Apo yakadzika mwoyo? Deep yomugungwa zvimwiro

Kwemakore akawanda mukudzika kwegungwa twakawandawanda vanhu. Mvura, sezvo tichiziva, zvinoda zvinopfuura 2/3 Nyika pevhu. Saka, zvinobvira kuti ndinzwisise yakareba chaizvo nguva. Deep yomugungwa zvimwiro mazuva ano kukwezva nyanzvi dzakawanda. Hazvishamisi, nokuti vanhu kare achitsvaka pakuziva asingazivikanwi. Mukuwedzera, pemigero pamepu akazviratidza nekaupenyu achangobva.

Zvisinei, havasi vose hwokugadzira nezvaanogona inotipa kuda kuziva kwako. The nyanza vachiri kuchengeta zvakasimba zvakavanzika zhinji yakavanzwa pasi pemvura. Vanhu chete mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, akatanga kuongorora zvakadzama zvanza uye mumipata. Uye zvinoreva kuti tine zvakakwana kwenguva refu kuti vanovengwa kudzidza.

Apo yakadzika mwoyo

Zvinozivikanwa kuti pasi nyanza - bani, riri pane imwe kudzika zvuru zviviri metres anosvika 6 metres pasi furrowed zvikamu vamwe, kufanana wrinkles, dimples ... Vane zvakasiyana pakadzika. in Ava kunyanya munzvimbo geologic basa. Kupfuura zviuru 8. Metres ainyatsonzwisisa yavo.

sei mwoyo zvakadzama

chitarisiko chavo chokuita pezvakaitwa kwakaitika dzekare, kana Earth edu akanga achiumba. Yanhasi zvakaoma kufungidzira makore apo panyika, hakuna munyanza. Zvisinei, izvi nguva vaiva.

Vanhu vachiri usaswedera kuwana zvizhinji ruzivo pamusoro pezvakaitwa kuitika zvose. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuberekwa dzomuchadenga tinoziva chinhu. Ngatisiyei parutivi Dzidziso naMwari uye kuudza pamusoro zvaanofunga nezvesayenzi. Giravhiti, izvo chaizvo, curl they tangles mapuraneti kubva chando gore negasi uye guruva. Izvi zvinogona nani nokufunga kufungidzira mwene akakungurutsa bun mukanyiwa. Chokwadi, balls aya vakawana kubva chimiro. Zvisinei, vakaramba kuenda zvose pamusoro zvakasikwa.

Education anoputika

Moyo nyika mumakore bhiriyoni makore kufamba muchadenga rokutanga kudziyirwa zvakasimba kumusoro. It pakarwiwa nesimba rinokweva marwadzo uye radioactive kuora ose isotopes noupenyu hurefu. Panguva isotopes vakadaro zvakanga zvakawanda kwazvo. Zviripachena, mudumbu puraneti zvino, chinhu chakafanana renyukireya vira iri - sezvainonyauswa rokumusoro chikamu paNyika nejasi. Uye zvakaita panguva iyoyo akatanga kuita anoputika. Huge rakawanda magasi, dota uye mvura mhute akatanga kudzingira navo. Uye mujinga anoputika inoyerera mabota moto-kufema.

Pakuonekwa madhamu uye penyanza chepuraimari

Nyika yedu yakafukidzwa bvungapfunga somugumisiro azvaiitwa. Iye akanyangarika shure kumakore, vatakuri navo, kunze kuputika magasi, hombe pavazhinjisa mvura mhute. Zvinofanira akati mumazuva iwayo nyika yakanga isina inopisa. Masayendisiti aidzidzisa, iro akawana kuti tembiricha iri nyika kumativi bhiriyoni makore oupenyu hwake rokutanga havana pfuura 15 ° C.

At panyika samadonhwe condensate anodonhera pasi kutonhora chiutsi. Somugumisiro, zviri kutanga akafuka yoga madhamu uye madziva. Pakutanga, pose Pasi, sezvo imi ikozvino kuziva, akanga asina kumeso uye kunyange. Zvisinei, hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka izvi vakawedzera somugumisiro kuputika basa. Water rikazadza dzegirini dzakasiyana pakadzika. Ose makuru inova yoga nyanza, chero vasina akabatanidzwa. Saka chinonyanya munyanza yakaumbwa. Tsanangudzo yakapiwa pamusoro, akapiwa Otto Yulevichem Shmidtom, musayendisiti Soviet. Chokwadi, pfungwa iyi pamakakatanwa, uyewo vamwe chero chakafanana nacho. Zvisinei, hapana munhu achiri asina kuisa mberi anobata Bhaibheri.

tectonic mwoyo

Zvino munoziva kuti dzegirini kuumbwa. Vari kuderedza pepasi. Apo yakadzika mwoyo? Vari vakawana vose panyika uye nemuGungwa uye gungwa. mavambo ravo kunyanya tectonic. Mune mamwe manzwi, inobatanidzwa basa anoputika edu nyika. Naizvozvo tectonic dzegirini nonyanya dzakawanda. Dzinomirira umo Notes mazhinji achideredza pamusoro goko paNyika nokuda kwemasayendisiti kuitika jasi (aro okumusoro chikamu, unonzi asthenosphere).

astenosphere

Shoko "asthenosphere" rinobva mumashoko maviri echiGiriki. Mumwe wavo rinoshandurwa se "simba", uye wechipiri - ari "bhora". Inenge 800-900? Km ndiyo astenosphere ukobvu. Ndicho kupfuura kubvongodzwa chikamu pepasi. Asthenosphere iduku gobvu pane yepazasi chikamu nejasi. Uyezve, zviri zvikuru kwakavharwa nenyama, kubvira kwayo vakawanda anozadza magma wakaumbwa ine yakadzika mavambo. The asthenosphere nguva zvinoitika kuti water drainage yacho chisimbiso zvinhu. Naizvozvo, magma chinoita dzose nguva. Zvino rovira, ipapo rinobuda.

lithosphere

Nguo makachengeteka anovanza zvikukutu zvakaoma goko pamusoro goko, pakukora iri kusvika 70? Km. goko nyika uye yokumusoro nejasi pamwe kuumba lithosphere. Zita iri riri uyewo wechiGiriki mavambo, uye ine mashoko maviri. Wokutanga wavo - "dombo", uye yechipiri - "Sphere". The yakanyungudutswa magma, rinokwira kubva pakadzika, anowedzera (kusvika kutsemuka) goko. Vazhinji mitswe izvi zviri kuitika zhinji yakadzika. Dzimwe nguva magma sangano kunyange kutungamirira nokuchinja mune rotational nokukurumidza, uye pano chimiro chayo.

Lithosphere - haisi homogeneous kuramba butiro. Inoitwa ndiro 13 guru - zvinogumbura, ane ukobvu kubva 60 kusvika 100 km. Zvose izvi lithospheric mahwendefa vane Oceanic uye Continental goko. Remasangano vacho American, Indo-Australian, Antarctic, Eurasian uye Pacific.

Plate rwokufamba zvakadzama dzegirini

Munguva kure kare kwaiva hurukuro dzakasiyana nyanza uye makondinendi, zvakafanira kuti ndiro rakaramba. Mazuvano, zvishoma nezvishoma diverging American uye African. American Plate floats zvishoma nezvishoma kune Pacific uye Eurasian uchifamba pedyo African, Pacific uye Indo-Australian.

Crustal kufamba nokuda tectonic basa yaiitwa zvose nguva nhoroondo yedu. In tiri kuumbwa panguva dzakasiyana. Ivo vanoonekwa ne zvakasiyana Geological zera. Volcanic uye sedimentary muzadze vakwegura in. Uye muduku zvakajeka kwakunoitwa kwakaita nzvimbo yacho yedu. Saka, vatsvakurudzi anogona nyore kuona apo pane zvakadzama dzegirini.

chimiro in

Achideredza goko nyika inogona warega kumativi ose, uye vazhinji vavo. Kazhinji ivo kusvika mhiri mazana makiromita, kanenge - chiuru. Kazhinji, chimiro chavo nekaupenyu wakagadzikana nzvimbo redu goko zvakawanda kana zvishoma woita, dzimwe nguva - denderedzwa. Asi foni mabhandi, apo pakadzika mwoyo, vane Linear chimiro. Uyewo, vanowanzoororwa parinoperera nezvikanganiso.

kuhondo

Depression - handiyo chete chiratidzo tiri kufarira Geological zvinhu. Mumakore achangopfuura, achinongedza kwavari, kakawanda vanoti, "kuhondo". Chokwadi chokuti mafungiro ichi zvikuru inonyatsobudisa chimiro mumakomba ichi mhando. Kune vakawanda munzvimbo, kuchinja pakati penyanza uye yakaoma. Kunyanya vakawanda yakadzika-Pacific resamende. Pane nembiya 16. Panewo rakadzika Atlantic muchimwiro (3). Kana Indian, pano pane chimwe chete mhango.

The kudzika rinonyatsooneka muzvinwiro kukasapfuura 10 zviuru. Mamita. Ivo dziri muna Pacific Ocean, unova mukuru. Mariana mumugero (pamepu, kuratidzwa pamusoro apa), gobvu muchimwiro ari kuzivisa, riri pano. "Challenger Deep" - zita raro wakandibaya yacho. udzamu Its anenge 11 thous. M. mupata uyu akawana zita rayo kubva Mariana Islands, iri pedyo nayo.

Nhoroondo kudzidza Mariana mugoronga

Masayendisiti atanga kuongorora nyaya iyi muna 1875. Panguva iyoyo "Challenger", mumwe corvette British, kunyudza yakadzika mijenya, izvo vakatsunga kuti ayo udzamu ndiyo 8367 m. The British muna 1951 akadzokorora ruzivo, asi nguva ino vaishandisa Akash. Kunonyanyisa udzamu, raakanga akasarudza aiva 10 863 metres. The itsva Mucherechedzo rakanyoreswa muna 1957. It chigaro Russian rwendo, iyo akaenda muchimwiro mungarava "Vityaz". A zvinyorwa zvitsva raiva 11.023 metres More ichangopfuura, muna 1995 uye 2011, zvidzidzo yaiitwa, akaratidza zvinotevera zvabuda -. 10 920 uye 10 994 metres, ukuwo. Zvinogoneka kuti kudzika Mariana mugoronga zvakawanda.