Balkan Mountains: tsanangudzo yakazara

Gomo reBalkan, Stara Planina (Makomo Makuru) ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzemakomo muEurope. Tinodzidza zvakanyatsotarisa zviito zvaro zvakasiyana uye zvakasiyana.

Nhanganyaya kuMakomo Makwegura

Stara Planina (zita reSerbian uye rechiBulgaria remusimboti) ndiro zita rechipiri reBalkan Mountains kana kuti Balkans, sezvavakadanwa kare. Nhasi zita rekupedzisira rakagadzirirwa peninsula yeBalkan pachayo. Pamakomo ekare echiGiriki anonzi Αἶμος , muchiLatin - Haemus. Iko inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo gomo guru pane yose yeBulgarian state, iyo inowedzera kumadokero iyo inogona kuwanikwawo munharaunda yeSerbia yanhasi.

Makomo akasiyana-siyana anogadzirisa mazuva ano eBulgaria kuNorth nekuSouth, achiyambuka nyika iyi kubva kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva. Kare, makomo eBalkan akaparadzanisa kuchamhembe kweMesia kubva kuchamhembe kweMakedhoniya neTrace. Iyi gomo gomo muvakidzani wechisikigo, kupfuurira kwezvikomo zveSouth Carpathians, iyo inopoteredzwa ne Iron Iron (kutsemuka kwemuromo) weRwizi rwaDanube pamuganhu pakati peRomania neSerbia.

Ikoko Makomo eBalkan aripo, iyo inobva yava pachena kubva kune zita regomo - inopa zita kune pensime yose iyo iripo. Detailed coordinates: 43.2482 north latitude, 25.0069 east longitude. Kureba kwakakwana kwemakomo makiromita 555 km. Kureba kweMakomo eBalkan hakupfuuri 2376 m - huno hunoti hunoita kuti gomo reBotev risvike.

Zviratidzo zvegomo reStara Planina

Stara Planina, yakagadzirwa munguva yeCenozoic, ine maitiro akasiyana-siyana:

• Geological indicators: Makomo eBalkan akafanana nemiganhu yakaita seyakasvibiswa. Iyo yakagadzirwa ndeyotevera: Precambrian uye Paleozoic granites uye crystalline schists, pamwe neMesozoic conglomerates, flysch, sandstones, karst uye maziso.
• Tsanangudzo yekusunungurwa: hafu yekumusoro inomiririrwa nekunyoreka mitambo, inopinda mukati memakiromita pedyo nechezasi kweDanube Plain. Nzira dzemaodzanyemba, kune rumwe rutivi, dzakanyanya uye dzakanyanya.
• Chimiro chemamiriro ekunze: makomo anoshumira sechimiro chekuparadzanisa kwemhepo-mhepo pakati pekuchamhembe uye nechekumaodzanyemba kweBulgaria. Zvisikwa zvavo zvinounganidza kusvika ku800-1000 mm yemvura gore negore; Mwedzi mishomanana mugore iro misoro iri pasi pechando makungu.
• Hydrography: mumakomo eBalkan, munhu anogona kuwana mitsva yenzizi dzakadaro seOgosta, Vit, Lom, Osam, Timok - saka midhiyo inotungamirirwa kune kuchamhembe, kune Danube. Kumabvazuva, Stara Planina inodarika neKamchia River, uye Iskar River kumavirira.
• Kubhururuka: mahwendefa emakomo ndeye miriwo, miriwo. Nemaodzanyemba kunokonzerwa nemvura yakadzika yakakonzerwa nemvura yakakwirira inonzi coniferous (pine masango) kana beech, oak, hornbeam masango achikwira kusvika 1 700-1800 m. Nzvimbo dzekumabvazuva dzeBalkan Makomo dzinofukidzirwa nehutu hwakawanda hwemasango akaoma, anosiyaniswa nechigwenzi chine ruvara rwepasi, ruyo rweianas.
• Kuwedzerwa kwemaminerari: tsvuku uye mazimbe; Indarira, mhangura, lead-zinc ores.

Nhoroondo uye yemazuva ano

Kwenguva yekutanga zita rechiBulgaria-Serbian rine gomo reStara Planina rakanyorwa muna 1533. Pamuganhu wekuchamhembe kweBalkan Mountains, vatashanyi vanogona kusangana nezviyeuchidzo zvakawanda zvine chokuita nenguva yeBulgarian nyika yekusununguka kwesangano. Kunyanya kusimuka ndiyo Chikumbaridzo cheRusununguko. Mumakomo akawanawo nzvimbo yavo yekuchengetera mamiriyoni - Kremikovsky, Sokolsky nevamwe.

Zvicherwa zvemakomo emakomo kuBalkan Peninsula zvakazova nheyo yezvizhinji zvezviziviso zvezvikomo zvinoshamwaridzana - Ribaritsy, Varshets, Teteven nezvimwe.Steneto National Park uye zvinopfuura zvinoshamisa: Shipkinsky, Petrokhansky, Virbishsky, Churek, Republic Pass uye Iskar Gorge zvakare vanozivikanwa.

Nzvimbo yekumavirazuva yeStaro-Planina inopfuma mu karst, nei vatashanyi vemakomo vachiedza kunakidza mapapiro emaranti anoshamisa munzvimbo idzi: Rabhishe (pano unogonawo kuwana mifananidzo yakavezwa dombo), Ledenik, Siyeva-Dupka, nevamwe.

Gomo Botev

Nzvimbo yakakwirira yeBalkan Mountains yakatanga kunzi Yumrukchal (mukushandura - Kulak Mountain). Makore mana (1942-1946), yainzi mukuru weFerdinand mukuremekedza mambo, uyo akakwira kuenda kumusangano wacho. Mushure mezvo, zvakare kwemakore mana yaiva gomo reFist, kusvikira muna 1950 yakawana zita rayo razvino - nezita raHristo Botev, revolutionary uye mudetembi weBulgaria.

Pamusoro peBotev mune terevhizheni uye redhiyo, iyo zviratidzo zvaro zvinowedzera 65% yenharaunda yose yeBulgarian state, pamwe nechepanzvimbo yekutsvaga, izvo panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakatorwa nefascists uye yakashanda nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. Nhasi muvakatsiri vekupedzisira vanogona kuzorora, kuvanza kubva kune mamiriro okunze akaipa, tive nehokudya. Pamasvingo ayo vafambi vanobatanidza mabheji asingakanganwiki pamusoro pekumusoro kwavo.

Zvikamu zveBalkan Mountains

Mutsika, zvikamu zvitatu zveStaro-Planina zvakasiyana:

• East. Ndicho chikamu chisina kudzika, chinopinda muzviputi zvakasiyana, chimwe chazvo ndiyo Huru yakasiyana yeAld Planet. Nheyo yaro ndiyo Emine Cape, kumabvazuva kweBalkan Mountains.
• Avhareji. Iyo yakakwirira, yakanakisa uye inowanikwa nzvimbo yeBalkans, yakasarudzwa kubva kune dzimwe mbiri. Inokonzerwa neSuo reSimbi (Muchengeti WeGedhi) uye Zlatyshsky Pass. Iko pano apo misoro yeBotev, Triglav, Vezhen, Kupena (Aleko), Ambaritsa (Levski) varipo.
• Western. Inotanga pamuganhu weSerbian uye inosvika pakupfuura kweZlatyshsky pachake. Pano iwe unogona kumira musangano weMijur.

Makomo eBalkan Peninsula

Mukuwedzera kune Makomo Makwegura, mitsara inotevera yezvikomo iri muhedheni:

• Higaric Highlands - kumadokero kwematunhu (Montenegro, Croatia, Bosnia neHerzegovina).
• Gomo remakomo rePind riri zvishoma kumaodzanyemba kwepfuura (Makedonia, Albania, Greece).
• IRila makomo ari kuchamhembe (Bulgaria), iyo ndiyo yakakwirira pane yeBalkan Peninsula, iyo 2925-mita yepamusoro yeMusala.
• Rhodope Makomo, nechezasi kumaodzanyemba kweAegean Sea.
• Pirin - makomo masangano eAlpine.

Nokudaro, Stara Planina haisi iye chete gomo reBalkan Peninsula. Asi ndiye ndiye akapa zita racho kune vekupedzisira, ndiye iye ane simba guru pamamiriro ekunze kweBulgaria.