Genetic ruzivo: recessive uye zvakazara majini

Chii zviratidzo?

Gene - kutevedzana kurondedzerwa pamusoro nucleotides dezoksiribonuklinovoy asidhi umo encoded majini ruzivo (ruzivo pamusoro chikuru maumbirwo mapuroteni mamorekuru). DNA Morekuru - kaviri nezano. Mumwe nomumwe ngetani ane chaizvo nucleotide kutevedzana. The chikuru nemamiriro puroteni, unova nhamba uye kutevedzana kwezviitiko amino acids, anobatsira kusarudza basa nhaka unhu. To encode mashoko zvakanaka uye uchiverenga, majini anofanira kuva kudzidziswa codon, kugumiswa codon uye kuona codons zvakananga encode zvinodiwa amino asidhi kutevedzana. Codons vanoumba zvitatu nucleotides akatevedzana kuti encode imwe amino acid. Codons UAA, UAG, UGA maturo uye regai bumbiro kuti chero aivapo amino acids, kana kuverenga kuberekana kwacho anomiswa. The codons yasara (mu uwandu 61 zvidimbu) encode amino acids.

Govera chikuru uye recessive magene. Hukuru Gene - kutevedzana kwezviitiko nucleotides chinopa nokuratidzwa imwe kuchiitwa (zvisinei worudzii majini iri chete peya (kureva recessive kureva Gene)). The recessive jini rimwe nucleotide urongwa, apo mashoko ane phenotype kuchiitwa zvinogoneka chete pamberi peya imwe recessive Gene.

mashoko akadaro haangatongovi chete mashoko majini kuti zvinogona kutapukira kubva kumarudzi namarudzi. Zvisinei, chete mubatanidzwa Gene dzakasiyana kunoenderana kutaura unhu. Kana vaviri ari recessive uye hune Gene, izvozvo achaonekwa phenotypically pfuma encoded zvakazara. Uye chete kuratidza ruzivo yavo kana mubatanidzwa majini recessive maviri. Ndiko, rave Gene anovanza recessive.

Apo pane majini?

Information kuti isu takura majini zvinobva madzitateguru edu. Izvi zvinosanganisira vabereki kwete chete asiwo vanasekuru uye nedzimwe hama ropa. Nomumwe Gene yakatarwa achiumbwa panguva panosangana dzisingaoneki uye zai, kana panzvimbo - apo kubatanidzwa nomumwe X uye Y okutodza kana maviri X okutodza. Kubva baba vanogona kuunza mashoko zvose X uye Y chromosome, apo amai vake - chete X chromosome.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti X chromosome ine ruzivo saka vakadzi vane zvakawanda nemishonga zvirwere zvakasiyana hunhu kupfuura varume vakawanda. Nemuromo, uwandu achangoberekwa vakomana nevasikana vanofanira kuva vakaenzana, asi tsika, vakomana vanozvarwa. Somugumisiro, pahwaro izvi zvinhu zviviri, pane BALANCInG pakati pavo maviri. Yepamusoro kuorera gono vanacho ndanyarara hangu noruoko yepamusoro nemishonga nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, hunhu vakadzi.

nemagene ouinjiniya

Pari isu aiitisa zvidzidzo zvikuru pakati majini zvinhu. Nzira voga, uye cloning nomunhu majini hybridization. Izvi - danho rinokosha kupfuura paakasika ramangwana. ngwariro zvakadaro nyaya iyi chagumbura yakawanda yokufungidzira uye zvavaitarisira. Pashure kudzidza hwakadzama anogona vakwanise vanhu kuronga zvivako uye zvimwe runotevera, kudzivisa zvirwere zvakawanda uye kukura nhengo avo hurongwa nokuda transplantation.