Zviitiko muKaliningrad uye munharaunda

Rimwe remaguta anonakidza uye ekare eRussia, pasina mubvunzo, ndiKaliningrad. Zviitiko zvinopoteredza guta racho zvinonakidza uye zvakapfuma. Chokwadi! Mushure mezvose, unogona kushanyira Amber Museum yakakura kupfuura nyika yose, kushanyira guva remunhu mukuru wefilosofi, kutenderera kuburikidza nemasara eimwe yemaguta akawanda emaguta.

Vakawanda mabhuku anoenda kuKaliningrad kubva kuMoscow, St. Petersburg, Pskov, Poland uye kuBaltic States. Ngatitangei kuguta iri risina kujairika uye rekare!

Kaliningrad iguta kuburikidza nemakore

Kaliningrad iguta risina kujairika. Mhepo yeEurope pano inonzwika chaizvo pamatanho ose. Kaliningrad, kana Koenigsberg, sezvainowanzozonzi, inhoroondo yakafuma uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza. Ndosaka zvikepe zveKaliningrad zvakakurumbira uye zvinodiwa nhasi.

Guta rine nzvimbo yakakosha yenzvimbo, nokuti iyi inharaunda ndiyo enclave pakati peLithuania nePoland uye haisi nzvimbo yakabatana neveRussia yose. Ukuwo rumwe rutivi, izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvechirongwa zveRussia neEuropeya zvinokwevera vatashanyi vazhinji vanobva kunyika dzakapoteredza.

Nhoroondo yeguta yakatanga muzana remakore gumi nematatu, apo pano, pamahombekombe egungwa, Teutonic castle yakaiswa. "Gomo reRoyal" (kana, muGermany, Königsberg) - iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mapurisa emakore ekupedzisira anonzi nzvimbo ino. Anenge panguva imwe chete kune nzvimbo dzakasimba mumisha yevakidzani. Zvose izvi maguta ekare zvinosanganiswa nhasi mumafambiro akawanda akakomberedza Kaliningrad neKaliningrad.

Nokufamba kwenguva, nhare yakashandurwa kuva taundi duku umo kereke iri kuvakwa, yunivhesiti iri kuiswa. Nokukurumidza Koenigsberg anova nzvimbo inokosha yeEast Prussia. Somugumisiro weHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, guta racho raiva chikamu cheU.SR uye rakanzizve Kaliningrad. Zvinosuruvarisa, akatambura zvikuru kubva kubasa rehondo: inenge 80% yezvivako zvekare zvakaparadzwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane chimwe chinhu chokuona vatasvi nhasi.

Zviitiko zveKaliningrad zvinotungamirirwa, sekutonga, nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vanoverenga, avo vanofarira nyika yavo yekuzvarwa. Nokudaro, ivo vachakwanisa kutaura zvakawanda kune vatashanyi uye vose vashanyi veguta reBaltic.

Mazuva ano Kaliningrad: kuona, zvikepe

Zvinhu zvinozivikanwa zvikuru pakati pevashanyi muguta racho ndeyeAmber Museum, iyo Cathedral ine guva refilosofi Immanuel Kant, iro rega "Fish Village", pamwe chete nenhare dzinochengetedza dzezana remakore rechina reXIX. Rwendo rwekuona hukuru rweKaliningrad, sekutonga, runosanganisira kushanyira zvose izvi zvinofadza.

Vashanyi veguta vanowanzokwezva kune masangano emunharaunda. Saka, muKoenigsberg, mazariro akawanda akanyanya, akagadzirwa muBritain kana muchiChirungu, uko iwe unogona kutora tinctures yakaisvonaka nemabiko. Zviitiko zvinopoteredza Kaliningrad uye nharaunda hazvisi kufamba chete mumigwagwa yekare uye kutenderera kwemahombekombe, asiwo kushanyira kune huzhinji hwakanaka hwezvisikwa hwakawanda munzvimbo ino. Asi nzvimbo idzi dzichakurukurwa zvishoma gare gare. Iye zvino tava kunyatsoziva zviratidzo zvinonakidza muguta.

Nzira dzinozivikanwa zvikuru muKaliningrad dzinosanganisira kushanyira kune inonzi Kant Island nechechi yepamusoro yezana remakore reXIV, nhare "King Friedrich-Wilhelm I", Fish Village, inoratidza vatasvi vemasuo eguta rekare uye zvakasara zvezvikamu. Vakawanda vanofarirawo zvikuru kushanyira Amalienau - nzvimbo inofanirwa kunzwa nayo mweya wekare wePrussian Königsberg.

The State Museum of Amber

Zviitiko zveKaliningrad zvakaoma kufungidzira pasina kushanyira iri sangano rakasiyana. Ndiyo musimamende yakakura kupfuura mamwe ose munyika, pamwe chete netsika yemhando yemhando iyi iri munyika, yakatsaurirwa kune imwe mineral. Uye chii!

Amber, sezvinozivikanwa, ndiro resin yemiti yemiti, iyo mamiriyoni emakore apfuura akange ari mumvura yegungwa uye yakachinjwa kuva iyi iri mukati kusvika mumvura yakasimba. Imamziyamu yakavhurwa muna 1979 mushongwe yeDon.

Kune makamuri makumi maviri nemasere umo iwe unogona kuona zvidimbu zveamber zvinorema kusvika ku 4 kilogram, uye pamwe nezviri zviviri zvezvinhu kubva mairi. Aya ndiwo mifananidzo, zvifananidzo, ndiro, zvishongedzo, mhando dzezvikepe nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Fish Village uye Island of Kant

Musha wekurovedza ndewe nhoroondo uye nhoroondo uye tsika, nzvimbo inofarira nzvimbo yezororo kune vagari veKaliningrad nevashanyi veguta racho. Inoshanda pazvisikwa zvayo yakatanga muna 2006. Iyi yakaoma yezvivako zvakavakwa muGerman style, iyo iri pamhenderekedzo yeRwizi Pregoli, pakati peHigh and Honey Bridges. Pakati rinosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana. Aya mahotera, maresitorendi, mahoitorendi, shongwe yekucherechedza, ruzivo uye zvemitambo uye yezvivaraidzo nzvimbo.

Nhamba yakawanda ndeyekukwezva kweguta - Island of Kant neKathedral Gothic Cathedral, yakavakwa muna 1380. Chivako chitsvene chakakanganiswa zvikuru panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Iye zvino chivako chinoshumira semuziyamu uye imba yekambani.

Muna 1804, muzivi mukuru weGermany Immanuel Kant akavigwa muguva rekereke. Makore makumi maviri gare gare chimwe chimiro chinonzi mausoleum nebhokisi rebwe rakavakwa pedo netembere mukukudza mutongi. Zvisinei, Kant pachake haana kuvigwa mairi.

Nhare dzeKoenigsberg

Guta renhoroondo yaro rakapinda rusvingo katatu: muna XIV, XVII ne XIX yezana remakore. Munguva yekupedzisira yekudzivirira nguva, simba rine zvigadziro, masuo eguta nemasvingo zvakasikwa. Yokupedzisira yakavakwa zvidimbu 15. Izvo zviri zviviri zviri kurudyi uye kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rwePugol.

Chii chinonakidza: Hondo Yenyika Yenyika Ichokwadi yakapfuura Kaliningrad, saka nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeguta hadzina kutambura. Asi panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, ivo, zvisingadikanwi zvakakwana, vakashandiswa nekuda kwechinangwa chavo. Madziro akasimba emasvingo ane simba aigona kumirisana kunyange kukanganisa kwakananga kwe 305 mm mapolisa!

Nhare yakanyanya muguta racho yaiva Fort N3 (zita rekare ndiKvednau). Mazuva ano inoshanyira zvakasimba nevashanyi.

Nzvimbo dzinonakidza munzvimbo yeKaliningrad

Nyika yeKaliningrad haisi inonakidza uye inopfuma mune zvitsva kupfuura nzvimbo yayo yepakati. Kufarira kune vatashanyi imataundi maduku enyika ino: Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk, Baltiysk nevamwe.

Guta reSvetlogorsk ndiro rokutanga uye rinonyanya kugadzirwa nekuzivikanwa uye kwekare kumhenderekedzo yeBaltic. Pane imwe nguva imomo akararama munyori Thomas Mann uye munyori wenhau Hoffmann. Uye muguta racho mune nhengo yakanaka, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda kweinzwi raro mumhenderekedzo yeBaltic. Svetlogorsk zvishamisika zvakachengetedzwa zvakachengetedzwa, kunyange makore akapera ehondo haana kuzvibata.

Rimwe guta rinofadza zvikuru munharaunda yeKaliningrad ndiBaltiysk. Heino nzvimbo yakanaka yekufamba, nzvimbo yakakosha yePillau uye inonakidza Museum yeBaltic Fleet.

Curonian Spit: kuenda kuKaliningrad

The Curonian Spit inzvimbo yakasikwa yakasikwa iri makiromita 50 kuchamhembe kweKaliningrad. "Uumambo hwegungwa, matope uye manzwi emarudzi" - sezvazvakatsanangura nzvimbo iyi yekudenga Wilhelm von Humboldt.

Mucheka wejecha unotarira makiromita 98. Nhasi iyo yakaparadzaniswa pakati pemiti mbiri - Russia neLithuania. Iyo yakawanda yeCononianonian Spit yakareba kubva mamita mazana mana kusvika kumakiromita mana.

Vane geographer vanotaura kuti hapana akaenzana kune dzidzo yepanyama muEurope yose. Panzvimbo duku yepasi iwe unogona kuona inowanikwa denga uye tundra landscapes. Iko pano kuti dune rakakwirira uye rokumusoro- dune reEfa riripo, kureba kwayo kunosvika mamita makumi matanhatu.

Nguva dzekupfira kubva kuKaliningrad dzakarongeka nguva dzose. Pamakiromita 37 emugwagwa vatashanyi vose vanomira kuti vaone nemeso avo chikamu chisina kujairika chemasango emapine - iyo inonzi inodha musango. Miti yemiti yemunharaunda yacho yakakomberedzwa uye yakanyengedzwa nenzira inoshamisa. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti chikonzero chechiitiko ichi chisingazivikanwi ndeye mhondi yechando ichipukunyuka, iyo inofudza nezvepical buds yepine pine shoots, inokanganisa kuwedzera kwavo kukura.

Kufamba kubva kuKaliningrad kuenda kuPoland

Mapolisi nemaGermany anowanzotarirwa kune vaKoenigsberg vekare. Kune rumwe rutivi, Kaliningradians inodawo kushanyira nyika dzakapoteredza sevashanyi. Saka, kuenda kuPoland kubva kuKaliningrad kunozivikanwa zvikuru pakati peRussian. Mushure mezvose, iko kukanda kwedombo kumucheto wekumaodzanyemba kwenyika, uye pashure payo - zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza!

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kukurudzira guta rePoland yeGdansk nevakawanda vemazuva ano emagadzirirwo emamiti. Makiromita makumi matanhatu kumaodzanyemba komuganhu ndiro guta reOlzztyn, muimba iyo Nikolai Copernicus aigara uye akashanda. Yakanaka zvikuru Elblong nemachechi ayo eGothic uye zvivakwa zvekare zvekare.

Mukupedzisa ...

Kaliningrad, zviratidzo, mafurati, kutarisa ... Aya ose mazwi anonyatsobatanidzwa pamwe chete. Guta remazuva ano rakaoma zvikuru kufungidzira pasina vafambi nevashanyi vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeRussia, uyewo kubva kuPoland, Lithuania, Germany.

Zviitiko zvinotarisana neKaliningrad uye neKaliningrad munharaunda zviri kuve yakakurumbira uye inoda. Kune "zvishanu pamusoro" zvezvikwangwani zveguta zvinogona kunzi inonzi Cathedral, iyo Museum of Amber, iyo "Central Village", Fort N 3 "King Friedrich-Wilhelm I", guta reZoo, Amalienau - nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yakanaka yePrussia.

Uyewo inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyekuenda kune Curonian Spit kubva kuKaliningrad, uye kune mamwe maguta emunharaunda - Baltiysk, Svetlogorsk, Zelenogradsk.