12 yegwara cranial tsinga: tafura. Cranial tsinga: kuparadzirwa uye tsanangudzo pfupi

Tsinga kuripa kubva uye kunze uropi, yainzi cranial tsinga. Distribution uye tsanangudzo pfupi vavo nomumwe ari munyaya inotevera.

Mhando tsinga uye zvokurwara

Kune mhando anoverengeka tsinga:

• motokari;
• yakavhenganiswa;
• nzwisisa.

Neurology injini cranial tsinga sezvo nehanya uye dzemasanganiswa, wakareva anokuzviratidza kuti nyanzvi inogona kuziva nyore. Mukuwedzera oga maronda nomunhu tsinga kunogona sei uye avo vari panguva imweyo kuita akasiyana. Nemhaka ruzivo nzvimbo dzavo uye mabasa zvichibvira kwete chete kunzwisisa mhando ipi tsinga kuputswa, asiwo localize njodzi yacho. Izvi zvinova unobvira kuwana nenzira dzakatsarukana vachishandisa yepamusorosoro michina. Somuenzaniso, muna ophthalmic tsika, kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano, zvinokwanisika kuziva mamiriro ose fundus, ari optic etsinga, kuona munda maonero uye hearths kurasikirwa.

ukoshi Good rinozivisa carotid angiography uye verterbalnaya. Asi uwane mashoko anogona kuwanikwa vachishandisa computed tomography. With izvozvo, unogona kuona mumwe tsinga hunde dzacho kuziva namamota uye dzimwe kuchinja auditory, rinoonekwa uye dzimwe tsinga.

Wekudzidza trigeminal uye auditory tsinga rwakakwaniswa kuburikidza nzira cortical somatosensory potentials. Uyewo pane izvi zvazvingava, audiograph uye nistagmografiya.

Development electromyography kuwedzerwa mikana uwane ruzivo pamusoro cranial tsinga. Zvino unogona Kutsvaga Somuenzaniso, boira dzepanguva mhinduro, vaingoerekana tsandanyama basa iri chiso chavo uye kutsenga tsandanyama rurimi, mukanwa, uye zvichingodaro.

Kugara nomumwe vaviri vaviri ava tsinga. In zvachose mune 12 yegwara cranial tsinga. Tafura, apo vari dzakanyorwa panoperera nyaya. Panguva ino, ngatimboonai nomumwe yezvinoita voga.

1 vaviri. tsananguro

Izvi zvinosanganisira olfactory etsinga kubva boka kugumbuka. Kana ichi Kanotokonya masero yakaparadzirwa epithelium pamusoro nasal mhango iri olfactory mugove. Mutete tsinga Sero zvinoshandiswa kusimbiswa olfactory filaments vanoumba ari olfactory tsinga. Kubva nasal etsinga anopinda cranial mhango kuburikidza mumwena ndiro riri ethmoid pfupa, uye inoguma ari girobhu racho umo kuchibva musimboti olfactory nzira.

2 vaviri. chinooneka tsinga

Izvi zvinosanganisira peya optic tsinga, pamusana kuti vasanonoka boka. neuronal axons pano kuenda kuburikidza afoot bwendefa yeziso rimwe dhiramu, muwisira cranial mhango iyo. Mujinga uropi fibers yomupfungwa izvi kumativi ose wekuita nokusika makwara uye optic chiasm. Nzira kuenda thalamus uye geniculate muviri mutsago, pashure iyo musimboti kuona gwara kutungamirirwa occipital akafukidza uropi.

3 mhute. efferent tsinga

Oculomotor (injini), vakasikwa etsinga fibers yaidzika kubva tsinga kuti dziri munzvimbo pfumbu nyaya uropi pasi pemvura inoyerera. To mujinga chobudira pakati makumbo, uye ipapo anopinda ziso muchadenga uye innervates tsandanyama (kunze pamusoro uye chokunze oblique mutsetse yavo innervation dzinopindira dzimwe cranial tsinga, 12 majoko, zvichiratidza iyo tafura inoratidza zvakajeka vose yaisanganisa). Izvi imhaka kune huri etsinga fibers ari parasympathetic.

4 mhute. pathetic

In peya ichi zvinosanganisira trochlear tsinga (injini) huchibva kubva chinoumba pasi cerebral mugero uye akatarisana pose seiri munharaunda kwouropi. Muchikamu ichi anoshandura chiasm, vakafugama pamusoro makumbo uye kupinda mukati muchadenga. peya ichi innervated pevane oblique tsandanyama.

5, peya pakati maviri 12 cranial tsinga

Table anoramba trigeminal tsinga chokuita kare yakavenganiswa. In aripo hunde kutsinga dzinouya uye injini nuclei uye maererano - midzi yavo uye matavi. Kutsinga dzinouya fibers zvinobva kuna hondo mumasero trigeminal ane dendrites kusika peripheral mapazi kuti innervate ganda pamberi peganda romusoro uye chiso, mazino matadza, ocular conjunctiva, mucous membranes mhino, muromo, rurimi.
Motor fibers (kubva trigeminal etsinga) kwakabatana kune mandibular bazi etsinga, uye akaedza innervate masticatory tsandanyama.

6 vaviri. abducens

Next chikamu 12 yegwara cranial tsinga (Table ibasa kuti injini tsinga boka) rinosanganisira peya abducens. Rinotanga kubva muchitokisi nuclei ari pons, anowana pamusoro nechigadziko uye kutamira mberi kune orbital slots kumusoro uye zvadaro ziso rimwe. It anopa akarurama tsandanyama ziso (yokunze).

7 chiutsi. facialis

peya ichi kuchibva chiso etsinga (injini) yakawanikwa kubva muchitokisi zvinoshandiswa motokari neerekitironi. The fibers vanotanga vari nomubato mujinga pasi ventricle wechina, kupfuura vakakomba etsinga chechina musimboti pasi pasi uye kupinda bhiriji-cerebellar angled. Zvino chinoita kuti auditory richizarurwa kupinda Canal ari chiso etsinga. Mushure parotid shwanu, inokamura mukati mapazi kuti innervate ari tsandanyama dzechiso, uye chiso chedu, uyewo nevamwe vanoverengeka. Uyezve, zvinoita runosvika kubva rimwe bazi hunde innervates tsandanyama avete pakati nzeve.

8 chiutsi. auditory tsinga

Wechisere peya pamusoro maviri 12 cranial tsinga (Table classifies kusvika vasanonoka tsinga) chinosanganisira auditory kana vestibulocochlear tsinga, rinosanganisira zvikamu vaviri vestibular uye cochlear. Cochlear chikamu ine dendrites uye axons ose zononoka raiva pedyo nebundu iri ipfupa cochlea. Chimwe chikamu rinoenderera vestibular raiva pedyo nebundu iri pasi auditory meatus. Tsinga kumativi ose zvakabatana Nzeve Canal kune auditory etsinga.

The fibers of vestibular mugumo muna nuclei dziri rhomboid fossa uye cochlear - cochlear nuclei vari pakati pons.

9 vaviri. glossopharyngeal tsinga

Table cranial tsinga anoramba repfumbamwe peya, izvo chinomirirwa glossopharyngeal etsinga. Unosanganisira kutsinga dzinouya, injini, secretory nokusanzwira uhwiro. Pane pedyo Links pamwe vagus tsinga uye zvenguva. Vazhinji vaiona chinoumba etsinga riri medulla oblongata. Vari nevamwe rechigumi uye nemiviri vaviri vaviri.

Tsinga fibers maviri ikashandiswa kupinda mudende, kusiya cranial mhango. Nokuti posterior rechitatu mukanwa uye rurimi ndiwo manakiro uye kutsinga dzinouya etsinga kusvika munzeve uye pharynx - vasanonoka, nokuti pharynx - gwenya kuti parotid mumasero - secretory.

10 mhute. vagus

Next tafura cranial tsinga mberi peya raiumbwa vagus etsinga, izvo rusununguko zvakasiyana mabasa. The hunde rinotanga kubva pamidzi iri medulla oblongata. Vachibuda cranial mhango, pharynx tsinga innervates striated tsandanyama uye dokeriro, denga, iro trachea, principales uye zvomudumbu zvomukati.

Kutsinga dzinouya fibers innervate ari occipital munharaunda uropi, kunze auditory meatus, ari nhengo dzasara. Secretory fibers vanotorayirwa kuti mudumbu uye rwatata, vasomotor - pangagara, parasympathetic - moyo.

11 peya. Description of chishongedzo etsinga

Anounzwa peya iyi chishongedzo tsinga rinoumbwa migove okumusoro. Wokutanga rinobva injini musimboti medulla oblongata, uye wechipiri - kubva musimboti kusvikira nyanga musana. Midzi chokuita nevamwe uye kubuda dehenya pamwe regumi vaviri. Vamwe vavo anoenda vagus etsinga.

It innervates tsandanyama - sternoclavicular-mastoid uye trapezoidal.

12 peya

It rinopera pfupiso patafura cranial tsinga pamwe vaviri ari hypoglossal etsinga. Paro ari pasi medulla oblongata. Vachibuda dehenya, izvozvo anopa mutauro netsandanyama.

Dunhu wakanaka kwakadaro 12 vakaroorana ari cranial tsinga. Kuti muchidimbu pamusoro.

Tarisa pasi, iyo inoratidza cranial tsinga, 12 vaviri vaviri. zvinotevera tafura.

mhedziso

Ndiwo mashoko marongerwo uye tsinga chaitika. vaviri nomumwe anobatsira chinokosha basa. tsinga dzose ari chikamu chikuru ezvinhu, uye zvinoenderana nayo uyewo nyika yose - kubva kwomudzimu munhu tsinga.