Chii sharuka mashoko?

Zvisingachashandi mashoko - iri rinokosha boka wemashoko, iyo, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana haana kushandiswa pakutaura ano. Vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri - historicism uye archaisms. Vose emapoka aya akafanana mumwe, asi vachine Misiyano.

historicism

Aya ndiwo mashoko chaiwo zvinhu, mazita, zvinokonzerwa, izvo vakaguma kuvapo munyika nhasi, asi pane zvave kare. Muenzaniso mashoko akadai - Boyar, mubati, petitioner, wemunda. Havana ndi mumutauro ano uye kudzidza zvazvinoreva anogona chete ivai duramazwi rinotsanangura. Zvikurukuru, mashoko aya anoreva yechinyakare mhuri description, tsika, upfumi, akanyatsorongwa, zvechiuto uye enyika ukama pakati pamakore aya mazhinji.

Somuenzaniso, chikumbiro - iri: 1) uta pahuma yake unobata pasi; kana 2) chikumbiro zvakanyorwa. Stolnik - dare, inova rimwe dhigirii nechepazasi boyar yemanyorero vanoshanda boyar kana tafura youmambo.

Most vakwegura mashoko-historicism anowanikwa pakati mazita chokuita muchiuto dingindira, uyewo chokuita nyaya dzoupfumi uye nguvo: chainmail, visor, redoubt, musket, flagon, mumwe dambudziko, 's jasi, sevalka, camisole.

Heino mimwe mienzaniso mitsetse ine sharuka mashoko. "Ko petitioner kuna mambo uye vakagunun'una mubati, uye akati kuti kuvabira dzavo Estates, uye ipapo akapa panze, kunyange akanyunyuta pamusoro vanokudzwa, vashandi uye Knights kuti vatongi kutora misha mumuzinda avo mambo, uye Cossacks pamwe vapfuri, akatakura zvikumbiro. , akakumbira chingwa uye mari mubayiro. "

Pari, mumwe mapoka historicism vazhinji avo kwakaitika munguva paumbwe USSR: ari kukumbira, budonnovets, rokudzidzisa, Varimi, NEP, lishenets, Nepman, Makhnovets, ari yemuraudzo.

archaisms

Zvisingachashandi Mashoko Russian mutauro iri voga mune rimwe boka guru - archaisms. Ndivo, chokwadi, muri kuva subset kuti historicism - ivo zvinosanganisirawo mashoko isashande. Asi musiyano mukuru pakati pavo kuti vanogona kutsiviwa anoreva zvakafanana, izvo kwakajairika uye anoshandiswa nhasi nemashoko. Heano mienzaniso archaisms: pamatama, rworudyi, zviuno, ndima, Tuga, ramen. Saka, ano vazvo - pamatama, ruoko rwerudyi, shure, nhetembo, kusuruvara, mapendekete.

Pane zvimwe zvinokosha kusiyana pakati archaism uye ayo fanano. Vanogona anosiyana:

a) lexical rinoreva (dumbu - upenyu, mueni - zvavatengesi);

b) Chimiro (panguva bhora - bhora, ispolniti - tongai);

c) morphemic sezvamunoita (vehove - wehove ruwadzano - ushamwari);

Kuti zvakanaka kushandisa imwe archaism iri pfungwa, uye kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika, shandisa Dictionary kana Dictionary sharuka mashoko.

Asi mienzaniso zvirevo ine archaisms: "Muna Moscow, akararama courtiers, ivo boyars, vanokudzwa, vanamabharani, izvo Bolotnikov vaityisidzira kurichinja vanhuwo, kana kuuraya, uye panzvimbo yavo akaisa zita vanhu; mamwe maindasitiri vaigara imomo, uye vatengesi vakapfuma, mahotera, mari uyo chitoro - zvose akapiwa varombo "iri delozh.

Mundima iyi, archaisms ndiwo aya: commoner, chivanze (mupfungwa upfumi), chitoro (zvebhizimisi), zita. Zviri nyore kuona kuti pane zviripo uye historicism: Jinda, ishe.

Zvisingachashandi Mashoko zvakakwana fambisa mamirire munhau kuti mabhuku acho mavara uye yakajeka. Asi iwe unofanira kugara tarisa kuti yakarurama uye zvakakodzera kushandisa duramanzwi, kuti flowery anoshamisira pakupedzisira haana kuva maturo.