Chidimbu che "The Chorus naKalinych" muchikamu cheKunzwisisa Kwake naTurgenev

Mutsara unoti "The Chorus naKalinych" inoyevedza chaiyo yeTurgenev yekuunganidza nyaya nhepfenyuro nemashoko "Notes of a Hunter". Akatora zvose zvinyorwa zvemunhu iyeye uye maonero ake pamusoro pekugara kwevanhu veRussia "backwoods." Nhoroondo iyi ndeyechokwadi, sezvinopupurirwa nehuwandu hwayo. "Chorus naKalinych" - mufananidzo chaiwo wehupenyu hwevanhu nekuda kwekuverenga zvakanyanya.

Dambudziko rebasa racho

Iyi nyaya yakakosha uye yakakodzera. Ichokwadi ndechokuti munguva yaTurgenev munharaunda yakanga isina kubatana pakunzwisisa dambudziko re "kuswedera kune vanhu". Yakashandurwa nenzira yakasiyana neSlavophils (ichiti vagari vevanhu vanozvipira kune "zvekare" uye vari kupesana nekuvandudzwa) uye bourgeois ideologists (avo vanochengetedza kuti ukama pakati pemadzimai eminda nevana vanogara vari kubvumirana). Zviratidzo zveHoria naKalinich, maonero aya anonyatsopikisa.

Zvinyorwa zvemasimba echinyorwa

Sezvo inozivikanwa kubva pachirongwa chezvinyorwa, muridzi wemunda wesuwa reKaluga, VaPolutykin vakasangana nemuenzaniso wekufananidza kwekuvhima pamwe nemunyori wemashoko. Vane ma heroes munyaya "The Chorus naKalinych" ndeyechokwadi. Kutaura zvazviri, nzvimbo yakagamuchira vaeni yekuvhima yakanzi Nikolai Aleksandrovich Golofeev. Ivan chaizvoizvo akasangana naye pakuvhima uye akagara naye kwemazuva mazhinji. Uyezve, mushure mekuverenga nyaya yaTurgenev uye achizviziva mairi, VaGolofeev havana kubvumirana naIvan Sergeyevich.

Chimiro cheshamwari yakanaka yekuita Horia, tenzi ane simba, murume akadzidziswa, ndeyechokwadi kumashoko maduku. Musha uripo weKorevka weUlyanovsk weruwa rweKaluga wakakura kubva kune aimbova Khorya farmstead. Makore gare gare, Khorya yakashanyirwa naAfanasy Afanasyevich Fet, achicherechedza kurdiality uye "oats wemakore makumi masere ane makore", uyo "makore acho haasi chinhu." Vatenzi vomuti wepurazi nguva dzose vanozvikudza vakaratidza turgenev. Iye, zvirokwazvo, aiziva nemoyo wake pfupiso yake. "Chorus naKalinych", naizvozvo, inoratidza vanhu chaivo uye chokwadi chaicho.

Ushamwari hwaHoria naKalinych

Icho chorus ndecherere, murume anonzwisisa wemhuri. Asi haana muranda. Mhuri yakakura yeKhorya: vanakomana vatanhatu, vane simba sababa vavo, vanovaka matanho akareba emakamuri makuru, vachengeta imba, vanobatsirana. Pane imwe nguva muridzi weimba Polutykin akamubvumira kubva kumaruwa, achigadzira renhare yemakumi mashanu emabhuru. Iko Chor yakagadzira purazi rake rakawanda raiitwa mune zvemari raifunga kuti rakanaka kubhadhara muridzi weminda 100 rubles. Kana akadikanwa, aigona kubhadhara uye ave akasununguka, asi haazvidi. Nokuti chii? Zvake-nyika uye basa uye saizvozvo nguva dzose naye. Iye akangozvarwa akangwara, mutungamiri wemari. Icho chorus chinotaridzirwa zvakanaka munzanga uye pamutemo.

Uyu tenzi akasimba, asinganzwisisiki, ane shamwari chaiye, Kalinich, asinganzwisisiki zvakakwana, zvakasiyana zvachose naye. Munhu wokupedzisira anorarama murume. Kalynych haazivi kukura, kubhadhara uye kuchengetedza mari. Zvisinei, ane zvimwe zvinobatsira. Anonzwisisa mhuka, anoziva nzira yekubata nenyuchi, ane unyanzvi hwekuwedzera, hwaanoshandisa pakurapa. Vanhu vakasiyana zvakasiyana, Chor naKalinych. Mhedziso yenyaya yacho, zvisinei, inopupurira ushamwari hwavo hwepedyo. Choir inoshanda uye inonzwisisika kuburikidza naKalinych inogamuchira rubatsiro mukurapa mhuka dzomukati, kurapwa kwemishonga yevanhu kana zvichidiwa, uye Kalynych - rubatsiro runobva kuKhor pane nhau dzemazuva ose, uko iye ari mutungamiri. Mukuwedzera, ivo vose vari vaviri vanofarira interlocutors. Turgenev akanyora munyaya kuti akasiya boka ravo nekutya kukuru.

Khorya maonero pamusoro pevanhu veRussia

Mudzidzisi akadzidza Horus anopikisa maonero e "nyanzvi dzevanhu" veSlavophiles, vanorumbidza pre-Petrine Rus, avo vari kukurukura nezvehutongi hwevanhu veRussian varimi. Munhu ane ruzivo wemurimi wepurazi anopinda muhupombwe navo. Anotenda kuti Petro I mukushandura kwake akaita zvakanyatsoita sevarimi vemuRussia chaivo vaifanira kuita. Mutsara uyu waisanganisira vanhu vane hupenyu hwakanaka, sezvinopupurirwa muchidimbu muchidimbu. "Chorus naKalinych" nemiromo yeiyo chaiyo "nyanzvi yenyika" inoti kana munhu achida kuchinja chimwe chinhu, iye, achiona kubatsirwa zvinobva pane izvi, haatyi kuchinja.

Kune rumwe rutivi, muzivi weHorus, maererano nekubudirira kwake, maonero uye nyika yezvemweya, ave kwenguva refu akanzwa ari nani kune mwene weimba Polutykin. Anonzwa kuti ari kufunga zvakadzama, uye hupfumi hunova nechivimbo. Zvisinei, nekuda kwepfungwa dzepanyama, anogara achiremekedza na "tenzi" wake, kunyange zvazvo achisununguka haasi kupesana kumupomera. Kunyatsonzwisisa hukama pakati pePolutykin naKhor, tinofanira kubvuma kuti iyi mamiriro ezvinhu, kuisa zvinyoronyoro, haibvumiri nemaonero evanhu bourgeois kune vimba veminda.

Mhedziso

Chii chandinofanira kucherechedza mushure mokuverenga chidimbu ichi? "Chorus naKalinych" inhau yakanyorwa panguva uye kusvika pane. Akaita kuti vanhu vashe, kuchema. Mukufadzwa nebasa racho raiva Belinsky, Herzen, Annenkov. Zvisinei, nyaya yacho haina kugamuchirwa nevaSlavophil, hama dzeAksakov. Asi zvakaitwa neEvory Volkov, uyo akaona "pfungwa inokuvadza kune varimi", inonyanya kuratidza, kuti anogona kuva nani pane rusununguko kupfuura kunyange muridzi weimba.