Chii chinokonzera chakakanganisika kukura mumapurazi remakore rechi19? MARARAMIRO murimi mudiki nadzurudzo muna 1861

At pakutanga XIX remakore Russian rose Empire yakakamurwa munyika kuva enyika uye kumatunhu. Ivowo, rinoumbwa mumaruwa. Sezvo Russia kundima itsva dzakanga yakatora, nhamba enyika yakawedzera yekudyidzana. Vamwe vavo vava yakakura uye mumwe inoumbwa rokutendeutsa kumatunhu. Chikamu yakanga yakabatana uye aiva pamwero vakawanda governorships uye governorships. Grand Duchy vomuFinland uye Umambo muPoland vaiva chaiwo okuremekedza.

Kurongeka evanhu muRussia

Russia yakanga panguva iyoyo absolutist uye feudal nyika. It chinotungamirwa namambo, uyo akava zvinenge zvakanaka zvose shinda. The avakuru vakasara sezvo huru munzanga uye enyika nemauto. Vaiva chaizvo kubva autocratic mamiriro. Zvaaiitira yose (zvose kwokunze uye nechomukati), akanga zvainanga kuvapa navo.

Kana tikaongorora chii chinokonzera chakakanganisika kukura mapurazi, mhinduro inofanira kutsvaka pakuti apo Russian bourgeoisie haana kugamuchira chero rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende.

Varimi vaiva kupfuura chikamu vemo. Vose vakapesana:

• nokuti landlords;
• boka mamiriro;
• Mhando chaiwo uye nevamwe.

On vagere mumaguta uye pakati kirasi zvawanikwa muzana 1-2 chete zvachose mamiriro vemo.

murimi mudiki mubvunzo

Russian XIX remakore - imwe agrarian nyika. Preemptive uwandu vanhuwo zvavo vaiva pasi simba landlords. Vakanga vari muusungwa. Muitiro kugadzirisa murimi mudiki mubvunzo munyika yakanga yakasiyana chaizvo uye muduku wacho chikuru maitiro evamwe inoti European.

Pakati chii chinokonzera chakakanganisika pave mapurazi, kanoda ndorwevaya pachake kuvimba kuti vanhuwo zvavo pamusoro landlords. It chabatsira vasanyanye mwero wavo kufarira mubayiro wokubata kwavo. Izviwo, yekudyidzana akazoita kunyatsoshanda hwokurima.

Nzvimbo serfs

Pakutanga ari XIX remakore, pane kuwedzera basa nemari chimiro zvakavakodzera. Panguva iyoyo seinokonzera zvakavakodzera inowanzoshandiswa vasiri okurima murimi mudiki basa, uye basa rake dzakasiyana-siyana basa pamwaka uye dzomumaguta mafekitari.

Asi chikuru basa achiri vaiva panguva serfdom. Pakanga kuwedzera basa kurima tenzi hukuru (kubvira 18 kusvika 49%). Unonyanya nyanyisa, izvi ane pamusoro munharaunda nhema ivhu kumatunhu munyika. Pano vazhinji varimi vave akashandurirwa mesyachinu kana chakabiwa kubva pasi zvachose.

Pakati chii chinokonzera chakakanganisika kukura mumapurazi remakore rechi19, zvinosanganisira chinokosha zvinoderedza uwandu nyika kuva chidimbu ichi vemo. Kuwedzera chikwereti saizi iri anoratidza kumhedziso dambudziko munhare zvokurima.

State vanhuwo zvavo, taura-anazvo

Zvakanga mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka zvakaoma uye hurumende vanhuwo zvavo. Asi zviri nani zvishoma kupfuura landlords. It ane basa rinokosha pakati chii chinokonzera chakakanganisika pokumuka mapurazi muna 1861.

Kana isu anofananidza XVIII remakore uye 30s pakati XIX remakore, kuti pane kuwedzera zvachose mari tinyatsonzwisisa ehurumende vanhuwo zvavo. Asi vasati vava nekodzero kuti kutengwa uye kutengeswa nenyika. Trade nhumbi otanga fekitari. Muchiitiko chino, zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kubhadhara mitero zvinoshanda chete uye mari. Uye vashoma ose XIX remakore zvaiva murimi mudiki negurumwandira kodzero yokushandisa neropafadzo idzi.

Izvi zvinoreva chii chinokonzera chakakanganisika pave mapurazi, uye kukanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu mavari. Vazhinji vavo, kunyanya vaya vanotungamirirwa munhu subsistence upfumi, asingagoni chouviri. Contact pamwe kumusika dzakakwanisa chete vamiririri munhu vepamusoro hurumende akapfuma uye kurega-vomumusha.

Hapana aigona kuva mubvunzo pamusoro kuita kuvandudzika okurima nzira uye kuzozivisa kushandisa michina mitsva kana kuvandudza dzemarudzi mombe. Nekuti vazhinji mapurazi zvose zvakanga kunova vava kuda kupona. Naizvozvo, nzvimbo chinokosha pakati chii chinokonzera chakakanganisika pave mapurazi, ndowenyika yakaderera padanho okurima rwokugadzira. Akanga kusiya goho yakaderera chaizvo nhanho.

Mamiriro ari landlords 'Estates

Pezvakaitwa kuitika aburuka mapurazi akanga INDICATIVE. Pasinei chokwadi kuti nevaikudzwa kurima yekudyidzana kwakawedzera, negoho haisi ichiwedzerwa. Izvi zvakakonzerwa yezvakaita feudal kudzvinyirirwa vashandi uye yakaderera nenhanho negoho basa ravo.

Maererano zveBhaibheri pamusoro vanachiremba ano, vakaripira mushandi negoho 2 nguva kupfuura serf. Yokukudza serfdom haana kupa kuwedzera negoho basa ravo. Zvinonzi mune mazita zvinokonzera iyo kudziviswa kugadzira mapurazi.

The inokosha kwakavakirwa pamusoro abolition pakati serfdom

MARARAMIRO abolition kuti serfdom rakavapo pamusoro chaizvo kwenguva refu. Pakarepo asati kuchinja zvinhu 1961 kwaita kuti socio-upfumi dzinotsanagura manyowa kubva serfdom. Panguva iyoyo, vose nezvaanogona yayo sechinhu zvoupfumi serapera. Inguva ainzwira dambudziko. Izvi zvinooneka DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA nedanho maindasitiri kukura, zvokutengeserana uye mabhizimisi, uye varimi vari pandandanda zvikonzero izvo kudziviswa pokumuka mapurazi (Grade 8 - yava nguva yokudzidza dambudziko iri kuchikoro).

Mamiriro dambudziko pakutanga yakarohwa pamusoro corvée Estates. It rawa zvikuru padanho basa yauinayo. Vanhuwo zvavo vakatanga kushanda hafu-heartedly uye pasina zvikuru chido uye kushingaira.

Chimwe chikonzero chinokosha - evanhu chikonzero. Paiva nezvishoma yakawedzera murimi mudiki kumukira. Uyezve, pane kunge vakawanda kuurayiwa zviri landlords uye zvakasiyana-siyana zuva nezuva siyana hondo. Kunyange nhamba iri Muzviitiko izvi hazvina kuitwa, asi muridzi upfumi nekuda kwavo inokosha kukuvara.

Economic uye nemauto-hwokugadzira dambudziko iri kunyanya akanzwa pashure pokukundwa muna Crimean War. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo mumwe zvikonzero zvakaita kuti hurumende kufunga evanhu ngozi kuti serfdom uye zvakare richengetedzwe.

The kuchinja zvinhu 1861 kwaiva kubvuta masimba rikurumidze. Hwakatanga kusunungurwa vanhuwo zvavo vari muridzi, kubva muropa. A kwokupedzisira danho Achashanduka-musha varidzi, izvo kuva avo varimi vakawanda. Panguva iyo anokudzwa gavhuna uye krupnopomeschichi mapurazi anenge zvose zvakachengetedzwa.