Kutukana pachishandiswa mashoko. Zvinofananidzira, ndyaringo, gudziramukanwa

mutauro Russian - kumwe siyana uye rakapfuma munyika, ayo kuratidza mukana hwakakura kwazvo. Kunyanya uye rakasiyana manzwiro chinyorwa kutaura batanidza nzira siyana okuti zvaishandiswa nedanho mabasa kunyora. Zvinyore zvikuru yakakura.

kutukana achishandisa mashoko akasiyana mabhora zvoupenyu

Hapana chakavanzika chete pfungwa anogona kupiwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, imwe terevhizheni mushamarari inoti sezvinotevera: "Nhasi, nharaunda vakachengeta kunayisa zhinji muchimiro chando, achiperekedzwa mhepo rinorema." Uye maviri okuberekwa vakadzi kunwa tii mukicheni, pakukurukurirana anogona sokwavanopedza zvinotevera mutongo: "Yeah, chinhu kufanana yakaunganidzwa pamwechete chando! And Vetrishche - nzira pasi uye anogogodza "In mabhuku, chiitiko ichi inogona kutsanangurwa sezvinotevera:" Snow flakes akawa kudenga, sezvinoita dzakafanana kubva akabvarura akazaruka pamakusheni, yakatsvairwa nemhepo yakasimba uye hombe kufamba kwemhepo chena makavanda vaida iye morzluyu pasi ... " . The kupenda, chinorondedzerwa nenzira dzakawanda, rinenge chete, asi mumwe nomumwe dzakasiyana akasiyana nemumwe uye yakasiyana chaizvo nevanhu subconscious. All achishandisa kutaura expressiveness mutauro nenzira imwe kana mumwe anobva associative maonero chorugwaro. Achitarira mashoko nechipiriso, muverengi vanhu vari kudaro akaratidza. Naizvozvo, nokuti maitiro evanhu, ndinosika mumwe ruvara vanyori mumabhuku vaishandisa zvitaera siyana.

Phonetic nzira kutaura

Nokuti mukuru nezvainoita hwomoyo wacho kana kuti muverengi, Fafitera kana muteereri, akashandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. kutukana achishandisa mashoko sezvaari kutekeshera nhanho dzose mutauro. Vanogona kuonekwa zvose phonetics nemarongerwo, izvo zvinoita kunzwisisa yemunyori chinangwa chakadzama uye nzwisisika. Phonetic achishandisa kutaura kutaura ndeimwe simba kupfuura matauriro simba. Kunzwa inzwi mufananidzo kweshoko kunoitika pamusoro subconscious sandara, pasinei zvido wacho. Ndokusaka Magwaro zvikuru wokufananidzira kwakavakirwa kushandisa inzwi zvinoreva kutaura. Somuenzaniso, panyaya dzakadaro, "rustled mashizha, zenze yavo, zviri pachena, akaenda kwose kwose." Pano, mashoko akawanda kushandisa inzwi "hove dzakawanda" iri Mutsara zvaiita kusika kuenderana yokufungidzira yakavhomorwa mufananidzo.

alliteration

Phonetic kuratidza Matauriro zvimwe variability. Kwakapararira vanopikisa mumwe nzira sezvo alliteration uye assonance. Vari kwakavakirwa kudzokororwa mundima mumwechete kana zvakafanana chero phonetic zviri mazwi - emakonzonendi chete alliteration uye assonance mavhawero pa. A unoshamisa Muenzaniso alliteration ndiwo okuti "The dutu rinorira, rumbles vekutinhira," verenga kuti, vanhu mukusaziva zvinokonzera pamberi mufananidzo kwomurazvo mheni wakajeka.

assonance

A zvishoma zvishoma Vanyori vadetembi inodzokororwa mavhawero. Somuenzaniso, assonance anoratidzwa mune mutongo "All akanga sandara munda" - tichidzokorora ruzha "Haiwa" pave pfungwa unoratidzwa, nzvimbo Latitude.

Anaphora, epiphora mumabhuku

Akarigadzirira uye zvimwe zvirungamutauro kuti kushumira kupa zvakawanda kuratidza rwezuva. Somuenzaniso, mashoko kujairika nzira dziri anaphora uye epiphora. Ndivo dzakasiyana yokudzokorora yakafanana ruzha, mashoko kana mapoka mashoko pakutanga (anaphora) kana magumo (epiphora) nerimwe yakafanana kuzvidzora pakutaura chidimbu. "Uyu - munhu chinhu kuita! Uyu - chiito murume uyu "-! Jekiseni dzikawedzera pamwe nokudzokorora mumwe kuchengetwa anaphora. Epiphora kazhinji dzinogona kuwanikwa pana pakuguma wokufananidzira zvikamu muchimiro kudzokororwa zvimwe zvirevo kana rose nemutsetse. Asi unogona kunzi muenzaniso rimwe prosaic mazano: "Zvose mukamuri raiva dema: mokupera dema, uriri kapeti akanga vatema, kuvheneka - black uye kunyange linens vari vakakanda nhema. Chete mubhedha yakanga yakachena chena, ndinosika musiyano pamasikiro. "

Language zvinoreva kuti utange okuti: zvinofananidzira

In manyorero mutauro wokuRussia ndivo-siyana tropes kana nemifananidzo. Kwainyanya rwekutaura ndiwo mashoko. Uchibatsirwa kwayo, vakawanda vakaziva munyori pfungwa mundima. Somuenzaniso, zvinofananidzira - imwe mhando kuchinjwa tsika kana maitiro chinhu chimwe chinhu, mufananidzo zvisiri pachena kuburikidza kongiri mufananidzo. Kutsanangura romweni chii, zvinokwanisika kushandisa tsika nokuongorora mienzaniso: Zuva - chiratidzo ushamwari, mutsa; mhepo - chiratidzo rusununguko, vakasununguka-mafungiro, impermanence. Saka kazhinji musimboti uyu mubvunzo rinoshandiswa kutsanangura vanhu. "Oh, iwe pusa gava!" - taura nezvomumwe munhu sechinhu chinosekesa. Kana unogona kunyange kutaura pamusoro impermanent unhu nenzira iyi: ". The hunhu blustery ake, eccentric" Saka, achipindura mubvunzo chii zvinofananidzira, chinofanira kureva Chirevo fananidzo nyaya iri yepamusoro.

Dimikira nemifananidzo, rengano, ngano

Inoshamisa fabulist Krylov anotaura zvinonakidza mufananidzo kushandisa mutambo uyu. Kana chokwadi ndiye akatsiva Aesop. Imhaka mabasa ake, nyaya dzakawanda Russian chaiwo ngano vakatorwa. Uyewo, munhu wose aiziva kuti achiti pamusoro tsoko, kuedza pamusoro Sunglasses panguva muswe, munyori aireva vasingazivi, munhu anoshandiswa kureva pepasi, kutonga pakarepo, pasina kufunga nezvezvinoreva. Nokuti mwana wacho maonero ndezvinorondedzerwa Ngano umo mhuka ndiyo protagonists. Muenzaniso wavo kukambaira anodzidza mitemo inokosha youpenyu, munogamuchirwazve kazana, slut, murevi wenhema uye ane usimbe acharangwa, haagoni kuseka marwadzo evamwe, etc. The pfupi ngano kana ngano nowenyika kunwa toasts ari Caucasian manyorerwo, pakupera tsika Rinobva mushure pa .. anwe "Nokuti ...".

Dimikira kudetemba lyrical nenziyo

A anoshamisa nhetembo Lermontov pamusoro yoga nechikepe, kumhanya pamusoro pamafungu? Pashure pezvose, muverengi wavhomorwa ikoko akanyatsofungwa pfungwa ane mutizi unhu, izvo hapana anomunzwa munyika yanhasi. Kusvikira zvino, vakuru vakaita vazhinji zvavo nziyo izvo ndeyokufananidzira mienzaniso zvinomera - maruva, miti - tsanangura ukama hwevanhu. "Chii akamira, Kuzungunuka, dzakaonda Rowan?" - anoimba musikana chinopunyaira uyo anonzwa kusurukirwa zvikuru, anoda kubatana mugumo wavo ane yakavimbika murume, asi vamwe chikonzero kuita izvi ...

Litotes, gudziramukanwa

Language zvinoreva kutaura mashoko akauya nezvimwe nzira. Somuenzaniso, kune zvakawanda uye avo akasiyana manhamba sezvo gudziramukanwa, litotes. Mutauro Russian ane siyana zvingangoitika zvishoma nezvishoma unhu kutaura. unyanzvi izvi zvinomiririra ane unyanzvi musiyapaduku (litotes), uye kupamhidzira (gudziramukanwa). mutauro Russian zvinova chichiwedzera fungidzira nokuvonga kwavari. Somuenzaniso, imwe pfuma dzakadai Vhoriyamu muviri womunhu, kungaratidzwa sezvo artificially understated divi ( "muchiuno upamhi kuti pamitsipa Bhodhoro" - litotes), uye kupamhidzira ( "pamapfudzi kukura pamukova" - gudziramukanwa). mutauro Russian kunyange Anozvirumbidza munhu akasimba okuti kwakadai: igo muchiuno, yakakwirira sezvinoita maira kuna Kolomna.

Anoreva zvakafanana uye antonyms mabasa ounyanzvi

Achishandisa mashoko anoreva zvakafanana uye antonyms runogonesa zvayo mupfungwa uye kuratidza. Mashoko semantically zvakafanana kana zvakasiyana, akasiyana-siyana basa, anoratidza munyori wacho pfungwa akasiyana pamakona. Zvose, anoreva zvakafanana uye antonyms husava omumwe rugwaro, sezvo kujekesa zvinoreva zvimwe zvinhu kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro. Asi kushandisa kwavo mukutaura uye kunyora anofanira kuswedera nokungwaririra, sezvo vamwe anoreva zvakafanana Mutauro vanorasikirwa kubatana tsika nenzira iyoyo, uye mashoko akapoteredza havasi hazvo zvakapesana antonymous wayo inokosha mushoko rinoreva. Somuenzaniso, mashoko chipauro "itsva" uye "stale" iri kushandiswa rokuti "chingwa" vari antonyms. Asi kana tiri kutaura pamusoro mhepo, shoko rokupikisa kusvika chipauro "itsva" ndiro shoko "inodziya".

Ndyaringo mune mabasa

A inokosha chaizvo pachishandiswa unyanzvi okuti - ndyaringo. Mienzaniso mabhuku kuratidza mukuru mufananidzo pamusoro unyanzvi ichi. Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky - the Classics Russian vari vanatenzi chaiye kushandiswa kwendyaringo mune mabhuku. Stories Zoshchenko dzichiri charehwa satirists ano. Vamwe mashoko Classics kuti vava mapapiro, uye zvinoshandiswa pakutaura kwezuva nezuva. Somuenzaniso, Zoshchenko okuti: "Tora shure keke rako!" Kana "Ungagona kuwedzera uye makiyi furati apo mari iri?" By Ilf uye Petrov kuziva zvose. Uye chikumbiro kuna naanamai ari vatongi, iyo inoti pamusoro wakati atora pasi chando, vachiri anoonekwa ane zvizhinji ndyaringo. Uye mutsara wokuti "Ndianiko yatinayo pano zvakadaro?", Mudzoke muupenyu hwezuva nezuva kuti mwana, uri chibhende hunhu, yakavakwa pamusoro nokushandiswa antonyms. Ndyaringo kazhinji aripo muchimiro banter pamusoro pachake mumwe kutaurwa uye chikuru hunhu, pamusoro vaitirwa haazvibatanidzi. Ndivo mutikitivha Dari Dontsovoy nevamwe, uyo nyora mumagadzirirwo ichi.

The siyana akaturikidzana ari mashoko mumabhuku

High kuratidza zvinogona mumabhuku haana normalized Mutauro - akariposhera, neologisms, mutauro, professionalism dzaishandisa. Kushandiswa mashoko murugwaro zvikamu izvi, kunyanya zvakananga pakutaura, mufananidzo uye anopa zvinofungidzirwa zvechadenga vanotaurwa. Mumwe nemumwe ane mabhuku basa yakasiyana, uye izvi lexical okunze, zvakarurama uye zvakakodzera upotreblonnye dzinoratidza mufananidzo hunhu kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana. Somuenzaniso, mashoko saturation pamusoro Romana Sholohova "Uye Akanyarara Kunoyerera kuti Don" bazi remutauro Mutauro pave ezvinhu yaingowanikwa yakananga nzvimbo uye yakananga nhoroondo kumwedzi. Uye kushandisa vevatambi vari kutaura mashoko kwezuva nezuva uye mashoko uyewo zvichibvira kuzarura vatambi vavo. Uyewo, hazvibviri kuita pasina chinokosha nyanzvi pakutaura, kutsanangura upenyu muchikepe. Asi kare nemabasa, apo magamba, kunyange zviduku, vari vaimbova kana vaidzvinyirirwa vanhu kubva muchikwata pekugara, kunzvenga jargon uye argot kunyange hazviiti.

Polysyndeton senzira okuti

Chimwe manyorero chirungamutauro - polisindeton. Mune imwe nzira, unyanzvi ichi inonzi polysyndeton uye rinoshandiswa rugwaro dzakafanana mashoko kana zvirevo chokuita ne chete yokudzokorora. vanovatsigira. Izvi kunonatsiridza expressiveness, nokusika kuzvironga kumbomira ari mutongo pasi kubatana wemigove uye ebetsero nhengo kutaura kuwedzera kukosha nomumwe chinhu Pachikamu. Naizvozvo, vanyori uye vadetembi kazhinji anoshandisa pamabasa ake polysyndeton. mienzaniso:

1. "Gungwa dutu, akaridza, akabvarura uye flickered, uye rushila uye rinotyisa" - chimwe nechimwe chinhu vanoverengeka homogeneous mashoko muno akasimbisa kukosha.
2. "Mumba Natalia zvose zvakanga panzvimbo yaro; uye neboka makiyi, uye cheya ine inopenya samovyazannoy bhachi uye guru uriri vhasi pamwe akaoma Tumapazi chirimwa, kunyange bhuku rakazaruka - zvose anogara, chero nguva yezuva panzvimbo imwe "- pano ose homogeneous nhengo uchishandisa polysyndeton kunosimbisa pfungwa zvakarurama uye Kujeka marongerwo zvinhu kumba heroine.
3. "Zvino mhepo yakanga ichivhuvhuta, uye kutinhira, uye mapazi emiti Kuzungunuka, kugogodza pahwindo, uye makore matema mafungu akaviga denga - ichi scarecrow zvose pamwe vakaroverera mafaro uye kumanikidzwa kudhonza jira kusvikira chirebvu chake" - vari homogeneous vaitaura, pamwe polysyndeton kusika nezvaizoitwa amplification mamiriro nokutya uye mwoyo.

Saka, upenyu mutauro kutaura zvinoreva - rinofanirawo Kufananidzira hwokudhirowa matauriro. Pasina kwavari, kuti mabhuku acho anotaridzika yakaoma uye uninteresting. Asi usakanganwa kuti mashoko inofanira kuendeswa muverengi. Saka, pakusarudza mutauro kunoreva wakashandiswa chigadzirwa kunofanira kuitwa nokungwarira zvikuru, zvimwe ari munyori ngozi vari kunzwisisa uye undervalued.