APEC - decoding. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: mazita enyika

Munyika mune mashoma kubudirira dzakawanda uye Regional masangano akadai, umo nechepakati basa reDare bhizimisi zvekutepfenyura. Rimwe remasangano aya - ari APEC. Achiongorora zvaive abbreviations unorira Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.

History chokusika

APEC kushamwaridzana akatanga kuvapo kwayo muna 1989. State-Vagadziri kushamwaridzana aiva akafanana chido - kusimudza mureza vapenyu muna Asia-Pacific nharaunda nokuita kuti masero upfumi uye unosimbisa kutengeserana.

Tanga munharaunda kuisa chirongwa indasitiri, vagotengeseranamo Nhaurirano. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation inosanganisira 21 inotaura. Uyu Australia uye Brunei, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Indonesia uye Canada, China uye Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand uye Papua - New Guinea, Peru, Russia, Singapore uye United States, Thailand uye Taiwan, Philippines, uyewo Chile uye Japan.

Mushure Russia, Peru uye Vietnam vave kuiswawo pakati pemazita pokuita nyika kushamwaridzana (muna 1997), nharaunda akaita akatanga-gore 10 moratorium pakuwedzera ndandanda vanotarisira nhengo munharaunda.

Manyuko inotungamirwa nevamwe

Tikatora APEC, iyo unorira inopangidza of Asia-Pacific Economic Community, hazvina pakutanga kuonekwa semubatanidzwa kuti inotaura, uyewo tandem upfumi. The sangano pakutanga zvainanga kugadzirisa kwete enyika, asi evasingatombonamati zvoupfumi nyaya. APEC yakaumbwa somunhu Forum kuti haana kwesangano marongerwo uye izvo hazvina kumira chero muboka revatungamiriri. Kunyange nhasi, ari Joint Secretariat, iri Singapore, kusanganisira 23 vamiriri. Mumwe nomumwe vamiririri akasarudzwa nhengo upfumi racho. The revanyori Unobudisawo 20 vemo vashandi salaried. Tichienzanisa WTO, APEC, iro inopangidza iyo anopiwa pamusoro, hazvina kwakavakirwa nemitemo inotungamirwa masangano kuti variritire Kuwanikwa simba pravoprinuzhdeniyu ari chiitiko wezvokutengeserana kukakavadzana.

The chaizvo ari Kudyidzana

The chaizvo basa iri Consulting uye achiedza kusvika nekubvirana. Pfungwa pakudyidzana pakati inoti kunobva pakachena kupanana ruzivo pakati munyika uye veruzhinji. Nzanga inobva vechikamu Nekubatanidza seboka uye munhu urongwa hwezvekuita kuti ekubatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa mumwe nomumwe States. Plans zvinosanganisira mashoko udzamu 15 sectors yebasa. Pakati pavo, mutengo uye kwete mhosva kuita, mabasa uye mari, mitemo uye conformance, tsika dzokuita kudzivirirwa rezvedzidzo kodzero, mitemo iri yemakwikwi hwaro uye varayirwa hurumende, kusunungurwa mitemo zvinhu uye yakananga Mediation munyaya, ari kufamba zvemabhizimisi vanhu, muunganidzwa uye yevasungwa mashoko.

Global basa APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation anofukidza vanenge 40% vemo. The zvachose GDP yose pokuita nyika akapfuudza mufananidzo 16 matiririyoni emadhora, iyo unoenderana 60% pose GDP. APEC vatungamiriri vava huchashandiswa chikuru kutsigira rakazaruka zvokutengeserana uye kutanga pamwe munzvimbo zvoupfumi. Mugove nhengo munyika rokuzvidavirira kweinenge 42% zvachose nyika kutengeserana. Basa boka iri okupedzisira 20 apfuura kwakawedzera zvikuru. Zvino vemunharaunda nokushingaira:

• liberalized tengeserana;
• kukurudzira chero mhando basa ;
• zvinopa kungoreva zvinobatsira zveupfumi uye michina Kudyidzana;
• kubata nyaya ouduku nevakadzi.

General pfungwa uye zvaunofarira

APEC, ane decoding rakapiwa kumusoro, inobva kubvuma kuti basa - ndiro basa hwaro, uye kuti abudirire zvinofanira dzinovhurika. Mukutanga mumatanho munharaunda basa kuitwa hurongwa yokubvunza akanakisisa vamiririri yebhizimisi chidimbu muna Asia-Pacific nharaunda.

Muna 1995 kwakasarudzwa kuti pave Business Advisory Board, iyo yakava inokosha muviri wese munharaunda. All nyika APEC nhengo anogadzwa kuti bhodhi vanhu vanenge 3 vaigona kutaura zvido basa renyika. Annual RESE ABAC nguva vamiririri zvavo vanorumbidza dzaitaurwa zvinotevera nyaya:

• Implementation munharaunda chirongwa mapepa, izvo chokuita kuti mazvake wezvokutengeserana kwete chete, asiwo inivhesitimendi utongi;
• Kugadzirwa kwoupfumi uye kwesayenzi kudyidzana;
• kuziva nzvimbo chokuita nenzanga matambudziko zvebhizimisi.

Imwe neimwe mishumo haina kuumbwa yoga yoga ehurumende, uye vari pedyo pamwe nenyanzvi kubva ehurumende zvivako.

Yokutanga inoshanda matanho

APEC, iyo nguva achiudza pamwe pakarongwa nyika, okutanga zvingaitwa zvibereko wokurera muna 1990-2000. Kusimbiswa kuti taifanira anoitwa vhiza nzira kuti vanamuzvinabhizimisi ari upfumi kwenhengo shamwari. Vava zvipingamupinyi kune vakasununguka kufamba kwete chete nezvinhu asiwo inivhesitimendi. Rinokurudzira kuwedzera inokosha abatsire nokure mubhizimisi Kudyidzana. Task Force Bắc kutanga basa zviyero kuti kudyidzana kwezvinhu pose zvinogamuchirika mitemo zvokunyama. Kuti atore basa matanho vakananga kuvaka kugona nekugona nokusimbaradza mari ichaita munyika yakati.

Target boka nyanzvi mukati munharaunda ari kuita zvose zvaanogona kuti akwanise e-zvokutengeserana. Kunotangwa chine matanho kuderedza "digitaalinen kamura" pakati APEC upfumi. List kuti nhengo Nyika Association unokubvumira kuona sei zvakasiyana aiva padanho kusangana pakati chaivo ruzivo mune nokure bhizimisi akasiyana anoti. Nhasi, dambudziko iri rave kugadziriswa zvachose.

Kukwirira yokutanga muRussia

Muna May 2001, mairi vachinzi musangano wayo wokutanga muMoscow muna Kuumbwa kwechokwadi kwaiva APEC Forum. Rakanga wakapindwa 100 vamiririri bhizimisi vepamusoro ATP. Russia, nokuti ayo chikamu, akatanga pakagadzwa "APEC Business Club", izvo zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura 50 pamwero mukuru mumhuri makambani uye mabhanga, izvo avo mabasa vanotungamirirwa nomudzimu Asia-Pacific nharaunda.

Maererano purezidhendi weRussia, nyika anoda Zvinoshingaira kukura enzanga, kusanganisira kwadzakabva munyika zviri pamutemo yemibvunzo pamwe yakafanana kukura hweruzhinji. mamiriro hurumende kukuru anonyatsoziva kuti pasi dynamically kukura kutengeserana mudunhu, ane rakaisvonaka vangangoramba kubudirira.

Summit 2014 muna Beijing

Wokupedzisira APEC manhengatenga yakaitwa Beijing muna November 2014. Hurukuro kwakaguma 24-peji kuzivisa. Vatungamiriri nhengo-inoti vakasarudza kuita kuti masero entrepreneurial basa uye kuti kuramba vachishingairira akananga kuramba protectionism.

APEC kumusangano muna Beijing rava hwaro Member yemakambani akaramba kundorwa kusabatana remunharaunda kutengeserana. The Community ndehwokuti kuva Internet-mari. Uyezve, kwakasarudzwa anenge pachisarudzo charakaita chibvumirano pamusoro pokumuka nzvimbo pakudyidzana pamwe inoti African, izvo kwenguva ndiko kudzivirira kupararira denda pakati Ebola.

APEC kumusangano muna Beijing akanga nezvezvandaifanira kugadzirisa dambudziko iri dambudziko. Kusimbisa yakaiswa nezvokuti neimwe nyika anofanira kutsvaka kutyaira mauto kuti upfumi hwayo.