Chess mutambi Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich: Biography, kukunda uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Muna June 2016, makumi masere-retanhatu rokubata upenyu akasiya Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy. Victory panguva wechesi bhodhi - kwete chete chinhu anozivikanwa munyika. Man yakaoma mugumo, akava mumwe "defectors" vairamba yose Soviet hurongwa, yava hondo enyika kurwira wechesi korona. Chii zvino kuzivikanwa pamusoro murume uyu?

youduku yakaoma

Akaberekwa Victor Korchnoi - March 23, 1931. Place aberekwa - guta Leningrad. Vabereki vake vakarambana achangoberekwa, uye muupenyu 6 nguva sued pamusoro penzvimbo dzokugara mwana. Amai Saka akaedza kutora mwanakomana wake, baba vakadzoka, dzichishandisa kushaya mari. Somugumisiro, jaya vakapedza ake pauduku mumhuri yababa vake, iye akafa pamberi mugore hondo yokutanga. Pausiku Leo Merkurevich akaedza kutumira mwanakomana wake kuti kubvisa, asi mai akatora mwana uye vakamutswa Leningrad. Akarerwa mumhuri naamainini yake Rosa Abramovna, achiziva zvose zvinotyisa wakakombwa. -Gore gumi mukomana akaenda Neva River nokuda mvura, tikunde kubhomba anenge kiromita.

Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, Biography inorondedzerwa zvizere mumabhuku, akanga-Jewish Polish dzinza. hama muchiPolish baba kukwanisa kupona noutsinye blockade. Akabatsirawo kuti Abramovna Rosa aishanda zvihwitsi fekitari. Pasinei neizvi, muna 1942 aizoenda kuchipatara pamwe chirwere kuti "degeneration."

nezvinhu Chess

Viktor Korchnoi achiri mwana wechikoro, uyo Biography anoudzwa munyaya akafarirawo wechesi. Uye muna 1947 akava USSR shasha muchizvarwa chake boka. Kubudirira kunoparira, uye muna 1956 jaya kwaitsigirwa kuna GM. In zvakafanana, akapedza kudzidza nhoroondo rorusununguko Leningrad State University, asi kwete zuva kwete kupedzerwa mubasa dzakagadzirirwa. Chess akazadza upenyu hwake hwose.

Muna 1957, munyika Gagra akasangana Isabella Margaryan, mudzidzi panguva IISS. Akanga akafanana wematambudziko: vabereki vake vakarambana, achibva akakurira nababa vake. Chokutanga, kasikana kunyara yekufambidzana Korchnoi, nekuti akanga panguva iyoyo kwete chaizvo fashionably kupfeka, asi nokukurumidza akanzwisisa maari akangwara uye zvinofadza munhu uye akabvuma kuroorwa. Nokukurumidza Vaviri aiva mwanakomana, Igor.

Muna 1960, Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich anova shasha of USSR. Rakanga wechipiri kukosha pashure zita shasha yenyika, nokuti Soviet Chess School vakatonga international nhandare. Izvi zvinongoerekana zvaitika akapa musoro akaremekedza Tenzi Sports of USSR. A pose mutungamiri panguva yakanga Mikhail Botvinnik, asi makwikwi zvikuru simba munyika. Korchnoi mamwe matatu ichava Kumukundi of USSR - muna 1962, 1964 uye 1970, ukuwo.

Life muSoviet Chess vatambi

Pakutanga, Victor Korchnoi zvose akaronga: mumakore 29 iye akanga atova 2-kamuri mufurati, motokari. Zvisinei, ndava nemakore 33 ndaiva tsaona chete motokari mapurisa motokari uye seri vhiri asisiri kugara. Material akanga inopiwa, nekuti kubva 1954, iye dzakava zvachose muhoro. Around nyika, nenzira, zvakanzi zvakaratidza kuti nyanzvi mutambo munyika regai, saka GMs kunoitwa wokupupura zvimwe mhando. Somuenzaniso, Petrosyan kwainzi muzivi, uye Anatoly Karpov - Economist.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich pamwe Efimom Petrovichem Gellerom kamwe pashure chikwata makwikwi mu West Germany (1965) akaenda rimwe misha kushanda. Saka vakatumidza zvesimba ravo uye simul. Munguva rwendo ari mutauro wokuRussia vatambi vanosangana munhu kuuyiswa Chirungu Korchnoi arambe muGermany. Asi panguva iyoyo GM haana kunyange asina kufunga mukana kusiya nyika, saka zvinyoronyoro akaramba chikumbiro.

Zvinokonzera kuenda kumwe

Pane shanduro, zvakataurwa mune Korchnoi, kuti basa rinokosha nokudzingwa yake kubva nyika wakapata aimbova mutsigiri wenyika Tigran Petrosian. Panguva mutambo musarudzo dziri Odessa (1974) pakava chakakomba chiitiko pakati vaviri, nokuti iyo Petrosian akaramba mberi makwikwi.

Aiva netsika nekakutya kudhonza kwayo rutsoka, iyo Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich akanyunyuta kuti mutongi. Petrosian, uyewo, vakapomera yaimbova shamwari kuti zvichipomerwa ndokupfura naye pasi petafura, uye akaramba kuramba hondo pamwe preponderance yezvinotaurwa vachifarira Korchnoi. The kunetsana yakawedzera pashure kukundikana Victor L. kuenda machisi pamusoro Fischer Aires ari chikwata Petrosyan. Chakatishamisa njodzi kanopfuura kamwe ndivauyise pamwechete Tournaments, uye mitambo izvi zvose zvichava zvikuru kwazvo uye urombo kuti Tigran Vartanovich kana iye akanzwa mhosva.

Chero zvakanga, kusarudza kusiya nyika Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, uyo kuenda kumwe ari 60s achiri zvisingaiti, vakagamuchirwa muna 1974, mushure machisi pamusoro Anatoliem Karpovym. The weNobel aifanira kurwira wechesi korona Bobbi Fisherom. The Soviet Union akaita bheji pamusoro aizobudirira wechiduku Karpov, uyewo Russian uye kushanda mhuri. Kuti zvakashanda ose makuru wechesi uye bureaucratic simba. Uye vaya vakabvuma kubatsira Korchnoi, gare gare pakanga nematambudziko chaiwo. Somuenzaniso, D. Bronstein, vakabhadhara nechinzvimbo chake.

Kuchibhotla Korchnoi akarasika, asi ari bvunzurudzo havana kuziva akakwirira Karpov, nokuti iyo yave pasi munhu seboka mhosva grandmasters Soviet. tsamba The yakazaruka yakatangwa Petrosyan uye haana chasainwa wechesi vatambi mana chete, yakanga pachena chaizvo kuti Korchnoi.

matambudziko emhuri Korchnoi

Zvingangoitika kuti kusiya nyika akaonekwa 1976. Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich akagara Holland mushure mutambo muAmsterdam. Kunenge kuti akanga wafungidzira dambudziko chii akasika mhuri yake. Ndatamira Switzerland (Mr. Volen), zvinonzi vaIsraeri akaronga chikumbiro mudzimai wake uye mwanakomana. Asi havana chete havana kusiya nyika, asi Igor akasungirwa yokuramba kushanda muuto pashure kusiya tsika. The mukomana aifanira kushumira makore 2.5. Baiting pachaunga adzora mhuri yake vavengi vevanhu. Isabella Egishevna vachida mari, akatengesa pup pamba poodle. Pashure zuva shure nemashoko kuti havazivi kuti utenge vavengi vevanhu.

V. L. Korchnoy panguva yaakanyora bhuku rake rokutanga scandalous "Antishahmaty". Mutsamba A. Karpov, bhuku iro achatumirwa K. U.Chernenko, zvichava dzinoshuma kuti anobvuma haana kubudisa zvinhu mukutsinhana achibvumira mhuri yake kuenda kunze. Gare gare, iye anobvuma kuti kunyange nyaya Soviet Mafia vamiririri uyo pashure 1982 akamuwana zvinoda mari kuti kuenda mhuri, kunyange angangotadza vakaita kuedza ichi.

upenyu Personal

Chii chinonyanya vakatsoropodza Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, ane upenyu pachake akava pachena soumambo? Agamuchira mvumo kubva munyika, kuSwitzerland Isabella Egishevnu Ndaifunga kwete murume zvikuru, gweta rine kurambana mapepa. Chokwadi kuti muchato hakusisipo, iye aiziva kwemakore akawanda.

Kare muna Holland, pane imwe purogiramu mawa mitambo, murume akasangana chizvarwa Austria Petra Leeverik. Kuona vatorwa mubhuku patafura Leo NdiTolstoy "Kumuka" iri Russian, iye Vakatsinhanisa mashoko mashoma naye. Gare gare, iye anowana kuti shamwari yake yakanaka Russian vanosungirwa nechokwadi kuti makore 10 vakapedza mumisasa muSoviet Union. Play chesi zvakanaka, ruchapinda vose ezvidzidzo dzayo, kusvikira zuva rimwe haana kukoka Peter kumba kwake. Uye Vakwikwidzi kuenzana muna Baguio City (1978), izvozvo kare aenda sezvo musoro wayo nhume.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, ane mudzimai, pamwe mwanakomana wake wakasvika wekuLausanne kuti okupedzisira vachapa rubatsiro yake nemari. Isabella Egishevna afare moonlighted sezvo nzvimbo anobatsira mutauro wokuRussia mapoka uye akafa muna 1995 kubva nemultiple sclerosis. Igor mai asati afa kuti kunetsana nababa vake, kutanga kukurukurirana chete afa. Zvinonzi aidaro makombiyuta, kuroorana ake chesekondari mudiwa kubva Russia.

Creative asian: asi uncrowned weNobel

Viktor Korchnoi akanyora mabhuku akawanda, umo mashoko akakwana kuongorora ake yose nyanzvi basa. Kuwedzera "Antishahmat", iye zvakabudisa mamwe mabasa matanhatu, kupfuura inonakidza zvacho: ". 55 Unobata dzangu dema" "55 Unobata My chena" uye

Zvakangoitikawo kuti apo-nguva shanu European shasha uye weNobel vanenge zana remarudzi Tournaments, kaviri akarwa kuti kodzero kuva chakanakisisa wechesi mutambi munyika, asi haana akawana rokumusoro ruoko (muna 1978 uye muna 1981). Vacho waiva muvengi akavenga Karpov, waakanga otkazyvael ari kunoshamisa mano. In dzakawanda nokubvunzurudzwa wechesi geniuses anodana chete Kasparov uye R. Fischer, kubhadhara mutero uye vakafa mangwanani T. Petrosian.

mutambo wake chakanakisisa aitenda 21-nd it kutamba mutambo yokutanga (1978), apo Karpov basa musi wa19 kufamba, asi inoguma waiva foregone mhedziso kare pamusoro rechi13. Kwandakaita yakaguma mamakisi 5: 6 uye rave saka zvinokosha kuti Soviet Union kuti pamusoro V. L. Korchnogo kwakatangwa asiri hombe nyanzvi chete, asiwo muchina enyika. Defector kugona kuva shasha nyika, saka bhuku rinoti pamusoro zvakananga kutyirwa kuti kuparadza mumuviri, kana kurasikirwa A. Karpov.

The mutambo muna 1981 haana kudaro akasindimara uye hwakaguma mamakisi 2: 6, izvo zvinogona kutsanangurwa chokuti V. L. Korchnomu zvakanga zvakaoma kupinda chimiro, nokuti anoda kusvika makore manomwe, akanga asina kugamuchira okukoka Tournaments zvikuru, kuduku kugutsikana.

Home kukunda nokuti Victor L. kuti akanga upenyu hwake hwose akaratidza kuzvipira kwechokwadi wechesi. Iye akaridza anopfuura 4500 mitambo, ari mukuru chimiro, uye mumakore 80 ari mukuru grandmaster munyika. Akanga asingatyi pakushora hurongwa, kunyimwa nyika yake nenyika. Mumakore 90 iye ndakadzorerwa, asi akasarudza kuti chizvarwa Swiss.

afterword

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, uyo akadzoka bhuku mafeni muSoviet nguva uye kuratidza enyika anonyengera Soviet Union, kusvikira okupedzisira akaramba pfungwa yakajeka. Iye akataura ndima uye akarangarira kunyange zvishoma-anozivikanwa chokwadi wechesi nhoroondo. Grandmaster vakabvuma kuva wekutanga munyika akanga kutadziswa pamusana pezvatinokanganisa pane yaishandiswa nevavengi. Akanga asiri sverhodaron, asi nguva dzose aiva nesimba basa uye kurwa mweya. A defector haana nokuda ushingi, asi, kubva peshungu. Pashure uchibvunzurudzwa paterevhizheni Dmitry Gordon akati wechesi macrobiotic hunoshamisa mashoko: "Kutaura kwenyu, ndava akangwara."

Nyika nyika June 6, 2016 akaziva kuti akafa Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich. Chinokonzera rufu haana kutaurwa asi tose tinoziva kuti okupedzisira mashoma apfuura GM aigara aine chinodzora kurova, akafamba nomudonzvo uye kugona kunzwa, achishandisa kunzwa rubatsiro. The muviri yasvika paunoperera. Nokuti vapenyu kure nokumusha, izvo kwemakore akawanda kudaro hakuna tinzwisisane, muedzo hakusi nyore.