American kwepfungwa uye nyanzvi Meyo Elton: Biography, mupiro sainzi. Hawthorne chiedzwa

Modern vatorwa utariri dzidziso papfungwa kwesayenzi imwe huru zvikoro - mupfungwa, izvo inorangarira basa interpersonal ukama uye mifananidzo maitiro. nomupiro Great kuti kukura School of Management, akasuma Elton Mayo. Human noukama chikoro kwakaratidza kutanga pakutsvakurudza itsva mumunda evanhu management, musangano zvepfungwa uye kutarisirwa zvepfungwa.

Elton Mayo: A Biography (1880 - 1949)

Meyo Elton akaberekwa Australia (Adelaide) muna 1880 mumhuri-Real Estate. Kuronga basa nhaka sekuru vake, akanga akakurumbira wokuvhiya, Mayo Elton makore mana kudzidza mushonga akasiyana zvikoro zvedzidzo: Adelaide University, Edinburgh University, London School of Medicine. Vanonakidzwa nokuita nevanhu, iye muna 1911 kudzidza University aine dhigirii mu "Psychology."

Meyo Elton akasarudza kuzvipira sayenzi vakadzidzisa paUniversity kweQueensland (Brisbane), akateverwa University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), uye kubva 1926 - Harvard Business School (USA). Kwemakore mashanu, Meyo Elton, purofesa uye basa maneja, mubasa maindasitiri tsvakurudzo, mari ne Rockefeller Foundation. Mushure pamudyandigere, akatamira kuEngland, uko Meyo Elton akafa muna 1949.

Hawthorne kuedza Mayo

Zvikurukuru zvakakurumbira masayendisiti akanga kuedza kuti Elton Mayo, iyo yaiitirwa Hawthorne parimwe vaikudzwa makambani - "Western Electric" mumakore 1927-1932. Kurimwa kwacho panguva zvebhizimisi rakarongwa tichitarisa zvesayenzi utariri Dzidziso Taylor uye Ford.

HR kutarisirwa womuenzaniso akanga paternalistic. Panguva iyoyowo vashandi vane kodzero mudyandigere, inishuwarenzi utano uye urema. Chinotaura kwete kusikwa muindasitiri kwezvivako, uyewo kuvakwa yeminda mitambo, zvikoro, zvitoro, netsvimbo, etc. Kuwanda vashandi - zviuru 30 vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana.

zvokukura kudzidza

The yokudzidza yokutanga iri kuedza (1924-1927 gg.) Vaiva nechinangwa kudzidza mugumisiro ambient chiedza pamusoro yauinayo. Pfungwa pamusoro zvakwakanakira okuvhenekesa haana nekusimbiswa. Vaongorori vakachera pfungwa yokuti basa negoho anochinja pasi pokudzora siyana nematambudziko zvinhu.

(. 1927-1932) The danho rechipiri pakudzidza vaiva zita "Hawthorne kuedza" umo mapoka akawanda vaiita: kuti bhurigedhi vateresi ataure chikwata musi vashandi exfoliated naMika, typists bhurigedhi uye bhurigedhi varume, uyo anofanira nechokwadi kuti norunhare, coils ichitenderera, etc. . kusarudza mapoka kwakakonzerwa kufanana kwekushanda ezvinhu - yokudzokorora. basa, izvo zvaida yakakwirira nemazvo.

Musimboti wacho Hawthorne kuedza

Mune kuedza zviri zvikwata pokuita vateresi ataure yakanga pakutanga akayera avo nomumwe pamwero yauinayo. Mukuita kutsvakurudza vashandi boka rinopa zvakasiyana siyana mimwe features, kushandurwa kushanda mamiriro, etc. kuti vawane umboo pamusoro zvinoita kuti chokuita unongotaura. Somuenzaniso, imwe nzira kukurudzira boka yakashandiswa kusuma mamwe yekuzorora zororo, akaderedza nguva vhiki nevhiki uye nezuva basa, yakawedzera vachiongorora utano vashandi, pfungwa akapiwa vechikamu pamusoro kuedza chekambani utariri.

Mari idzi vakabatsira kuti mugumisiro kuvandudza mamiriro vashandi, muchiramba ushamwari mumhepo muchikwata. Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru chikwata aiva kunetsana pakati vashandi vaviri hadzi uye musoro kuedza, negoho yakatanga kunaya. Mushure kudzingwa vashandi izvi uye nokutora kunzvimbo yavo itsva kurimwa vanokwanisa yakawedzera kusvika 30%.

Varongi pamusoro kuedza yakati kuti vatsva, vachida kuratidza ukoshi hwavo uye akadzika midzi, nokungwarira kurapwa kuti mabasa avo nemazvo, uye vashandi vakuru, nokuti kutya kudzingwa, naiyowo yave hunobudirira.

Wechipiri bhurigedhi vamapepa, boka kuzvidzora, akabhadharawo premiums basa boka, uye zvimwe mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu asina kusikwa kwavari.

Work Brigade, iyo mubasa delamination waMika, vanobhadharwa zvichienderana wacho chidimbu-mwero mubayiro hurongwa. typists boka vakagamuchira muhoro vhiki kwakavakirwa migumisiro basa rinoitwa nomumwe.

Basa experimental basa Mayo

Meyo Elton akagamuchira mishumo mufambiro munhevedzano zvidzidzo zviri yechinangwa kuedza, zvinorondedzerwa uye akadudzira zvabuda, kambani akarayira vaongorori, ruzhinji aiziva migumisiro Hawthorne kuedza. The kambani "Western Electric" akaripira basa Mayo mu uwandu $ 2,500 pagore (1929-1933.). Panoperera ari kuedza, muna 1933, akanga zvakabudisa bhuku Mayo "Human zvinetso maindasitiri budiriro," yakaratidza kwete chete migumisiro tsvakurudzo, uye nechifukidzo nyaya evanhu kutsiga maindasitiri muvanhu.

Dudziro migumisiro Elton Mayo

Kuongorora migumisiro Hawthorne kuedza, Meyo Elton rinonyanya zvepfungwa basa, dzomunyika kugadzwa mushandi, kugutsikana kwake kuita basa, uyewo mupfungwa mumhepo chikwata uye utungamiri manyorerwo.

Vatsoropodzi vakaona kuti havana kuteerera zvakakwana iri akaripa Mayo zvinhu basa incentives. Kufunga evanhu pakusimba, Mayo anoti somugumisiro urbanization uye kwemaindasitiri munzanga iri kuva tsika dambudziko (anomie).

pfungwa Mayo

Kazhinji, kudzidza interpersonal ukama kumabasa uye vashandi 'nomumwe zvinodiwa, nheyo imwe paradigm itsva utariri dzidziso, akava chokuita nezita Elton Mayo.

Results of kudzidza akava hwaro zvesayenzi substantiation mafungiro kuvandudza negoho somugumisiro kuchinja chisingaoneki nemashoko. Kusiyana nemamwe dzidziso kuti vanoonekwa zvikuru ukama negoho uye mubayiro, Meyo Elton akataura kuti kunaka basa zvakunoita mushandi kugutsikana nechinzvimbo kwavo chikwata, ukama mamaneja uye nevamwe.

Saka, kuvandudzwa tsika yesangano, nani interpersonal mabhora vari shanguriro zvinobudirira kuzvidzora, sezvataurwa Elton Mayo. Hawthorne kuedza akaratidza yokutanga kwevanhu kuchinja zvinhu dzishande paradigm management.

Kontsentsiya evanhu maitiro

Kusiyana zvoupfumi murume (Taylor) pfungwa, pfungwa dzevanhu munzanga maitiro akaisa mberi Elton Mayo. Management ndehwokuti kuwedzera negoho ari chikwata. The basa seboka, somumwe magariro, akasiyana nesummativnosti pfuma, kureva, irreducibility ehupfumi wegadziriro kuti vakaverenga zvivako zviri zvinhu zvayo. Nhengo mudonzvo, mumwe nomumwe wavo ari munhu ane zvavanoda, anoda, zvinangwa, chimiro anogara akasiyana nemamwe magariro.

utariri nzira zvainanga mugadziriro kushanda zvinobudirira. Chikwata choga kugadziridzwa. Asi kazhinji achitaura, mumwe kudzora mamiriro kwakavakirwa authoritarianism, kungava kwenguva pfupi, uye inoshanda chete pasi zvimwe ezvinhu. Human mabasa anogona chete kubudirira chete kuti anosangana zvaanoda ari proviso.