"Prague Spring" - kumukira kana rangano?

"Prague Spring" muna 1968 inoita basa rinokosha munhau yenyika gutsaruzhinji. Tsanangudzo iyi nhoroondo mutoo mukati pfupi nguva yachinja zvikuru - iyoyo "zvinokambaira pakaunda-chimurenga" zvino ane zita democratic chimurenga rugare.

The dzinonakidza zvikuru ndechokuti kuchinja kwacho, iyo wakatangwa nenhengo Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, akanga nehasha nokuita rehondo vaKomonisiti achitonga pedyo munyika-vatsigiri Czechoslovakia pedyo Warsaw chibvumirano. Zvaiita kuti "Prague Spring" uye kuparadzwa zvachose, asi pfungwa dzake dzakanga hwaro vakawanda kufamba vari munyika yacho mugovanisi bloc, akatevera ari 80s uye kwakaita kuti rugare nokuchinja kwehurumende uye hurongwa munzanga.
Tinofanira kutanga kunzwisisa chii chinorehwa rokuti "Prague Spring"? Chekutanga, tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti izvi akanga asiri kwakavanzika zano pakaunda-chimurenga, kana kurudyi, bapiro mauto nechinangwa kuchinja zvematongerwo enyika muCzechoslovakia. Chechipiri, pfungwa kuedza kwaiitwa NATO nhengo nyika vaparadzane muCzechoslovakia kubva mugovanisi musasa hakufaniri kurerutswa. Nekuti muna 1968 munyika ino chinangwa chikuru pamusoro vanhu yakanga rusununguko rwokutaura uye tigoshingairira, kuti democratization kwehurumende, zvoupfumi kuchinja uye kusada kwenyika rechiKomonisiti kuvakwa paitonga Stalin hurongwa.

Usakanganwa kuti yaiva nguva 60s - nguva tariro guru mugovanisi nyika, apo pfungwa kuvandudza vane upfumi negwaro nokushingaira kukurukurwa. Ndozvakaitikawo, uye Czechoslovakia, umo pakati rokusika intelligentsia uye mudzidzi masangano aiva vanotyisa nharo uye nokukurukura pamusoro mberi socio-zvoupfumi munyika. CSSR panguva iyoyo kure shure vavakidzani vavo Western, uye nenzira yose vakaedza kuvhara pakakoromoka. Kuti izvi zvidaro, kuchinja-siyana dzave dzichitaurwa, zvakadai zveupfumi, waiva kusika zvinhu kuchinja yemberi zvematongerwo marongerwo. Zvisinei, sezvo kazhinji zvakadaro, nhangaruvanze nokuti shanduko ave kuchinja vashandi panguva vanova simba. Nokuda akapararira rangano, kubva pambiru munyori Central Committee wokutanga rakamanikidzwa A. Novotny, ane nzvimbo ipapo vakatora Alexander Dubcek, uyo aizivikanwa kuti nhengo CPSU. Kubvira, uye akatanga rondedzero yake "Prague Spring".

Pashure paizvozvo, muCzechoslovakia yakanga nekaupenyu akanyarara, paiva tichikurukura nezveramangwana uye kumutsidzirwa mugovanisi mamiriro. Uyewo kwakadzikira kusenza, ronga itsva shamwari, dzakadai Club of asiri bato - "CAS", uye vagari vazhinji zvokuvhoterwa akanga kunzwa rusununguko uye rusununguko. Maererano hurumende mamiriro, mukati HRC chipatapata kutamburira redistribution pamusoro nemigove mumabhizimisi, izvo akatsausa hutungamiri munyika pamusoro vakaronga kuchinja mitemo. Uye saka simba zvishoma nezvishoma yezwi isiri tsika masimba enyika of Czechoslovakia.
Muna March 1968, ari CPSU Central Committee akatuma bato vatsigiri kunyora pamusoro ezvinhu Czechoslovakia. It akaratidza aramu pamusoro kuratidzwa Anti-mugovanisi manzwiro munzanga, uye kudiwa dzinga Revolutionary chiito. Asi Dubcek nguva dzose akati kuti mamiriro ezvinhu munyika iri pasi kurinda kudzora Party.

Zvisinei, panguva ino zvakawanda zvinoda vakanga vanzwa pamusoro pokugadzwa pamutemo kushorwa muCzechoslovakia. Inside nyika, aishingaira nezvokuzivikanwa nyanzvi suitability oruzhinji vatungamiri vebato. Held zvesimba siyana uye mienzaniso, boka raiva vagadzirira pakaunda-chimurenga, uye Alexander Dubcek akaenda simbe.

Uye izvi zvose kunocherechedzwa maererano nyika yacho Warsaw chibvumirano, ane varwi uye matangi vakapinda Czechoslovakia usiku August 20, 1968. Panguva iyoyowo, Soviet ndege mauto tikamira ari Prague yendege, uye nhengo KGB kunge asungwa munyori wokutanga uye nhengo Presidium of Central Committee. Uye iye Prague, nenzira yokufananidzira, akavhara masuo aro. The vakawanda wavanozvisunga akanzi guta, migwagwa dzaiva matongo. Vagari Czechoslovak Republic haana kupindura mhirizhonga nechisimba. uye occupier haana chimwe vapfurwa. Pamwe panguva muitiro, anotaurwa so "Prague Spring", vanhu vanopfuura 70 vakaurayiwa muCzechoslovakia, 250 vakakuvadzwa uye zviuru zvevanhu zvaikandwa kuutapwa. Saka paiva kudzvinyirira ari "Prague Spring" - kuedza rechipiri panguva kugadzirisa zviri mugovanisi musasa pashure muHungary muna 1956.
Kutaura zvazviri, musangano wenyika Czechoslovak kunoparirwa vapikisi nyika yavo vakava capitalist, vakanga zvose nechokwadi vaKomonisiti. Vanongorangana aida kuvaka gutsaruzhinji "ane chiso chomunhu".