János Kadar. Biography Hungarian political mutungamiri

János Kadar (Makore oupenyu - 1912-1989) - nhamba chinoreva zvakawanda. The Russian mabhuku nayo inonzi yokutungamirira guru uye wezvematongerwe enyika, ndiye Kutonga Hungary zvasvika kubudirira mune zvemari pasi. Mamwe mabhuku vakapiswa iye ave paitonga Stalin, uyo akauya simba pamusoro bayonets mauto eSoviet, ari protege of Kremlin uye murongi kuurayiwa Imre Nadya, ari pachigaro mutungamiriri wehurumende. Saka ndiani chaizvo Kadar, akanga paakavapa ari Order "Hero of Soviet Union"? Munyaya ino tichaedza kunzwisisa kwake yakaoma Biography.

udiki

János Kadar akaberekwa May 26, 1912. Aiva mubvandiripo mwanakomana womurandakadzi Barboly Chemranek kubva musoja János Krezingera. Sezvo akaberekwa ari mundima hweAustria-Hungary, muguta Fiume (nhasi Rijeka muna Croatia), kuti yokunyoresa wakanyorwa pasi zita Dzhovanni Dzhuzeppe Chemranek. Kana mukomana aiva nemakore matanhatu, amai vake vakatamira muBudapest. In National chikoro chepuraimari akaratidza unyanzvi hunoshamisa. Sezvo mudzidzi chakanakisisa akatumirwa akasununguka dzidzo kuchikoro hwepamusorosoro guta. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu emari mumhuri yakanga yakaoma. János Chemranek gumi akakanda dzidzo vakaripira mushandi ari muchina wokudhinda. Sezvo izvi zvinganzwika sezvinoshamisa, asi Communist Party vakamusvitsa ... wechesi. Young János zvikuru kwazvo mutambo uyu. Rimwe zuva zvakaitika kuhwina wechesi mutambo. Somunhu mubayiro, akapiwa bhuku Shona 'Anti-Duhring'. basa iri, ari mazwi Chemraneka zvakachinja pfungwa dzake.

Kukurukura Marxism

On the Chess Tournament János Kadar vakakunda muna 1928, paaiva nemakore gumi nematanhatu chete okuberekwa. Zvinonzi kutanga chinokosha uye pamwero mukuru dambudziko iri upfumi munyika. Wokutanga kunzwa Kuipa vashandi mubayiro uye mararamiro. Young makanika wokudhinda vakabatsira kuronga kwakanga kwatangwa dziite muuraye. Hurumende zvoutsinye woutsinye kuratidzirwa iyi vashandi, uye vazhinji mamwe masoja Chemraneka vakasungwa. Muna 1930, imba kudhinda yakavharwa nokuda dambudziko. Sezvo vasingashandi Chemranek, zvapararira vatonyanya vaivenga mukirasi Vadzvinyiriri, akapinda kuonana pakakoromoka ukuwo Communist Party wokuHungary. Muna 1931 iye akabatana Koshanda musero navo. Sverdlov akatora pevhu remadunhu- neBarna (Brown). Atova May 1933 akava nhengo Committee voujaya Bapiro Communist Party muBudapest. The Soviet Union, iro norupo mari nesangano, akamukoka kudzidza paUniversity of Moscow, asi majaya Koshanda akaramba.

Hondo Yenyika II

János Kadar, ane Biography kubva ikozvino rakada zvakanyatsobatana enyika, sezvinoita paitonga Stalin wechokwadi akanga chinhu pamusoro Soviet Union pamwe Nazi Germany. Panguva iyoyo akanga atova achinja Communist Party, kubatana 1935 ari panhengo Social Democrats. Ikoko iye akaita basa rake uye akatungamirira sero SDPH. Kutaura zvazviri, hondo yose yaiva chakarongwa nhengo Czechoslovak "Kusaurayiwa", asi pane basa chairo haana kuroorana. Papera makore echiKomonisiti neakangwara mashoko, kuti akanga akasika antifascist Hungarian Front, asi hapana basa sangano iri hapana wakaiswa. Mukutanga forties Akashandura, uye Social Democrats, zvakanyorwa zvakare muna Pest Committee of Communist Party pakati Hungary. Zvakare, maungira basa akabvisa: muna 1942 aiva nhengo Central Committee, uye muna 1943 - Munyori CPV Central Committee.

Basa muSoviet Union

Muna April 1944 Yanosh Kadar, akasungwa muSerbia kuti kusiya. Iye akakwanisa kutiza. Kutiza, akatora rimwe zita - Kadar (Cooper), uyo zvino akava zita rake. Muna April 1964 utungamiriri ipapo Soviet vachiedza kuisa yakabatana "kunoshamisa murwi pamusoro Fascism", akanga paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union uye paakavapa zvikuru panguva award - the Order of Lenin uye menduru "Gold Star". Apo Hungary akanga vakasunungurwa kubva fascism, Kadar, panguva iyoyo kare NKVD mumiriri, akasarudzwa kuti Transitional National Assembly uye nhengo Political Bureau of Central Committee of Communist Party (CPSU). Kubvira ipapo, basa rake nokukurumidza akakwira. Muna 1946 akava Deputy General Munyori CPSU. Panguva iyoyowo, kubva muna 1945 kusvika 1948, iye ava munyori weguta dare guru. Pakupedzisira, muna August 1948, akagadzwa gurukota Affairs Internal. In basa iri, iye akatanga vasungwe László Rajko, vachimupomera mabasa Anti-Soviet. Kuva zvinogona munhu anopikisa Matthias paitonga Stalin Rakosi, Kadar akabviswa pachigaro uye akava musungwa wevasungwa. To rusununguko, akasunungurwa chete muna 1956.

János Kadar: enyika mugovanisi utongi

Paaiva muHungary kutanga Kusagutsikana ne muenzaniso Soviet yokutonga. nhengo hurumende Imre Nadya nokushingaira kusimudzirwa pamwe chete kutengeserana mibatanidzwa, kwokusunungurwa kwevasungwa enyika, kuti abolition pakati kusenza. János Kadar pakutanga kutsigira zvizere enyika Chokwadi, uye kunyange akati kuti achaita kurega muviri wake tangi Russian rokutanga chinoyambuka pamuganhu Hungary. Saka, ndokukurumidza basa, uye October 30, 1956 akagadzwa Gurukota iri cabinet, inotungamirwa Nadia. Asi kutanga November Kadar unopukunyuka Hungary muna Uzhgorod vanosangana pamwe Nikitoy Hruschevym, uyo akamupa chiratidzo yakajeka paumbwe hurumende, inotongwa Soviet Union. Papera vhiki, mutongi mutsva Soviet Matangi vakadzokera muBudapest.

Nguva "goulash komiyunizimu"

November 8, 1956 Kadar vakazivisa usurpation simba. Nagy neshamwari dzake ndokwaakatizira munharaunda Yugoslavia Embassy. Kadar akavimbisa ake ekare navo kuregerera zvizere. Asi kana Nadia wakasiya rekupinda, akasungwa ndokuurayiwa makore maviri gare gare. Zvisinei, János Kadar, pikicha iyo ichiri airemekedzwa nevanhu chizvarwa vakuru Hungarians, aiva nyanzvi enyika. Munguva yacho Prague Spring , akakwanisa nepavaigona kubva mumwe wake mukuru, Soviet Union, kufadza zvinobatsira nyika. Cheap gasi Soviet uye mazvake hwenyika, Hungary yakazarukira vashanyi ndakaita nyika zvikuru kana dzivakwe kubva capitalist bloc. Nguva "goulash komiyunizimu" dzakaguma kunyange pamberi kuparara Soviet Union. Nechekare muna May 1988, Kadar akabviswa, uye gare gare gore, wechitanhatu July, akafa.