Andes - ndeapi nyika idzi? Nyika dzeAndes: mamiriro ekunze, zvigadzirwa

Nyika yeAndes ndiyo inyika yeAndiean Community. Yakaumbwa muna 1969 nenyika matanhatu: Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Colombia neChile.

Parizvino, boka iri rinoshanda semusangano wesangano. Imwe mitero yemitambo yakatangwa, uye imwe shanduro yebhizimisi yakashandiswa kune dzimwe nyika.

Geological structure uye mineral resources

IAndes ndiyo gomo guru pane rose munyika. Kureba kwebhandi regomo makiromita 9000, pakureba ivo vari pasi peHimalaya chete. Makomo makumi mapfumbamwe emakomo anopfuura kudarika kwemakiromita matanhatu, uye nzvimbo yakakwirira - Gomo reAconcagua - rinosvika mamiriyoni 6960. Andes iri pamucheto wechipfini ye lithospheric - South South, iyo inosungirirwa pamatombo ematombo anotsetseka kubva mumucheka apo danda reNazca rakasvibirira pasi peplate huru.

Makomo emakomo, miitiro yakafanana yokuputira gungwa, maketani emakomo. Mhirizhonga yeSouth America inoshanda, nguva nenguva inomuka uye ichidururira maruva, ayo anozadza midzi midzi midzi nemipata, ichiumba nzvimbo yakakwirira yevava.

Maminerari echinhu ichi chekondinendi akachengetedzwa kumigwagwa ye intermontane uye makomo emakomo eAndes. Nyika dzeAndean dzinomira nokuti dzakachengetwa mashoma emaminerari. Pano amaminera akadai semhangura, zinc, mutungamiri, molybdenum, tini, nezvimwewo.

Tichifunga nezvegadziriro yezve geological, zvinokwanisika kutaura kuti zvii zvicherwa munyika dzeAndes. Zvinyorwa zveLatin America nyika dzakasiyana zvikuru. Mumakomo mune zvinhu zvakadai segypsum, mitsipa yemarasha, munyu, mercury, ndarama, platinum, sirivha. Nyika dzose dzeAndean dzinogona kuzvirumbidza nehuwandu hunokwana hwematombo anokosha uye asina maturo, somuenzaniso amethysts, topazes, agates, nezvimwe.

Mamiriro ezvematunhu eAndes

IAndes inofanana negomo guru, izvo zvikamu zvaro zvinopesana kubva kune mumwe. Nokuda kwekudzidza, maAndes akaparadzaniswa kuva nyika inei physico-geographical, iyo yakabatanidzwa nenhamba yezvikamu.

Nyika dzeAndesan dzeLatin America dzinodziya kumaodzanyemba, asi mamiriro avo emamiriro okunze akasiyana zvishoma kubva kune mumwe.

Northern Andes

Panharaunda yezvikomo izvi: chikamu cheEcuador, Venezuela neColombia. Iyi nyika yepanyama inosanganisira: Caribbean Andes, Andes eEcuador uye North-West Andes.

Mamiriro ekunze pano ari equatorial uye subequatorial. Kuwanda kwemvura kunzvimbo yePacific kunosvika 8,000 mm pagore, munzvimbo dzomukati ikoko kune mvura shoma, asi hapana nguva dzakasviba. Muchikamu chekumabvazuva, kunaya kwemvura kunoderera, pazvikamu zvezasi zvezvikomo zvezvikomo zvinokura kunze kwezhizha-mavara mashizha matema, asi kumusoro kwepamusoro pe 1000 mamita, giria inotanga inotanga.

Pakati pematope, mukati memvura yakaderera, saka pano kune zhizha chete-remavara kana mashizha akaoma.

Central Andes

Mamiriro ezvinhu akaparadzana muBolivia nePeruvia Andes, tk. Nharaunda dzenyika idzi dziri munzvimbo iyi yemakomo.

ICent Andes inopesana nemhepo yakaoma. Chikamu chinonyanyisa ndecheBolivia Andes. Kuwandisa kwemvura hakuiti kudarika 300 mm pagore. Asi kubva kumucheto wemamita 3 500 pamusoro pegungwa, kuwanda kwemvura kunowedzera, saka mbatata, bhari uye zvimwe zviyo zvinokura pano. Maguta makuru makuru ariwo munzvimbo iyi.

Ivhareji yekupisa mukati megore iri + 20-23 ° C. Muzhizha, chikamu ichi cheAndes chinoshuva zvakakwana, +18 ° C, munguva yechando kutonhora kuri + 15 ° C. Panzvimbo yePacific kugadzikana kwakadzika.

Subtropical Andes

Chinenge chaipo zvachose inharaunda yeChile. Muchikamu chekumusoro kwemakomo, kuwandisa kwemvura kwakanyanya zvikuru - 10 mm pagore. Heino Atacama Jwenga.

Sasi yerenje iyo yakawanda yemvura inowedzera kusvika 1500 mm pagore.

Ivhareji yekupisa munaJanuary is + 22 ° C, munaJuly - kubva pa12 ° C kusvika + 18 ° C.

Muchikamu chekuwandisa kwemvura kunobvumira, masango emvura emhepo inotonhora inokura. Sezvo kunaya kunononoka, masango akaoma-mavhiri anooneka, shrub miti, inopinda murenje.

Patagonian Andes

Iyi chikamu chegomo chegomo ndiyo yakaderera uye yakapatsanurwa. Kumadokero kumatope anenge 5000 mm yemvura inonaya gore, uye kutonhora muzhizha uye munguva yechando kune 15 ° C.

Kune kumadokero kwematope, kuwandisa kwemvura kunopera kusvika 1500 mm, uye inowanzopisa kupisa kwegore kunowedzera kusvika + 20 ° C kusvika + 24 ° C.

Community Andean

Nyika dzose dzeAndes dzine nhoroondo yakafanana. Kunyangwe kusati kwave nekuvandudzwa kwenyika idzi nevakoloni kubva kumadokero kweEurope, vagari vemakomo - maIndia - vakavandudza tsika yavo uye hupfumi. Nyika yekare munharaunda yeAndes yaiva nesimba mune zvehupfumi uye mune zvehupfumi. Kwete kungoita zvekurima uye zvipfuwo zvinokura zvakagadzirwa pano, asi kugoverwa kwemigodhi yemaminerari akasiyana-siyana kwakaitikawo. Zvose izvi zvakaparadzwa pamwe nekuuya kwesimba revanokunda kubva kuBritain, France nePortugal.

Makoroni akaunza mari zhinji kune dzimwe nyika dzokutanga. Kubudirira kwehupfumi kwakaenda mune imwe nzira. Asi mushure mekusunungurwa kwehurumende kubva kune hutungamiri hwekoloni nyika dzeAndesen dzakaenda nenzira dzakasiyana, saka, hupfumi hwemazuva ano hweLatin America hwakasiyana zvikuru.

Kuvandudza mamiriro avo ezvinhu, nyika dzeAndesen dzakagadzira kubatana - Mutungamiri weAndes. Saka vaida kuwedzera misika yemarudzi, iyo yakange yakaparadzana. Somugumisiro, mimwe mitero yemitambo yakatanga kuiswa, huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwemabhizimisi hwakaitika, uye hupfumi hwakasimudzirwa hurumende - Bolivia neEcuador - dzakapiwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zveAU ndezvekusika kwechirongwa chekugadzirisa, uko basa remasimani risina kukwana. Muenzaniso weMusangano weAndesan wakafanana nemuenzaniso weEuropean Union, ine zvishoma zvishoma.

IAU inosanganisira mitatu miviri mikuru:

- Purezidhendi. Pano tsanangudzo yekubatanidza mitemo iri kutarisa zvinodiwa zvemasangano. Mhinduro yacho inofungidzirwa.

- Council of Foreign Ministers. Inoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana akaenzana nedzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinonyanya kushanda pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweboka mukutaurirana kwakasiyana-siyana kwenyika dzakawanda nemasangano.

- General Secretariat. Icho chikwata chekutungamirirwa chinotungamirirwa neMunyori-Gumi akasarudzwa neChristian Council.

Mamwe masangano anobatsira: Paramende yeAndes, Dare reAndes, General Secretariat, nezvimwewo.

Nyika yeAndes muSouth America yakafanana neEuropean Union muEurope.