Afghan kwevanhu. Afghanistan Population: madzinza nziyo uye zvakawanda

Afghanistan - nyika akatizivisa zvinosuwisa, uto anoshuma. Inopfuurira vachirwa okudzvinyirira hwoudzvinyiriri okolofashistskie, pokuwa upfumi rakakwana - zvose izvi zvinhu vakabatsira ari Afghan vakawanda.

Chii chiri kuitika pamwe nyika ino iye zvino?

Afghanistan nzira kuti rusununguko

History of Afghanistan akatanga kare. First pamusoro vanhu vanogara idzi yakataurwa Herodotus anovadana paktienami. Munyori pachake kumbobvira kunzvimbo idzi uye aiziva pamusoro veAfghan vekare chete kubva pamiromo nevamwe. Paktienov Herodotus se vaGiriki, akapfeka kwematehwe. Chimwe chinokosha panotaurwa kuti veAfghan watinowana Chinese yenhau.

Muzana XI remakore, vanhu ava rakarondedzera Arab dzakaitika Abu Nasr Muhammad. Akati kuti veAfghan vanogara pamusoro pemakomo uye kupamba unopfuura vafambi. Pasinei Rondedzero iyi, vanhu ava vakakurumidza kugamuchira "yakabudirira" tsika. Kwokupedzisira kuitwa Islam ndowenyika XIII remakore.

Panguva iyoyowo, ndima Afghanistan kuripo aizokundwa eMongolia.

Muzana XVIII remakore nyika atova chikamu hwePezhiya. VeAfghan akamutsa yokumukira anoverengeka uye vakakwanisa kusika maviri akazvimirira kwavabati.

First Afghan mamiriro vakava Durrani Empire, akavamba panguva pakuguma XVIII remakore. Nokukurumidza, Afghanistan wava nhandare okutambura pakati wokuRussia uye British Empire. Chikonzero kuti yaiva yakanaka nenzvimbo nzvimbo munyika. Muna 1919 Britain akamanikidzwa kubvuma rusununguko ehurumende.

modernity

Muna 1973 poumambo chikatsiviwa nevapanduki Republican hurongwa, uye shanu vakatevera chimurenga, izvo zvakazoita President Daoud akaurayiwa. VaKomonisiti vakauya simba. Hurumende itsva pakarepo akatanga yakakura chiito. Special kuramba traditionalists zvakakonzera zvenyika.

The nyika yakatanga hondo. The Soviet Union akatumira mauto Afghanistan kubatsira kukurira Mujahideen, iyo mari neUnited States, China uye dzimwe nyika. Kuramba kurwisa akamanikidza Soviet Union kuti abve mauto ayo.

Mumakore 90 kuwana simba Taliban sangano, uyo akazivisa pachavo kuti vachirwira zvinodiwa Pashtuns (saka vanozviti veAfghan). Board boka iri nomusoro vanhu Afghanistan sezvo panguva asingashiviriri uye utsinye.

Mushure September 11, 2001, nyika yakanga akavanda remarara Laden. Ichi chaiva chikonzero US nechisimba. Pashure pokuwa Taliban hurumende akaumba ano mamiriro - vechiIslam Republic of Afghanistan.

The Civil War ichiri kuitika.

Afghanistan Population: zvayakaita

Tatoona, nhoroondo nyika iyi kwakanga kusiri nyore. All dzakawanda anotaura kwazvo Afghanistan, rine vanhu yakaumbwa mumakore kunopfuurira hondo.

Ndiani munyika ino maererano nokufungidzira siyana nevanhu vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 30. vagari Afghanistan ndiyo havaratidzi urbanized. Vagari anoumba 80%. Literacy yakaderera. Kuverenga 45% yevanhu uye 15 chete% yevakadzi.

Afghanistan anoramba underdeveloped nyika nhasi. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mukadzi mumwe nomumwe anobereka paavhareji 6 vana, mucheche hunofa ndiye soro munyika. Life anotarisirwa hazvirevi pfuura makore 45.

Pashtuns

State of Afghanistan hapana dzinza akasiyana homogeneity. Vanhu vakawanda vazhinji - Pashtuns. Vazhinji vanhu norudzi urwu anogara kuIndia, sapamazuva Afghanistan, uko vari boka kutungamirira kwemarudzi, kurarama chete 30% of uwandu vanhu. Taura mutauro Pashto, raiva pasi Omani boka.

On chiso Pashtuns ano akaratidza yekare nhoroondo Afghanistan. Ndianiko pakati pavo nesimba chaizvo nokupesana pamusoro dzokumaruwa hwaro.

Inodzora munzanga maitiro Pashtunwali Code. Mitemo yomunzvimbo muviri kakawanda zvinopesana Sharia. Somuenzaniso, Islamic mutemo rinoti kuzosimbisa chokwadi kuchinja yaida zvapupu zvina, uye mune Pashtun mitemo moga makuhwa zvakakwana. Mukadzi akaramba kodzero nhaka pfuma, kunyange Sharia zvaiisa hafu hwevakaroorana pfuma. mutemo Islamic unorambidza ropa daka, uye Pashtunwali anotaura zvakananga nezvokukosha kwaro.

vanhu ava vanoomerera Sunni Islam. Taliban akashandisa kwayo kukuru Bhaibheri.

Tajiks

Tajiks vanoumba anenge 30% (maererano nokufungidzira siyana) vanhu Afghanistan. Vagari zvakaoma kuverenga nokuda ezvinhu omunharaunda uye uremu kutama muhondo.

Tajiks, Pashtuns hwakasiyana kuchikonzerwa kuzvipira kuna Shiite Bazi Islam. The Tsika basa vanhu ava - kurima. Mhuri anochengeta Zvisaririra yekare kwemadzinza mapoka. Pachivanhu yemadzitateguru nzira youpenyu.

Uzbeks

Uye yakakura kuenderana pakati Turkish vaitaura vanhu Afghanistan. The Pamazita hunange nokuda Uzbeks. The chikuru rokurwa Uzbeks - kurima.

Munzvimbo tsindirana yakagara akasimbisa masangano yedzidzo umo zvatinokanganisa kunoitika mumutauro renyika.

Pamwechete Pashtuns uye Tajiks, Uzbeks vari chikamu tsika nzvimbo imwe chete Iranian.

mamwe marudzi

Afghanistan uye ine mamwe marudzi. Chinokosha kuenderana of Turkic avanhu.

Zviri musha vanenge mamiriyoni 3 Hazaras. Izvi Iranian marudzi Iranian uye Mongolian mavambo. Ndivo Muslim Shiite.

Sunnis vari Pasha'i - vanhu duku (pane vanenge 100 zviuru). The Tsika basa vanhu ava - kurima.

Kuchamhembe aimaq vanhu vararame - boka vamarudzi, Semi-anongofamba. Yavanogara shoma kushandiswa nokuda kurima nharaunda. Vanorarama tichiregeredza mombe.

Turkmens vanogara pamuganhu nzvimbo Turkmenistan. Nokuti upenyu Afghan Turkmens kuwana maberekero zvipfuwo uye makapeti kurukiswa.

Nuristanis - boka duku madzinza, unova chitendero wakarebesa zvichengeteke vechihedheni. Kwenguva refu, mafungiro kwavari akanga ukashora yekwataigara muboka revatungamiriri. Mukutanga 2000s Nuristanis akamuka yavo dunhu - Nuristan.

Pano isu zvawanyora hazvisi zvose vanhu Afghanistan. Vagari kuchibva Pamirs, Brahui, gurjar, Kirghiz, Afshar nevamwe.

Religion uye Society

The chinzvimbo Islam enshrined muna Afghan Constitution. Vagari vakawanda vanozviti Islam. Vazhinji vavo kugoverana pfungwa Sunni Islam, 15% vatendi vechiMuslim - the Shiites.

ChiKristu muna Afghanistan Vanobvuma vatorwa. Nokuti vagari munyika rokutendeutsa kubva Islam nechirango chorufu.

Vazhinji maIndia vakatiza Afghanistan nokuti Taliban akatambudza. VaHindu dzakamanikidzwa kupfeka chaiwo armbands kuti akataura navo sezvo nevasiri maMoziremu. Vakadzi vaimanikidzwa kupfeka burqa.

Nyika ine Sikh munharaunda, Bach. zviuru zvakawanda vanhu vaiita Tsika dzinodavirwa, asi nhamba yavo iri kuramba huchidzikira.

mitauro

Languages vakaperekedza nyaya dzemapepa - Pashto uye Dari.

Pashto - ndiwo mutauro National pakati Pashtuns, ndoupi kune Omani boka. Dari - ndiwo mutauro Afghan Tajiks.

kakawanda vashoma mitauro inoshandiswa muupenyu. Bilingualism uye multilingualism ndiyo ndozvakajairwa nzanga Afghan.

Ezvinhu vakadzi

Munzira dzakawanda, zvakanaka nzanga pakutsvaga nzvimbo vakadzi. Okutanga vakaedza kuti anzwirwe mitemo iri XIX remakore. Anobudirira zvikuru Kusunungurwa vakadzi kwakaitika munguva yeutongi hwechiKomonisiti uye kuvapo mauto eSoviet.

Kwenguva refu hazvina refu. The yakakurumbira utsinye of Taliban utongi. Vakadzi vairambidzwa kubuda pasina achiperekedzwa murume hama. Kunze kwechidzitiro yakabuda pachena nzvimbo yaiva nengozi. Girls vane shoma kuwana dzidzo. Vakadzi Afghanistan kugona kuwana basa zvakare, saka zvachose ndokuwira kuvimba nevarume.

Kurapwa yaiwanika nokuti mukadzi aigona kurapa chiremba wechikadzi chete. Asi vasikana vaisabvumirwa kushanda. Death nokusununguka zvava chenhando.

New Afghanistan pashure pokuwa Taliban akatanga munzira mazvake. Rakavhurwa kuwana dzidzo uye basa. Asi zvose hachisi hwakanaka.
Vakadzi Afghanistan vari kunyanya kudzidza. Vakanga vasingawanzotauri kunyange nokuzivikanwa magwaro. 97% vakadzi havatombozivi nezvokuvapo pamuviri, 20% vanotambura kubva dhefisiti kurema muviri.

upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu

Afghanistan pakati varombo nyika munyika. Nokuti kusimukira hazvibviri patsanura: kugadzirwa uye mberi akamira pamwe hondo.

Indasitiri chose undeveloped. Hwaro upfumi - chinyakare kurima. Sezvo 1980s, hurumende Afghanistan rava chikuru nokutengesa chinodhaka Poppy munyika. Ndakatengesa kutengeswa zvinodhaka vanoumba zvinopfuura hafu yenyika mari.

Recovery maindasitiri kunzwisisa - nyaya nguva.

Chinetso ugandanga

Kubvira 2003, dzakawanda vakaziva Taliban sezvo sangano remagandanga. Sezvo akanga asisina masimba akawanda Afghanistan, ivo Taliban vakaita mabasa kutyisidzira vemo.

Kazhinji vanoitirwa vacho vari kuyaruka uye vana. Muna 2007, magandanga akauraya mukomana. Iye akapomerwa pakudzidza mutauro Chirungu.

Kutama kubva Afghanistan

Sezvineiwo ungaderedza vanhu munyika somugumisiro yehondo. It kwakaderedza nhamba yevanhu munyika, kwete chete nokuda kuwanda vanobatwa, asiwo nokuti vakawanda vaitamira kubva Afghanistan.

The chikuru chido vapoteri veAfghan - kuwana rugare norunyararo, izvo munyika yavo, havagoni kugamuchira. Zvinosuruvarisa mune dzimwe nyika, vanotama vanowanzoona pachavo vari mamiriro ezvinhu uye pasi kusarurwa kwemarudzi uye zvavanotenda.