Abashevskaya chitoyi: sei kuti maoko ako pachako

Dzimwe nguva vanhu vose, tichitangira madzinza chinyakare kusvikira nhasi, akanga achiperekedzwa zvokutambisa. Pakutanga, ava vakanga vari yakasarira Zvidhori vanamwari kuti vanhu vainamata, asi zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kuva uye kugamuchira chizenga vana.

Abashevskaya chitoyi asi "muduku", kwakadai chevarwere uri ndiwo makore 200 chete okuberekwa, asi rine nhoroondo imwe "kunyoresa".

Nhoroondo ivhu matoyi

Zvehari ane nemidzi yawo kare, saka tsvakai munhu kekutanga nevhu Modelling residues ndiro akatanga kuumba uye bheka inofananidza vanhu nemhuka, hazvibviri. Abashevskaya nevhu matoyi ainzi saka nokuda kwayo "mavambo" kubva chete mumusha Spassky muruwa of Penza province.

The musha Abashevo ruzhinji mhuri mubasa zvaAtemisi midziyo, asi muna 12 mapurazi vave kugadzira matoyi kuti simbi kudiwa.

Vamwe vanonyora mifananidzo akavimba tsika yekare, asi paivawo avo kuti vagarisane zvachose itsva siyana, dzakanga chinopfuudzwa mumhuri kubva kumarudzi namarudzi. Abashevskaya chitoyi, nhoroondo iri chokuita zvakananga munhoroondo mumusha, aikwanisa 'pa "uye kuchengetedza zivikanwo yavo nhasi.

The musha Abashevo

Vazhinji Vagari vomumusha vakanamatira Old Vatendi. Kudzivisa kutaurirana pamwechete infidels, schismatics kusarudzwa maonero evanhu uye rwokugadzira, izvo zvinogona kutirambidza yezvinoreva munharaunda. Vaiva mitemo chaizvo kuomesa kuti ushandiswe kudzivisa infidels, zvose pachiyero pachavo pakukurukurirana uye neimba unhu.

chitendero chavo zvinoratidzwa miridzo, "kadhi" razova chitoyi muchimiro Abashevskaya yenondo kumusoro sezvo nemasitepisi kudenga, nyanga. Ruzhinji vavariro ivhu Zvidhori mhuka dzaiva pezvisingakoshi, izvo kubva kare kuti Slavs kunofananidzwa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana muupenyu,

• shiri - ndiwo rombo rakanaka, mufaro;
• bhiza inofananidzirwa zuva;
• Bear - simba, simba noushe
• gwai uye mhou - chiratidzo chokubereka;
• Nondo - nezvakawanda.

Abashevskaya chitoyi (mufananidzo hunoratidza) rinowanzoshandiswa anoitwa vanatenzi vevanhu, achirondedzera mafungiro munyori nyika. Somuenzaniso, mukadzi wacho waimirira dzomumaguta vasikana nebenzi kusetsa heti, uye nhamba zviremera zvinowanzooneka akaita se dimikira mupurisa kana mupurisa. Kana vakanga vari mumaoko shiri, izvo zvaireva kuti zviremera imbavha.

Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 Abashevskaya chitoyi razova nevakawanda zvokuti kuratidzira ayo yaiitwa kwete chete muMoscow asiwo London uye Paris.

Nevamwe zvinhu Abashevo matoyi

A rinokosha zvokutambisa kubva mumusha Abashevo pakarepo chinosiyanisa kubva vakawanda siyana handicrafts zvinoitwa mhizha kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Elongated muviri uye mutsipa disproportionately refu duku nemhuka musoro vaiva ndiye hwenyika nechishamiso vatenzi Larion Zotkina. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, zviri kare zvakazara kuumbwa sezvo chimiro uye ruvara ivhu dudochek pamusoro Abashevo.

Kunyange zvazvo "magamba" zvose Abashevo vatenzi zvikuru kucherechedzwa, ine zvimwe naka zvinhu:

• elongated muviri mhuka disproportionately vari kuramba ari pfupi makumbo yakafara voga;
• refu gobvu mutsipa kuguma ine musoro diki;
• kwazvo uye zvikuru akacheka ne ziso;
• musoro rembudzi, nondo, nzombe uye namakondobwe inobudisa guru, kazhinji multi-Tiered nyanga;
• zvakajeka mitsetse vhudzi, manes uye ndebvu.

In chimiro Abashevskaya chitoyi zvakawanda sezvinoita dombo painting, kana vekare vanhu vachiri kudzidzira embody nyika kuburikidza mufanidzo. Animal nyanga dzinofananidzira muti woupenyu, uye mumiswe yadzo Munotadzanura apo uchida podudet wokutamba kutanga kuti "taura." Masters Abasheva haana sculpted mifananidzo paupenyu, haana kupa rwokugadzira dzavo kufamba. Vose vari zvakasimba "vamire" riri makumbo, inomiririra simba midzi naAmai Earth.

Nokuti uyu mhando chevarwere uri yakanga kusimbiswa rimwe musha, akaisa nheyo kuti kwaita Dynasties vanatenzi.

Hwedzinza Abashevo vatenzi

Zotkin youmambo, kupfuura rakakurumbira vanatenzi dzevhu matoyi, akatanga Akinfy Frolovich, akaberekwa muna 1883, uye mukoma wake Larion. vazukuru vavo vari vapenyu nhasi uye mberi netsika yemadzitateguru avo.

It Larion Zotkin muna 20-30s akapa "mutsva" upenyu Abashevo toyi. The musha kunyange yave vakarongeka yevhu chikwata. basa rake akaumba hwaro mabasa vateveri vake. Abashevskaya chitoyi (mufananidzo kunoratidza izvozvo) ine yayo Museum, asi kwete chete nomutauro wake musha Exhibits inoshanda Zotkin imba. Vari mumamiziyamu muna Penza, Sergiyev Posad uye mudzimba kuunganidza.

Zvimwewo usage Zuzenkovyh youmambo, Malyshev, Eskin, Nagaeva nevamwe. chizvarwa chitsva mumwe akauyisa zvaakaratidzwa kuti mufananidzo Abashevo matoyi.

Gadzirira ivhu

Asati kufunga bofu sei Abashevo chitoyi zvinoda vainyatsotarisirwa kubhadharwa kuti gadziriro nevhu kushandiswa. Muzana remakore rechi19 kugadzirwa runodiwa mamakisi zvevhu kazhinji achiperekedzwa njodzi kuupenyu. It rakagadzirirwa munguva yechando pamwe kudanda kwemwedzi.

Nhasi, ivhu unogona kutorwa kubva pavaiputsa, kana kutenga ari muchitoro. Kana ivhu kubva panzvimbo yayo firimu, pasina chakaita zvokugadzirwa yokuvirisa, zvinofanira kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo akaomeswa. Zvadaro, ivhu ivhu, achibvisa tsvina, uye rakasanganiswa nemvura iri nhamba 1/3.

Zvakakosha kuti mukanyiwa rwaiwanikwa pasina nemavhinga. Rakasanganiswa zvinhu inofanira kusiyiwa kwenguva nguva jecha uye dzimwe netsvina agadzirise kusvikira pasi mugaba.

Saka Yakanatswa ivhu vanofanira thicken zvishoma pamberi bvunzo pamwero nokuda Ravioli, uye ipapo kunyatsoongorora vanokanya maoko, achibvisa zvakawandisa mhepo. Kuongorora unoda ivhu kubasa, inoreva rwakapetwa "soseji" uye vanobwembura zvishoma nezvishoma mune chidhongi. Kana iye haapi makatsemuka, unogona kutanga Modelling.

Modelling Abashevo zvokutambisa

Nhasi, imwe nzira kukura injini unyanzvi maoko, fungidziro uye kufarira chevarwere rwokugadzira vana ndiko kuvadzidzisa sculpt Zvidhori nevhu uye ivhu. Kutanga zvikuru nyore uye anonzwisisika vana "Pancakes" uye "soseji" nevhu, unogona kuvaratidza kuti sculpt wokutamba Abashevo nzendo:

• Clay akakanya minwe yake ushamwari zvokunyama uye kuzvipa elasticity.
• Kubva bundu ivhu kumonera "soseji" chiine, sezvinoita twakadai magumo.
• The mukobvu mugove kunyorwa muwedzero kusvikira pakati yaro saizi vakagumisa emapuranga mufurati, iro achasiya chinhu mukati matoyi zvaidikanwa pembe.
• Yokumusoro Chikamu kubhawa workpiece ivhu vachikotama - ichava pamitsipa mhuka iyo kuguma duku iri rakaumbwa tomu.
• Kubva hunde kubvisa nemizariro, fashoni makumbo duku mukobvu, uye "muswe" kudhonzera munhu pombi itaure.
• Ita mumwena kumativi muviri kuti mutopota muridzo

Unogona vanounganidza cutouts kwete chete maziso, asi "shinda", matomu, siyana zvishongo. Vana vakuru vanogona sculpt nyanga dzavo, vana nyore kutanga imbwa nekatsi, izvo zvavanoziva. chitoyi akadaro kunonakidza kuita, kwete chete kune mwana. vakuru vakawanda kutanga kuti zvematongerwo unyanzvi zvehari, imwe mhando ndiro Abashevskaya toyi.

Vachiridzira uye kupenda

Mushure chigadzirwa waoma, inofanira pasi calcination. Dzekare zvinoshandiswa chinokosha yamavira ichi - kumativi muvira refractory nezvidhinha. Mureza Ukuru yamavira ava 1.5 M pahupamhi uye 2 mamita kureba, uye kamwe muna Abashevo kunenge kwose pachivanze kunoita zuva akapisa kuita ndiro kana matoyi hwakasimba uye hunogara.

To matoyi hadzina wakatsemuka, avo obkladyvali shards, uye chitofu stoked pamwe pomuouki kana Birch huni. Mushure vachiridzira, rinotevera chikuva, yaiitwa Abashevskaya chitoyi - makara. It kunoratidzwa kucherechedzwa nenzira dzose kupenda - Finished chigadzirwa akafuka yakasimba rukoko inobwinya monochrome mavara. Masters remakore rechi19 akashandisa kuri pachimedu, asi sezvo kwakanga pendi mafuta, akapfuura kwavari.

The Coated rukoko mafuta kupenda, waoma dzemitambo, ipapo kupendwa uye zviduku okunze ari wokupedzisira danho vakanga zvinenge zvakazara varnish. With veMubatanidzwa enamel kudiwa varnishing anyangarika.

Mazuva yevhu yezvidhinha zvichiitika nokukurumidza uye zvikuru kuchengeteka nokuda zvigadzirwa, uye kushandisa ivhu, kutengwa dzakagadzirirwa muzvitoro, hapana nyore pane kunzwisisa sei kuti Abashevo wokutamba nemaoko avo.

Museum Abashevo

Nokuedza iyi uye vemifananidzo kurarama nhasi munguva Abashevo, mune yaimbova musha Zotkin akaronga miziyamu matoyi kubva nevhu. The muunganidzwa zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakafanana vanatenzi rechi19 - kwezana remakore rechi20, uye vaya kubudisa zvokutambisa purazi, uye gare gare fekitari.

Revival Abashevo hove

Yakarongerwa matoyi Abashevo kumutsidzirwa Fund anotarisira kuti tsika dzekare akararama. The Foundation rinokurudzira vechiduku kufarira ichi mhando mifananidzo, iyo akavhura dhipatimendi idzva iri Spassky College - ". Ceramics nyanzvi"