Automatic transmission

Kufambisa kweZIL-134 kwakanyatsogadziriswa nekuvapo kwekutengesa kwega-ega, ndizvo. Kunyanya kukodzera yaiva gearbox gear automatic pamigwagwa. Kudengenyeka kwemotokari yose yepamunda kwakange kune mafundo maviri - hydrotransformer, uyewo bhokisi rejasi pamatanho matatu. CAT - planetary type.

Kufanana kwekudya kwemukati kusvika kuchiteshi chekushaira kwakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekushandisa mapepa maviri-mashandisi ekupa mabhokisi. Muchiitiko ichi, pakanga pane basa rekuparadzanisa kwepamberi nemashure mabhokisi.
Kusiyana kune rimwechete-gadziriro emakona makuru aive akachengetedzwa nemagetsi ekugadzirisa. Kwapera nguva pfupi paTractor yekare akaisa maitiro akazvidzivirira oga. Panguva dzakasiyana, marudzi akasiyana akashandiswa.

Muchifambiso chepamberi mabhiriji akashandisa yakakwana pane iyo nguva majoti ebhola wePts, iyo inofanirwa iyo ndeyokuti inofanirana. Kuti kuwedzere kuburitsa pa 470 mm, mavhiri acho aiva nemakumbo.

Running character

Smooth runomhanya uye yakakwirira kushanda kunze kwemigwagwa uye munzvimbo dzine utsinye iyi motokari yakapiwa kusimiswa kuzvimiririra. Injiniya dzakashandisa i-lever-torsion system uye tereecopic shock absorbers. Nzira yekusimudzirwa yaiva 220 mm. Simba re hydraulic amplifier rakashandiswa kushandura mairi maviri maviri apamberi engoro.

Brake system uye rubber

Kuti iyo motokari inorema inogona kuderedzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, injinjini dzakagadzira mabheki chaiwo. Saka, mishonga inosungirirwa nemakumbo emakumbo. Sezvo motokari yavo inoshandiswa pneumohydraulic system.

Imotokari yakanga yakagadzirirwa matairi chaiwo ane masvingo mashoma. Zvavanoita zviri mu-ultra-low pressure. Simba rerubha ndiro 16.00-20.00. Kushingaira mukati mavo kwakabva kune 0.5 kusvika ku 1,25 kg / cm2. Dambudziko rekumanikidzirwa rakachengetedzwa uye rakashandurwa nekushandisa uchishandisa system centered. Izvi zvakakonzera kukanganisa nekufambisa unhu hwetakiti. Ngoro yacho inogona kutama kunyange kana thiri racho rakatorwa kana kuti ine lumbago.

Mushandira wacho wakanga wakagadzirirwa kutora doro nemichina yakasara-tara uye kusunungurwa kwechisimba kwekambani. Yakanga yakaiswa pakati pechitatu neyechipiri motokari. Izvo zvinoshandiswa uye hutsika hwemotokari yehutori yakagadziriswa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvikamu zvinoputika pasi nechepamusoro. Muviri wakanyatsoiswa chisimbiso chose, izvo zvakabvumira kunyange zvipingamupinyi zvemvura pamusoro pemotokari yemugwagwa.

Pamuedzo

Mumwaka wechando muna 1957, uye panguva yegore, motokari mbiri dzakagadzirwa nevanyanzvi vekugadzirwa kwemahofisi emusidha weKakhachev. Vakaratidza migumisiro yakaisvonaka muongororo. Ita terekta ATK-6 yekunze-mumugwagwa unyanzvi huwandisa zvakadzama muenzaniso we serial wechando cheZIL-157. Kupera kwacho kwakanyatsokonzerwa nevhiribase yemotokari (1450 + 1450 mm). IAV yaive inenge iri pasi pezvikwata zvinokambaira. Kana iri yevheji yepamhanho yemugwagwa, motokari yakapfuura ZIL-157 nemagetsi GAZ-47 uye AT-C motokari. Pakuzara mutoro terekta inogona kukurira nyore nyore kukwira kwemasero anodarika 40, mabhesi ane upamhi hwe 1.5 m, escarp murefu mamita 1.

Pamusana peimba yakanyatsoiswa chisimbiso, mishonga inongopfuura nyore, zvisinei nokuti yakadzika sei. Imotokari yakakwanisa kufamba mumvura panguva yakadzika, inenge 2-3 km / h.
Mushonga wacho unogona kukwevera mapurisa pamwe chete, kutora ndege dzinorema makumi manomwe.

Mamwe data

Kureba kwemotokari yaiva 7160 mm, yakafara - 2700 mm, kureba - 2650. Kuvhara kurema kwemotokari-10 600 mm. Zvose zvinorema zvakasvika kusvika gumi nematanhatu. Nekutakura simba, motokari yose yepamunda yakakwanisa kumira mutoro wematani 4. Girabhubase is 1450 + 1450 + 1450 mm. Iyo inoshandiswa pamotokari yekufambisa kune nzvimbo yakaoma kunze kwekutakura mitoro ine 59 litres pamakiromita 100 kubva munzira. Uwandu hwetangi ye petrol yaiva 500 malita.

Mhedziso

Saka, takawana kuti ZIL-134 ine unyanzvi hupi. Sezvaunogona kuona, iyi imotokari ine nhoroondo inofadza. Urarame kuti uone zviitiko zvakadaro zvino hazvibviri.