Zvirimwa vava pollinating nyuchi marobhoti?

Munhuwo Nyuchi pollinate pamusoro chetatu zvinomera zvose zvaparadzwa nevanhu sezvokudya. Zvisinei, nokuda zvikuru anokuvadza, simba uye zvinowanzoshandiswa zvipembenene ari neonicotinoid anotsanangura nyuchi dzaitongwa vakatanga kufa panze aine guru uye zvinotyisa nokukurumidza.

richikwidibira

Nyuchi vari kufa muna zviuru uye mazana ezviuru pamusana pokurwara, kurasikirwa rakachengeteka dzinogarisana uye chirwere kuparadzwa nyuchi - kutanga umo Nyuchi vanosiya misha yavo, vachisiya zvokudya chete zvinokwana kukura vaduku nyuchi uye mambokadzi kuramba utano. Nyuchi kuparadzwa chirwere ngozi kwazvo kwete chete nokuda uchi kugadzirwa, asiwo zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu zvipenyu kuti kuvimba basa nenyuchi nyuchi.

nemavhairasi siyana uye kunokuvadza makemikari chepfu kunotungamirira kuti kupfuura-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu Nyuchi vakarasika muminda uye kuwana nzira mukoko. Kare, uwandu yakarasika nyuchi haapfuuri chimwe muzvitatu.

The zvikonzero

Kushandiswa kwakapararira inokuvadza mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene uye zvipembenene, kunyanya ane neonicotinoid anotsanangura, zvinotungamirira muchetura uye zvirwere Nyuchi. Recently kwave kwesayenzi hwokuti neonicotinoid zvipembenene vari chokuita zvikuru kuwedzera zviitiko, chirwere nokuparadzwa nyuchi.

Chimwe chinokosha chikonzero kutsakatika honeybees ndivo tupukanana nezvimwe utachiona. Kubva India Varroa pamuShuramiti Varroa uye ngozi kwete chete nokuti hunokonzera nekuvhiri- ngika nyuchi, asiwo chokwadi chokuti chaizvo nyore kuchinja chero pakuedza kuiparadza. mites izvi regai kumuuraya pachavo kushanda nyuchi, asi mazana dzavo parasitic pamusoro, zvichiita kuti chokwadi kuti mwana nokupera. Zvichida nemhaka yeizvi, nyuchi nyika uye siya.

migumisiro

Kusvibisa nokuda kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza uye chirimwa mishonga, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu, yakadzikama chirwere chitsva, dzimwe mhando nyuchi ichawedzerwa pamazita kwemarudzi akatyisidzirwa kutsakatika.

Zvirwere, rwakakwana maitiro uye kutsakatika Nyuchi - kutoti yose chakajairika, uye ayo neshekeri uye nokukurumidza kumanikidzwa kwete chete kune masayendisiti asiwo muhurumende munyika nezvezvakaziviswa inogona kukanganisa kune zvokurima uye zvinhu zvipenyu. Chokwadi chokuti haana chete nyuchi dziri tikatyisidzirwa kutsakatika, asi mamwe marudzi kungozvifunga, kusanganisira namambo shavishavi.

dziviriro matanho

Hurumende US akapa nyika nzira kuchengetedza mukume, maererano icho kwakarongwa 2025 kuita zvinotevera results:

• kudzorera utano Nyuchi nyuchi;
• kuwedzera uwandu kungozvifunga-Eastern madzimambo kusvika mamiriyoni 225 vanhu;
• kuvandudza uye yakachena kubva mishonga hectares mamiriyoni matatu munyika kupa dzakachengeteka nzvimbo pamusoro mukume.

Zvisinei, inobva Zvakaitika Province of Ontario, Canada, kucheneswa wenyika kubva neonicotinoids kungava kwakaoma, uye muna 2025 chingasava pollination kwakakwana vazadze nzvimbo.

kurambidzwa neonicotinoids

In Ontario, hurumende dzematunhu asarudza kuderedza kushandiswa inokuvadza zvipembenene ne 80% kubudikidza 2017, nokuti kare kwakakonzera kufa kwemamiriyoni nyuchi.

Kamwe wakasimwa muvhu kudyara mbeu kubatwa neonicotinoid zvipembenene, ivo emit kukuvadza nyuchi uye dzimwe mukume mishonga yose yose nguva kukura kwayo. Izvi zvinopesana akaigadzira zvokurarama kubudiswa, uyo vakati makemikari nokuputsanya usakanganisa mararamiro.

Zvinoumba kwemishonga yezvipembenene dzakadaro aonekwa muvhu uye miti. Mukuwedzera, kungoda mishonga izvi anowanikwa kunyange musango, havashandisi zvipembenene. The ndechokuti nyuchi munguva pollination kutakura kubva chimwe chirimwa izvi zvinhu kune mumwe, saka kuparadzira makemikari. Asi ichi hachisi akaipisisa. Izvi zvinokuvadza vari ipapo wakatuma mukoko wenyuchi, iyo kukuvadza yose yaitongwa.

kwesayenzi matanho

Nepo hurumende dziri kuedza kuva vanoshingaira uye vanobudirira nzira, vatsvakurudzi haana kuramba pakachengeteka ichimirira. Vari uchitsvaga dzimwe nzira kuti kugadzirisa dambudziko.

Vaongorori paHarvard University ndakasika munhu robhoti diki, pakukura nyuchi, rinogona kubvisa uye kuyengerera chinhambwe pfupi pamusoro pasi.

itsva magadzirirwo mashoko dzakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi Science uye vanomiririra robhoti mutsva somunhu mamwe danho munzira zvakawanikwa, kukwanisa aponese mararamiro uye zvokurima. New Chidhori chinogona kwete kubvisa uye kuyengerera pamusoro pasi, asi takura mukuru uremu kupfuura kwokutanga kugadzirwa.

Masayendisiti vaishanda kwaainge shanduro robo-nyuchi, zvakati nezvinetso, sezvo zvakaoma kusika munhu robhoti kuti anogona kuva chiedza zvakakwana kuti kuyangarara vakananga mudenga uye asingauyi kukuvadza akatunhidzwa nemamiriro ruva. Zvisinei, akapa achangopfuura mberi, masayendisiti chivimbo chokuti, vakapiwa mari vachakwanisa mune gumi anotevera kuti pave yemazuva ano-yemhando marobhoti anogona pollinate zvirimwa pachinzvimbo nyuchi.

The ndingangokuvara pollination zvidhori

Akapiwa chokwadi kuti hurumende nyika vakawanda zvikuru hanya kutyisidzira zvokurima kupfuura pachavo nenyuchi, kuti ndingangokuvara mari vakadaro Michina muzvirongwa inowedzera zvikuru.

Zvisinei, robo-nenyuchi kusvikira yava yakanaka mhinduro. Vachiri haagoni kushanda sezvinoita munhu mukoko kana rose yaitongwa. Kuti zvechokwadi kutora nzvimbo nyuchi, ivo marobhoti vanofanira kukwanisa kuita basa kwete chete vakazvimirira, asi ekufambisa nevamwe marobhoti, izvo zvinofanira kuva kanenge mazana ezviuru. Uyezve marobhoti kunge vachiri vakashinga uye vachikwanisa kuchinja kunosiyana ezvinhu, kana kutadza kana kurasikirwa vakawanda marobhoti achabudiswa mumatauriro pabasa rose boka.

Zvose izvi zvakaoma chaizvo kufunga uye kuvandudza, ndokusaka masayendisiti achisimbirira kuti robo-nyuchi vanofanira chete chokupedzisira uye hurumende inofanira kuva nehanya zvikurukuru pakuchengetedza utano Nyuchi kurarama uye kutamburira pamwe chirwere nokuparadzwa nyuchi.

Sei kuponesa nyuchi?

Zvakawanda ichangobva tsvakurudzo pamusoro zvinokonzera kutsakatika nyuchi Fani rinobatanidza kuti kushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga yezvipembenene nezvimwe zvinokuvadza makemikari.

Rakabudiswa muna June chidzidzo Harvard masayendisiti neonicotinoids zvakananga richibatanidza pamwe chirwere nokuparadzwa nyuchi uye rinoti kuti chirwere ichi handicho chete chikonzero dysfunction nenyuchi nyuchi, asi anokonzerawo rufu nyuchi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti neonicotinoids ndivo inonyanya kufarirwa wemafuta zvipembenene.

Zvipembenene, fungicides uye mishonga yezvipembenene kukonzera irreparable kukuvadza kuti nyuchi dzaidzorwa kwose anoshandiswa makemikari ano. Kudzidza, yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi Nature, anoti nyuchi pasi pokudzora mishonga wakashandiswa zvokurima indasitiri, kaviri sezvo zvichida kuti vakarasika uye havagoni kuwana nzira mukoko, mukusiyana kuti nyuchi kuti vanogara munharaunda utano. Uyezve, vanhu ivavo vanenge vari kukwanisa kudzokera nyuchi, kuderera kwezvinhu mu rokuunganidza mukume.

Humwe uchapupu pakuti makemikari zvinokonzera kutsakatika nyuchi, kureva nzvimbo Profile chirwere kuparadza misha. The chirwere kwakazara munzvimbo kushandisa zvipembenene uye kwemishonga yezvipembenene.

Nyuchi kwakawanikwa akafa mumunda, kuratidza zviratidzo kwemakemikari nomuchetura. Dzimwe nguva muchetura iri simba kuitira kuti nyuchi haagoni kuwana simba kudzokera mukoko uye achafirapo.