Auto-neunyanzvi mu yetsaona. Independent car-neunyanzvi

Auto-neunyanzvi - tsvakurudzo, panguva iyo ruzivo chaiyo mumunda nezvakatongwa autotechnical uye forensic nematurusi kuona chokwadi pamusoro tsaona. Knowledge chokuita Vanamakanika, masvomhu, zvekushandisa data, kuchengeteka apo akatasva mugwagwa chokufambisa uye zvakafanana.

A kuongorora kuitwa yechinangwa vasaenderera mberi kuferefeta mhosva kuti vane ukama motokari yakachengeteka, uyewo vehurumende nyaya kudzikamisa zvinhu kukuvadzwa somugumisiro petsaona.

tsvakurudzo zvivako

Panyaya iyi, basa zvakananga chinhu ndohwavo tsaona, tsanangudzo ezvapupu uye vechikamu uye nezvimwe uchapupu. ivo yaunganidzwa vakaongorora yacho.

It vakaperekedza yakazvimirira car-neunyanzvi vari voga uye paruzhinji masangano. Muchiitiko chino, iva nechokwadi kuti kudzidza mushumo muongororo, zano pazviri, mamwe magwaro anoenderana, mifananidzo yacho, uye kukuvadza mota.

Mhando car-neunyanzvi

Kune marudzi anotevera matare kuferefeta:

• Mitoro trasological ongororo uye kuongorora tichingoda pamusoro motokari uye nenzvimbo tsaona;
• Pakusarudza hwokugadzira inoti TS uye tsaona ezvinhu;
• Kuongororwa kuti mugwagwa ezvinhu, mugwagwa mamiriro uye michina ezvinhu yacho.

Uyezve, dzimwe nguva zvinotora kunzwisisa mupfungwa kudzidza chokufambisa, izvo akaongorora mamiriro ezvinhu mutyairi panguva yacho tsaona. Funga, somunhu car-hwokugadzira kuongororwa rinoitwa mumwe nomumwe pakubhadhara izvi voga.

Mitoro trasological ongororo

Chinangwa ichi mhando kutsvakurudza yokuvira mashandiro anova chiitiko tsaona kana zvisaririra. Ekupedzisira inosanganisira GAC zvisaririra chokuita tsaona.
Midziyo pakuongorora zviri vhiri makwara, njanji, makwara, anononoka-zvinofamba zvikamu. Mavhiri siyana ne mhando, wokuenzanisira, muchiso, uye mashandiro kuti paumbwe ezvinhu. Mashoko anokosha inotengwa kudzidza njanji upamhi, tai havatsiki muenzaniso akasiya uye m. P.

Nokuti nyaya dzinosanganisira unmarketable mugove TS, kureva, coupling mano, bumpers uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Kana motokari-neunyanzvi chinodiwa kuziva motokari, mibvunzo inotevera wakabvunzwa nenyanzvi.

1. kana motokari anofanira kugara panzvimbo tsaona?
2. kana chikamu kana Chidimbu motokari rakapiwa ndera?
3. Vari tichingoda motokari Data akaumba?

Uyezve, kuisa chirwere mabasa pamusoro tsaona dzemotokari mashandiro chakaparadzana nzendo Makwara akasara umo, uye zvichingodaro. Mibvunzo iyi nyaya inogona kureva pfungwa dzinotevera:

• kufambisa rudzi uye motokari kudhumhana angled;
• ari yakawiriranwa urongwa ane kudhumhana;
• Motokari nzvimbo uye panguva chime kudhumhana;
• kutevedzana kuifukidza Makwara;
• pave yokuti Makwara vari aumba somugumisiro kudhumhana;
• dzimwe nyaya.

Kuongorora zviri michina mamiriro motokari

mhando iyi unyanzvi kunodiwa kuziva malfunctions, avo zvinokonzera uye kuratidzwa urema. Voitakura kuti asimbise ezvinhu tsaona nezvimwe zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, car-neunyanzvi waida apo nharo pamusoro kutengeswa motokari pamwe kusatsarukana yakavanzwa kana malfunctions kana murombo-unhu kugadzira uye yokuzvigadzirisa basa pakati. Ipapo Mazvikokota ichapindura mibvunzo pamusoro:

• General hwokugadzira Mamiriro TC yaro nomumwe hurongwa uye zvinoriumba izvozvo;
• Vehicle serviceability;
• pokuita dzaro hwokugadzira mamiriro zvinodiwa kubvuma nokushanda;
• pamberi urema uye, sokukumbira, hapana kunyatsotsanangura;
• chinokonzera uye nguva chiitiko yavo;
• kukundikana hunhu (operative, STRUCTURAL kana kugadzira);
• yezvakaita kuremara (makuru kana kwete);
• Kuwanda kuparadzirwa kana garandi payakaipira;
• Zvinogoneka kuonekwa kushayikwa zvakare pashure kwavatapwa.

Kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu tsaona

Autotechnical forensic kuongororwa yacho mhando chokuita chokufambisa uye trasological, sezvo ane imwe chinangwa: kujekesa ezvinhu tsaona. Zvisinei, mhando iyi nechinangwa kudzorera mufananidzo tsaona zvavo uye mitoro trasological kudzidza anogadziriswa rakatetepa siyana mabasa.

Nyanzvi akabvunza:

• Motokari havukavu kufamba pamberi kudhumhana;
• kureba kwekumira uye braking kure;
• nguva nenguva iyo motokari akurirwa chaiyo kure;
• mukana kumisa motokari iri kunyanya ezvinhu;
• zvikonzero kuti zviputse kana skidding;
• mukana yokudzivirirwa tsaona;
• TC yakawiriranwa urongwa dzimwe nguva, kusanganisira pamberi kudhumhana.

Dzimwe motokari-hwokugadzira uye forensic kuongororwa kunosanganisira mibvunzo kuti havasi kuwira mukati kukwanisa nyanzvi. Ipapo nyanzvi achava kodzero kuvapindura. Muenzaniso zvinotevera.

1. Sezvo mutyairi aifanira kuzvibata neimwe ezvinhu kuitira motokari vakachengeteka?
2. kana mutyairi akanga akaita maererano nemitemo?

nyaya idzi kuwira mukati kukwanisa magweta. Somugumisiro, mhinduro kuva nyanzvi akakodzera uye kwete Nyanzvi autotechnical.

Kudzidza mugwagwa mamiriro

Auto-neunyanzvi, mibvunzo iyo chokuita mugwagwa mamiriro, anofanira yakatarwa, kana zvakakodzera, ongororo kuti uchapupu mugwagwa vanoshandisa vari chiitiko kuti akataura chinangwa zvikonzero zvakaita kuti tsaona.

Kudzidza zvinokoshawo Muzviitiko zvakawanda pamusoro administrative mhosva. Kana munhu kuroorana Chapter 12 Administrative Code anoramba vazive chokwadi nemhosva yake (somuenzaniso, kureva kusavapo motokari zviratidzo kana mugwagwa nyora), izvi zvinhu zviri rukasimbiswa. To magumo basa car-hwokugadzira kuongororwa uku. Zvadaro mibvunzo kuti nyanzvi sezvinotevera.

1. Chingava mhaka tsaona zviratidzo asipo kana savazvo nzvimbo?
2. Pane zviratidzo zvinoenderana zvinodiwa aripo vakokwa?
3. Ko "nokukurumidza anorovera" kuti aivapo GOST akakodzera?
4. Kana zvikonzero chokuita nesangano rwemotokari mumugwagwa, iyo pave tsaona?
5. Zvakanga zvazviri zvinogoneka kudzivisa tsaona?

Zvinogona tasked kuti tizive nguva mukana yokudzivirirwa tsaona, kana mutyairi seiyi munguva.

nokuti motokari kupima yokudzidza

Kana wemotokari kuongororwa basa car-neunyanzvi, mubvunzo wake wakabvunzwa sezvinotevera.

1. Zvaunofanira kushandisa michina kuti kugadzira motokari?
2. How yakawanda kugadzira motokari?
3. anoita zvakawanda sei motokari imwe ezvinhu, mashoko yakati gore okuwana, kufungisisa kusakara uye ine zvakakwana yakatarwa, uye akagadzawo mumotokari dzimwe michina?
4. How zvikuru kushandisika GAC residues vari?
5. Chii kukura nokurasikirwa kukosha motokari rechipfuwo?

Complex mupfungwa car-neunyanzvi

Tsanangudzo iyi mhando zvinoreva kunobatanidza nenyanzvi vanogona nezvemabatiro "chinhu evanhu" iri tsaona, ndiko kuti, zivo inokosha mumunda wepfungwa uye psychophysiology. Panyaya iyi, apo motokari-hwokugadzira kuongororwa rinoitwa yakazvimirira motokari, mutyairi wacho kuongororwa paakasangana imwe ezvinhu mumugwagwa, kana zvakanga zvakafanira kuti chisarudzo. It inorangarira motokari uchityaira ruzivo, evanhu, nevakwegura, unhu uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kuti zvinofanira kuongororwa.

Kunokosha zvechokwadi. Naizvozvo, kana dzakatarwa car-hwokugadzira nyanzvi mutsaona, zvinokurudzirwa kukumbira uye kuitisa ichi mhando kutsvakurudza. It kunodiwawo kunyanya kana somugumisiro chiitiko varipo vanobatwa. Nyanzvi anogona kuisa mibvunzo chokuita:

• maitiro evanhu nguva, riri kurutivi vhiri riri panowanikwa kukanganiswa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu;
• Kurwisana mutyairi uye dzimwe nhengo chiitiko, izvo zvakakanganisa epfungwa;
• matambudziko ehurumende kuita kufambisa basa;
• pokuita dzaro zvinodiwa psycho-vasiri zvinhu zvinodiwa njodzi kutyaira;
• vachinyatsoziva kwakarurama maonero zvinhu parutivi mutyairi mumugwagwa;
• mukana yokudzivirirwa tsaona pa kumbova psycho-vasiri ezvinhu mutyairi.

mhedziso

Nokuda kwazvo nhamba tsaona mumugwagwa car-neunyanzvi mu yetsaona - chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana mhando zvidzidzo, vakagadzwa kuti asimbise chokwadi yacho. Sezvineiwo, vamwe tsaona vane zvakakomba. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti zvakarurama umbowo panguva zviitiko.
Kazhinji, vanenge ichi mhando chikuru manyuko kuferefeta migumisiro kuti anopa car-rwokugadzira kuzviongorora. Mari guta mabasa aya atanga, paavhareji, kubva 20000-25000 rubles. Asi aggrieved bato iri kodzero kuunganidza mari iyi mune ramangwana kubva akakuvadza yacho tsaona.