Archaism: Mienzaniso mumitauro Russian uye Chirungu

Archaisms - haisi mashoko zvisingachashandi, uye vaya dzapinda muchikwata ichi nokuda chitarisiko mashoko matsva. Somuenzaniso, nhasi hapana anoshevedza nhetembo ndima, shoko rinogona chete kuwanikwa mumabhuku, mafirimu, kana mukutaura kwezuva nezuva kuti kupa chibhende kana guru matauriro. Dzimwe nguva zvakafanana yakatsiva kwete shoko rose woga, asi chete zvayo lexical rinoreva. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "kumuka". Rinoshandiswa nhasi kuti kureva "kurera kupandukira, kushora chinhu, aberekwazve, amutswa," uye ane yakakwirira manyorero coloring. Asi kamwe muRussia, yaiva chinhu chinowanzoitwa imba, iyo yave kushandiswa kureva "kusimuka, simuka netsoka dzako." Kana mumwe muenzaniso: "Regai urombo dumbu rake!", Izvo zvinoreva kuti "Usavarega upenyu hwangu!" Sezvaunogona kuona, shoko dumbu mumutauro wokuRussia vachengetedzwe, asi kukosha kwayo zvachinja. Uye pfungwa "upenyu" shoko "dumbu" - iri zvekare. Mienzaniso vamwe kuchinja: cravat (lexical uye phonetic archaism, ano fanano - "sunga"); Baba! (Girama archaism, shoko "baba" riri vocative nyaya, izvo mumutauro ano Russian haina kushandiswa); mufaro (risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi archaism, nhasi haisi kushandiswa shoko "mufaro" pamwe suffix).

Special nzeve inofanira kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro anachronism. Mienzaniso archaisms dzakadaro yapiwa kupfuura ( "dumbu" nenzira yokureva "upenyu"). Vanoziva kuti muverengi yokuumba asi yakasiyana, saka kuti pane zvinetso kunzwisisa rugwaro. Kakawanda kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro archaisms anowanikwa mabhuku echitendero. Somuenzaniso, "muvengi" - iri dhimoni, "runako" - hachisi chinhu chakanaka uye inofadza, uye muedzo kuti mupinde chivi, "shoko" ( "Pakutanga Shoko rakanga riripo") - ichi hachisi chairema kutaura, uye pfungwa. Pakati zvekare uye ano fanano ingava dzisinganyatsooneki kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kubatana. "Beauty" kunogona kuva muedzo, asi mune ano pfungwa shoko "runako," ane yakanaka ruvara - kwete chero akanaka chinhu chivi. nuances kwakadaro zvinokosha chaizvo kuti kunzwisisa zvakarurama zvinoreva basa. Kunyange huri ano vanyori vakadai Anna Akhmatova, anogona kuwanikwa shoko-archaisms. Mienzaniso kubva mabhuku akawanda: zvekare mashoko anogona kuwanikwa zvose prose uye nhetembo. In yokupedzisira ivo vane basa rinokosha, ipai pakukwirira kwaro, rutsigiro melodiousness uye nokudaro kutarisa dzinongoitika.

Archaisms muna Chirungu: Mienzaniso

"Mashoko Old", kana "Mashoko zvekare" (t. E. Archaisms), mumutauro Chirungu zvinogona Classified rinenge sekuda Russian. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, ine maitiro ayo chokuita zvivakamutauro nemamiriro mutauro, anogona kuwanikwa anenge marudzi ose archaisms ose ataurwa pamusoro apa.

Somuenzaniso, iwe - iwe (panzvimbo penyu) - kupfuura yakajeka uye dzinonakidza archaism. Mienzaniso siyana veshoko, newe - iwe (pachinzvimbo ano iwe), uye kwako - wako (shoko ano - renyu). Hongu, kamwe paiva kukumbira "iwe" pane Chirungu, asi nhasi, uyo tingadai tisina kupindamo, tinoti "iwe" riri You. "Iwe" mu Chirungu yazye kubva kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Very kashoma, asi shoko iri rinogona kuwanikwa nhasi. Somuenzaniso, muna yakakurumbira rwiyo Metallica rinonzi The Unfirgiven ane mutsetse: - ". Saka ini zita kwauri unforgiven" "Saka ini Dub kwauri unforgiven" Chokwadi, ichi chinhu akasiyana zvekare. Mienzaniso nemamwe mashoko zvisingachashandi havasi kudaro zvakajeka zvinoratidza magariro uye mafungiro kuchinja muupenyu vanhu vaitaura Chirungu:

1. pano - "pano" (zvino -. Here). The chimiro pano, kunyange zviri zvisingachashandi nhasi, Mikoko kubva Chirungu mangwanani ano. The mukuru chimiro - hider, akabva mutauro protogermanskogo. Zvisinei, pasinei kufanana pano uye pano zvinocherechedzesa pakati pavo. "Pano" rinobva pashoko akasiyana zvachose shoko rinoreva "kuva munzvimbo ino", pano munhu siyanei mumvuri nezvahunonyatsoreva - "kufamba pano", hazvishamisi pane imwe wokufananidzira mashoko ane kukosha "neshure" - kuno nokoko.

2. Vanoparadzwa pakati - ". Pakati" nerokuti sezvo kushandiswa nhasi - pakati. Sezvo zviri nyore kuona kuti shoko ustrevshee muchirongwa Kunyange zvazvo kwakabva ano lexical chikwata.

3. Teerera kana harken - ". Kuteerera" Vamwe mabhuku vanoti zviri historicism, kuti chinhu yechinyakare shoko risina analogues mumutauro ano, asi maduramazwi yokumwe kunogona kuonekwa akacherekedza zvekare. Zvakare, kukurukurirana teererai nokunzwa (vemazuva ano. "Teerera") aripo maererano etimpologicheskim maduramazwi, saka kutaura kuti zvinoreva Chiitiko kuti hapasisina kana dzemamongi zvisingachashandiswi, hazvibviri.

Asi shoko hakusi archaism phaeton. Pashure pezvose, chaise, akazaruka mana mavhiri strollers havachasungirwi kushandiswa, uye nguva dzose kuramba nyaya yakapfuura.

Saka, historicism - ndizvo inechirevo yaitonga. Mashoko aya vava yechinyakare pamwe kuti kutsanangura zviitiko kana zvinhu. Archaisms - iri yechinyakare kutaura chimwe. Vave vakabudirira kushandiswa nhasi, kana vakanga vasina akasunda matsva siyana.