The kunetsana mumabhuku - ndechokuti pfungwa? Types, marudzi uye mienzaniso mukurwisana mumabhuku

Chii chinoita muverengi Tarisa peji ane basa Uri rokutanga? Mumwe akatora bhuku nekuti zita romunyori, mumwe akabwembura catchy kana nokudenha rokuremekedza nyaya kana yokufungidzira. Zvino? Chii chinogona kuita kuti kuverenga peji kubudikidza peji, nokusashivirira, "kumedza" akadhindwa mutsetse? Chokwadi, zano! Uye rakapinza iye akamonyanisa kupfuura zvinorwadza evanhu, kuti kunakidza muverengi kutevera kukura kwayo.

The chikuru chezvinonhuwira yacho yakanaka dzichiri rangano - kupesana mabhuku ibasa, nhaurwa pamusoro nezvido uye vatambi, yakasiyana manzwisisire zvinhu. izvi zvose apedzisire kuti ukama pakati mabhuku mifananidzo pake senhungamiro, kutanga rangano.

Kutsunga makakatanwa uye sei rikashandiswa

Zvakakodzera kufunga pfungwa iyi muudzame, sezvo hondo. Definition mumabhuku imwe zvakananga chimiro, kugamuchirwa imwe mhando inoratidza pavanotaurirana evanhu evanhu vanonyanya kutaurwa, yakasiyana kunzwisisa chete mamiriro ezvinhu, tsanangudzo zvikonzero manzwiro avo, pfungwa uye zvishuvo mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana kana chete, uye pane kunetsana. In zvakawanda nyore, zvakaoma pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, rudo uye ruvengo, chokwadi uye nhema.

Kurwisana pakati antagonisms, tinowana mubasa nerimwe mifananidzo, kana iri nyaya pfupi, imwe paakaita the saga, Risingakanganwiki yokufungidzira kana kutamba kuti mutambo yemitambo. kuvapo kunetsana chete anogona yokuisa pfungwa mirayiridzo iyi, kuvaka njanji, ronga unhu ukama vakomana nenzira.

Yemunyori Kugona nguva kupesana ezvinhu chokurondedzera, ipa vakomana wakajeka vatambi, kukwanisa kudzivirira chokwadi ayo hazvo vaverengi vanofarira kuverenga uye kuti chigadzirwa kupedzisa. Kubva nguva nenguva zvakafanira kuti kutsviriridza kuchiva, ndinosika ane untenable mamiriro ezvinhu, uye ipapo rinobvumira unhu kuti abudirire kuakunda. Vanofanira kutora ngozi, ibva, mupfungwa uye mumuviri kutambura, zvichiita vaverengi kuti yose murwi ose manzwiro kubva munyoro nounyoro pakadzika asambofarirwa yezviito zvavo.

Chii chinofanira kuva kunetsana

vatenzi romubati mashoko vechokwadi kubvumira vatambi vavo kuti nokudzivirira nemaonero avo, zvikuru entrained ari richikurukura manzwiro avo uye kufunga vaverengi akasiyana netsika dzakanaka. Chete iyi, zvinobikwa weuto mafeni pachamera uye zadzai mudzidzi unyanzvi okuti vemazera akasiyana, magariro mapoka akasiyana, siyana zvedzidzo. Kana munyori akakwanisa andobata mapeji okutanga muverengi afunge uye kuiita mune imwe Chiitiko kana pfungwa kunetsana kusvika kwokupedzisira pfungwa - rumbidzo uye kukudzwa kunyora kwake! Asi izvi zvikasaitika kakawanda, uye kana kurwisana kuti ingano hakurevi somusidhari snowball, regai zvinosanganisirei pachisarudzo chavo kune vatambi vatsva, ane zvinetso wayo, kutanga chakakonzera pakutanga mubereko hakuiti smognut kana yokufungidzira, kana yokufungidzira kana kutamba, kunyange akakurumbira munyori.

Zano inofanira kuva simba monyorora kune imwe pfungwa, nokusika zvikuru incredible mamiriro: kushaya njere, kwakakwana uye yakajeka kutyisidzira, kutya, kurasikirwa - zvakakodzera kuchengeta mutauri. Kuti ingakutemesa? Chete rakapinza kwezana rangano. Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukonzerwa zvaisafungidzirwa kuwanikwa chaizomuita kuti ave nemhosva nemabhii yakasiyana nyaya - ari kubiwa kwezvinhu hunogutsa hwokuti chokwadi munhu. Muchitsauko chimwe, gamba anogona kuva chapupu ane mhosva kana piquant mamiriro ezvinhu, imwe - kuva pachake muvambi chinhu zvakawanda. In wechitatu zvingaita sokuti kufungira vanoitisana zvaakapikira anoziva chinhu, asi kunzwa kuvapo kwavo. Zvadaro kungava kuti ichi hachisi vanoitisana, uye vavengi kwezvakatipoteredza pedyo naye sezvo achigara pedyo yakavanzwa. Regai dzimwe nguva mienzaniso kunetsana mumabhuku sokuti banal, kure-akadzitora, asi vanofanira kuchengeta muverengi zviri kugara makakatanwa.

Mugumisiro Conflict zano acuteness

Bedzi kutambura uye nematambudziko ari protagonist ounyanzvi anogona vafarire uye tsitsi chete nguva kufara, kana hondo haangazozikamwi zvinobatanidzwa, uye yechipiri mabhii chokurondedzera. Pavanotaurirana zvinokosha kudzamisa uye kuwedzera, kupa chomunda hutsva, kupenya uye hasha.

Vanoswerera kupopotedzana, kunyange yakakwirira manzwiro uye umhandara mutsvene, vachakwanisa kumutsa ari muverengi chido kutsausa munhu peji kuchifinha mu kugumbuka. Nekuti dzematongerwe une Chokwadi, chikuru, asi kana zviri pachena wose uye asingauyi kusika boka mibvunzo, uye captivate fungidziro munhu havazokwanisi, uye isu, kana isu Unganidzai bhuku, ndaifanira inopenya manzwiro. Kunetsana mumabhuku - iri kudenhwa.

Ipa harigoni chete nokuvhiringidza jumble ezvinhu sezvo zvakajeka uye chaiyoiyo chinangwa mabhii kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo anotakura yose basa pasina aizomupandukira, kunyange apo munyori runodzingira vatambi vake Inferno kuti chido. Chero dzairwisana vemapato vanofanira kupa kukura rangano rimwe rayo dzesango, hazvina musoro antics enrage muverengi, mumwe - ake wakadzikama mutongo uye chiito chokutanga. Asi zvose vane kugadzirisa rimwe dambudziko - kusika hasha rondedzero.

A noumhizha sezvo kupangidza mukurwisana

Chiizve kunze mabhuku, anogona chichitibvuta upenyu hwezuva nezuva uye kugutsa waitwa varo? Romantic ukama, izvo dzimwe nguva havana zvakakwana. Kuenda zvekumwe nyika, izvo chaizvoizvo mari kwete vose. Achiisa matsotsi, akavanda pasi achinyepera mutemo uye vanoremekedzwa mugari. A muverengi ari kutsvaka mubhuku kuti chichikusvota naye, uye ainetseka zvikuru vanofarira imwe nguva, asi muupenyu chaihwo kana naye kana shamwari dzake chinhu chakadai zvinoitika. The Musoro kunetsana mumabhuku anozadza kudiwa ichi. Tinoziva sei zvinoitika, kuti kana akanzwa. dambudziko Chero, chero mamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu, unogona kuwana nayo mumabhuku uye yose gamut manzwiro kuti aenderere mberi.

Forms uye mhando mukurwisana

Mabhuku yakajeka dzakawanda chaizvo kurwisana: rudo, pfungwa, uzivi, magariro uye mudzimba, yokufananidzira, mupfungwa, zvechitendero, zvechiuto. Chokwadi, ichi hachisi mishoma, tine chete kuti funga mikuru Mapato, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo mazita iconic mabasa anoratidza chimwe kana kupfuura pakubhadhara idzi kunetsana. Somuenzaniso, Shakespeare kuti nhetembo "Romeo uye Juliet", pasina kupinda demagogy, anogona kunzi kune rudo mhando. The ukama pakati pevanhu, izvo akavakirwa parudo, zvinoratidza inopenya, zvinosuwisa, tariro. Chimiro mumutambo basa iri zvinoratidza sezvo pasina mumwe zvakawanda tsika Classics. Zvarongwa "Dubrovsky" chete inodzokorora dingindira "Romeo uye Juliet" uye inogona Muenzaniso, asi nyaya yakaisvonaka Pushkin wacho tinoyeuchidzwa vachine pashure kudaidzwa wakakurumbira zvikuru Drama of Shakespeare.

Zvakakosha nezvedzimwe mhando yokurwisana mumabhuku. Achitaura pamusoro mupfungwa, tinoyeuchidzwa Byron kuti "Don Juan". Mufananidzo protagonist ane nharo uye saka zvakajeka anotaurawo dzomunyika yokurwisana pakati munhu, ndiko zvinowanzoitika mumiririri akati kunetsana zvaizova zvakaoma kufungidzira.

storylines vanoverengeka itsva mundima "Eugene Onegin", nounyanzvi akasika vatambi anowanzoramba rudo, uye kuti zvakanaka, uye pfungwa kurwisana. The kurwisana pfungwa dzakasiyana, achiti ukuru rimwe pamusoro mumwe ndiEzekieri, ichipfuura raishanda ose mabhuku kusikwa, zvachose dzevakawanda muverengi waro storyline uye kunetsana.

The coexistence yokurwisana vanoverengeka mabhuku

Weave marudzi, zviri kuchenjera kutora muenzaniso hombe fomu zvidimbu kutarisa zvikuru zvakananga panguva sei kusawirirana zvinoshandiswa mabhuku mabasa: "Hondo uye Rugare" NdiTolstoy kuti "The Nemurubaka", "The Brothers Karamazov," "nedhimoni" by Fyodor Dostoevsky, "Taras Bulba "by N. Gogol Drama" imba A Doll kuti "by Ibsen. muverengi ose anogona kusika pasi nyaya, mabhuku enganonyorwa, mitambo, umo zviri nyore kuti kuronda ari coexistence pakati pemakakatanwa akawanda. Kazhinji hazvina vstrnechaetsya, pamwe nevamwe, uye kurwisana zvizvarwa mabhuku Russian.

Somuenzaniso, mu "The nedhimoni" ngaiteerere prospector anowana dzokufananidzira, rudo, uzivi, magariro uye nezvipfuwo, uye kunyange mupfungwa kunetsana. Mumabhuku koda zvose chii anochengeta storyline. "Hondo uye Rugare" akapfuma pavanotaurirana mifananidzo uye unoreva zvakawanda zviitiko zvakare. The kukonana yakarongwa, kunyange musoro yokufungidzira. Kuongorora vacho wemagamba ake, mumwe nomumwe anogona kuwanikwa donzhuanovsky mupfungwa kusawirirana. Per Bezuhov anozvidza Helen asi vakaritora sowakajeka. Natasha Rostova vachifara rudo kuna Andreyu Bolkonskomu, asi rinotungamirirwa nomudzimu chivi chido Anatole Kuragin. Socio-mhuri kupesana fembera rudo Sony kuna Nikolai Rostov uye kubatanidzwa murudo urwu mhuri yose. uye saka neimwe chitsauko, mumwe nomumwe diki A kubvuta zvose pamwe chete -. Usingafi, chigadzirwa kukuru, usina akaenzana.

Bright mufananidzo generational kunetsana munyika yokufungidzira "Fathers uye Sons"

No pezvinofadza zvishoma se "Hondo uye Rugare", akakodzera imwe itsva ne Ivan Turgenev "Fathers uye Sons." Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi basa - kuratidzwa Pfungwa kurwisana, kunetsana zvizvarwa. Pasina mubvunzo, kukwirira kwakaita pfungwa dzavo pamusoro vamwe vanhu, ivo, noruremekedzo akaenzana ose vatambi zvavakagoverwa achadzivirira nyaya, rinosimbisa nokusatya ichi. Kunyange aripo kunetsana pakati rudo uye Bazarov Odintsov hapana zviripo pamusoro colour ane kurerutsa hondo zvakafanana Bazarov uye Pavel Petrovich. Muverengi anotambura pamwe navo, kunzwisisa uye tuzvikonzero umwe, akazvidza umwe kupa zvavanotenda. Asi mumwe nomumwe kutaurwa izvi ndizvo uyewo vatongi, uye pakati vatsigiri chigadzirwa vachivakuza. kunetsana zvizvarwa mabhuku Russian, kumwe kuratidzwa zvakajeka kudaro.

Muhondo pfungwa vamiririri makirasi maviri akasiyana, akatsanangura zvishoma inopenya, asi ichi ndicho kunyange kusiririsa - Bazarov mafungiro pachinhu vabereki vavo. Hausi kunetsana? Pano inongova mimwe - the pfungwa kana akanyanya mumagariro uye mudzimba? Pane chimwe chiitiko chiri zvinoshamisa, inorwadza, kunyange kutyisa.

Turgenev akasika mufananidzo nihilist ose huripo mabasa ounyanzvi kucharamba nharo zvikuru mabhuku hunhu, uye yokufungidzira rakanyorwa muna 1862 - inopfuura hafu adarika. Uyu haazi uchapupu shasha ari yokufungidzira?

Kupangidza mumagariro uye mudzimba kupesana mumabhuku

Mumashoko mashomanene hatina kare kutaurwa ichi mhando kurwisana, asi sezvarinokodzera uwane kukurukurwa. In "Evgenii Onegine," Pushkin, iye akazivisa mashoko nyore, saka anosangana isu zvakajeka chete mitsetse basa yokutanga, kuti chinhu hazvirevi nesimba pairi, kunyange kwakakura rudo Tatiana uye kukurumidza rufu Lensky.

"Pose upenyu hwemhuri denderedzwa, ndinoda tikadzivisa ... Chii chingava kupfuura munyika mhuri ..." - anoti Eugene, uye kutenda maari, kunzwisisa iye, kunyange kana muverengi, uye mamwe maonero nezvenyaya! Saka siyana pachavo tsika Onegin uye Lensky, zviroto zvavo, zvido, mararamiro - zvikuru pakatarisana - anoratidza chinhu kupfuura tsoziva munzanga uye mudzimba kupesana mabhuku. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti nyika mbiri inopenya, nhetembo uye prose, chando uye moto. Izvi zviviri polar zvakapesana havagoni mushandirapamwe kuvapo pamwechete; apotheosis makakatanwa - rufu Lensky ari duel.

Kwouzivi uye yokufananidzira siyana yokurwisana uye nzvimbo yavo mabhuku

Kana kukonana kwouzivi muenzaniso wakakwana nokuda kwake kudzidza, pane mabasa Fedora Dostoevskogo, kubva pakutanga miniti uye haana kurangarira. "The Brothers Karamazov", "fuza", "Teenager" uye mberi pasi mazita usingafi chenhaka Fedorov Mikhailovich - zvose yakarukwa kubva wakanakisisa neshinda nokufunga kwouzivi anenge pasina chaakasiya vacho mabasa ake. Dostoevsky kuti mabasa - mienzaniso mukurwisana mumabhuku zvakajeka! Kuti pane hwakaipa (asi kuti vatambi panzvimbo zvaigara) dingindira upombwe, ichipfuura yose yokufungidzira "Madhimoni,", uye kunyanya kutaurwa yairambidzwa chitsauko refu "Fedor". Mashoko api zvaunofarira aya vanoruramiswa uye akatsanangura - chinhu asi romukati kurwisana ane chimiro kwouzivi.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa okufananidzira zvakagadzirwa M. Maeterlinck "Blue Bird". Chaizvoizvo unoparara dzemwoyo, ndiEzekieri. The kwokufananidzira kusanduka kutenda, tariro, kuzvicheka-kudavira ngano shiri - Zano muenzaniso kuti kurwisana uku.

Uyewo yokufananidzira mahwindimiri Cervantes, mweya wababa Hamlet muna Shakespeare, madenderedzwa pfumbamwe hero iri Dante. Modern vanyori kushandisa zvishoma kwokufananidzira sechinhu kurwa, asi vazere epics.

Types yokurwisana nemabasa Gogol

Mabasa munyori mukuru mu Russia neUkraine vari nomuti okufananidzira zvakajeka segwapa nemadhimoni ake, mermaids, brownies - the divi rakashata mweya yevanhu. Nganonyorwa "Taras Bulba" rwakasiyana chaizvo ruzhinji mabasa Nikolai Vasilievich rakakwana kushayikwa otherworldly mifananidzo - zvose zviri zvechokwadi, ari nhoroondo wakarurama, uye pakupfutidza kukonana hakusi muduku kuti chikamu ichocho nemanyepo, iyo iripo mune ose mabhuku basa pakawanda.

Mhando Typical yokurwisana mumabhuku: rudo, mufaro, mupfungwa, generational kupesana hunogona kungoparara kurondwa mu "Taras Bulba". In mabhuku Russian, mufananidzo Andria saka zvinosimbiswa somuenzaniso, apo ivo rakasungirwa, hazvina zvakakodzera kuenda kamwe zvakare kunyika achitsanangura chii chaizvo mifananidzo inogona kurondwa. Zvaringana kuverenga bhuku uye tikaswedera pane dzimwe pfungwa zvikuru kuteerera. Conflicts nemabasa mabhuku Russian iyi uye rikashandiswa.

Uye zvishoma pamusoro kukonana

Kune mhando dzakawanda kunetsana: enyambo, lyrical, satirical, zvinoshamisa, chinosetsa. vanonzi mhando ichi pretentious, vari kushandiswa kuwedzera manyorero Genre mabasa.

Mhando idzi yokurwisana mumabhuku sechinhu rondedzero - yechitendero, mhuri, kwemadzinza - kupfuura mabasa nhengo misoro uye kupesana kwakaitwa chokurondedzera yose. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo nebope anogona kuratidza nyama divi nyaya kana itsva ruvengo, unyoro, rudo. Kuti asimbise zvimwe zvacho zviri ukama pakati vatambi, yokurodza kurwisana pakati pavo. Definition of pfungwa iyi mabhuku kwenguva refu nguva ane akasiyana chimiro. Yokurwisana, nebope, kurwisana kana zvakafanira, kushandisa yakawanda wakajeka pakati kwete chete hunhu vacho uye chikuru storyline, asiwo yose gadziriro pfungwa kuti zvinoratidzwa chigadzirwa. The kunetsana rinoshanda chero prose: chevana, mutikitivha, munhukadzi, oupenyu, vhidhiyo. nemhando dzose uye mhando mukurwisana haana kunyorwa, vari adjectives - vakawanda. Asi pasina pavo havana kusikwa hapana chisikwa. Nyaya uye mukakavadzane mabhuku zvakabatana.