Fronda - dzinotevedzana Anti-hurumende Mhirizhonga France muna 1648-1652 gg.

Chii chinonzi Fronde? Tsanangudzo iyi izwi kunyange ine kukurairisai nhoroondo kururamiswa - inonzi uwandu Anti-hurumende okutsutsumwa muFrance pakati XVII remakore - zvisinei chiri chibhende uye bhendesera hunhu. Events zvakaratidza kuti vose protagonists Zviitiko yekare vaiva vanyengeri, nemashoko waitsigira nemagariro munyika uye vanhu vayo, uye chokwadi, utevere chete zvavanofarira zvoudyire.

Little karwendo mu zvemutauro

Kuzopedza zvishoma neshoko "Fronde". Hachizi akafanana mutauro wokuRussia French emashoko - Fronde, zvinoreva "chipfuramabwe". Kamwe zvakadaro inonzi nevakawanda vana yemhuka, vasawira chinhu uye isina basa inongoita Amusements. Nezvikonzero akataura pamusoro apa, inowanzoshandiswa kureva vanhu mashoko, kuratidza kusagutsikana nezviremera, asi havagoni kusarudza chero chesamende chiito.

France pezana XVII remakore

Chiitiko, akapa riwedzere kuti chidzoke rokuti rakatanga kukudziridzwa kuFrance sezvo maviri ari XVII remakore. Panguva ino, vakawanda vacho, iro raiva vanhuwo zvavo, chaizvoizvo yakashatiswa nehondo, yakakurisa mitero uye zvaibiwa kwakaenderera pamusoro chikamu mauto ake, uye vakawanda muvengi mapoka. Izvi zvakaita kuti evanhu kusawirirana kuti dzakaparira muna rakazaruka rokumukira.

Maererano hwakagadzwa tsika Fronde - rinoshandiswa kureva mharidzo soro vakakwirira French, akaedza kushandisa nevakawanda Kusagutsikana nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. Panguva iyoyo, vaduku Louis XIV State Board anoita mai vake - Queen Regent Anna Avstriyskaya uye gurukota wokutanga, Cardinal Mazarin. netsika yavo akagarisa Kusagutsikana kwete chete vazhinji, asi dare vepamusoro. Zvakaguma kushorwa, inotungamirwa reParamende.

Isolated zviito zvavo

nhengo Kupikiswa okumusoro akaturikidzana simba rakanga pakurukurwa dzakakurumbira mienzanisiro. Kunyange zvazvo kumukira kazhinji mapenzi uye utsinye, zvisinei kana ikabuda ari Orenburg inowanzorimwa, kana pasi mahwindo Versailles, muchiitiko ichi, mambokadzi uye mufundisi rombo rakanaka - nayo aihuitira chete kuvakwa fenzi, uye pasina kudeuka kweropa. Asi kutya Anna Avstriyskaya vakatambura uye akaita tobvuma kuti vapanduki uye paramende.

New zviitiko dzokai mukawana, apo, muna 1648, akamira kurutivi ari Queen bribed zvipo norupo Muchinda Conde - a vakaziva gamba ichangopera Makumi Matatu Years War. Izvi wakaora mushingi uye musoja mari vakakomba mauto ake kuti Paris, kupfuura kutsva yatanga yokusagutsikana nevanhuwo zvavo, uyo, mu kubatana boka vairemekedzwa kamwe zvakare kutora mumigwagwa.

Dare akaramba tichirwisa nenyonganyonga

Fronda - rinongova chinhu yakatangwa somugumisiro akadaro zvinoshamisa misalliance - Union varombo uye mupfumi jaded. Kana vokutanga avo Anti-hurumende masirogani zvaiva chaizvo nomwoyo wose, Johani akaedza chete kusvina azvipfumise zvisaitike. Izvi zvakanga zvakanaka kunzwisiswa nenzira huru initiators of mhirizhonga - nhengo dzeparamende. Hativimbi kubatsirwa vakakwirira, ivo ndokukurumidza kugumisa rugare sungano mambokadzi, uye ndizvozvo kwechinguva kwakaderera.

Asi rugare munyika zvechigarire hazvina kuitika. Calm Wakashora zvose zvakafanana Muchinda Conde. Somugumisiro, akanga rwaparadzwa vachizvipa anovengwa Mazarin uye chido kumanikidza Queen Regent wokugamuchirwa zvinomufadza pachake zvasarudzwa enyika. Vasina mano kutungamirira zvakanaka courtly chivande, iye ake unhu antics vakaparadzana muchivanze uye pakupedzisira mujeri.

Mukuru ari cassock

Nepo nerakakurumbira mukusvudziri akagara mukamuri Vinsenskogo yemauto nyika yakatanga kupandukira mutsva, nguva ino rakarongwa hanzvadzi yake pamwe nashe pamusoro La Rochefoucauld uye boka vairemekedzwa, vaivenga Cardinal. Mukuru ngozi dare rakanga kuti Princess pakati Conde wake neshamwari, vachisiya nyika zvatinofarira, akauyisa sezvo vatsigiri vanhu vokuSpain - tsika vavengi France. Pasina hwakasimbiswa nemaonero kuti Fronde - kuchikonzerwa hondo ine zvido.

Cardinal aifanira kusiya kwenguva ya basa Misa iri pamusoro Cathedral of Notre Dame aende kumusoro weuto kukurira munzvimbo vakapanduka. Iye abudirira, uye nokukurumidza unorema vapanduki vakaisa pasi maoko avo. Chakarebesa iye akaramba vehurumende Bordeaux, asi nevanozvitsigira mapfumo muna July 1650. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Mazarin, pasinei aiva munhu mukuru pakunamata chinzvimbo, aiziva nyaya zvechiuto. Anokunyaradza vapanduki, nokukurumidza uye zvakarurama akamisa kurwisa vakanga mberi kwavo kubatsira vokuSpain.

Rusununguko uye kumutengesa of Prince of Conde

Zvisinei, pashure pokukundwa vapanduki Fronde muFrance haana kupa - yakawandisa ari Mazarin navavengi Paris pacharo. Vakamuvenga, uye kumhanyira nesimba vakakwirira vakarangana mufashoni kwenguva yakati, muparamende uye akaumba mumubatanidzwa kuti vakakumbira kubviswa kubva pasimba Queen uye Mazarin kusunungurwa kubva mutorongo Prince of Conde. Akurudzirwa nokuvhiringidzika Anne kuAustria, frondory akaedza kuzivisa kuti mutongi muduku King Louis XIV akanga asiri wake, uye Muchinda Orleans.

The maviri zvinodiwa pakutanga akasangana, uye Muchinda Conde, mujeri. Kamwe vakasununguka, iye, zvinopesana zvomurayiro vaimbova shamwari dzake, anoedzwa rupo zvipikirwa uye Queen vakabatana musasa wake. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi zvakava pachena kuti chipikirwa pfuma - chete usina mutsara, vakawana chandakukanganisira uye pakarepo zvafukidza kudzokera frondoram. Oddly zvakakwana, shamwari dzake kare nomufaro - sokuti venality zvadzidzwa zvakajairika.

Hondo, aivengwa nevanhu

Panguva ino zvinhu munyika kwakasimbiswa chaizvo uye vanotyisidzira kuchengeteka Queen chinotyisidzira chaiyo. Mumaguta akawanda, akatanga kupandukira kushatiriswa Muchinda Conde vake boka racho, uye kubva kumaodzanyemba vakatanga mumwe nokurwiswa Spanish mauto. Events aigona kutora kuipa kwazvo, asi vakarega Cardinal Mazarin.

Nguva pfupi asati kuti, pakona reparamende, vakakumbira yokurega ake, akasiya pamuganhu France. Zvino, panguva yakaoma, zvakanga chakamukazve chava Sangano, asi kwete chete, asi pamwe yakasimba yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro varwi, izvo basa muGermany. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti asati akanga nguva, soMuchinda Conde nemauto ake makakohwa Paris.

Mumigwagwa guru French uye pasuwo reguta vakatanga nezano kusangana. An akadzama anofadza - zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti vanhuwo zvavo vari iyi, vairamba vasina kwavakarerekera, pamwe distaste wakaenzana rinoshanda kune vose Mukurwisana. Munhu wose waneta zvisingaperi uye hapana kutungamirira ruvengo, saka kare kuti hamucharambi chamuita kuti ayo chaiko chikonzero. Fronda vakarasikirwa nevanhuwo zvavo uye ikava kurwirana simba mukati nehurumende vakuru.

Pokupedza zvematongerwo mutambo

We hwogumisa mabasa ose Queen Regent. Zviri dzimwe nguva kubva guru saka ashatirwa Cardinal kushorwa uye akazivisa kuda aro bvumidza zvinodiwa Paramende vake. Yaiva imwe rinoshamisa enyika, asi tichibatsirwa Anna Avstriyskaya akahwina pamusoro vaimbova vavengi pakati vairemekedzwa. Vose vakapiwa hurumende unokudzwa uye kwoushamwari nzvimbo. Conde ari oga uye nokukurumidza akaita mumwe kumutengesa, kubatana Spanish Army.

Izvi akagumisa wakashata Fronde. Muchidimbu akapedzisa chiitiko, anogona nechivimbo vanoti, uchitanga sezvo nokupenya vakawanda munzanga kusafara izvi ndizvo zvakazara kurwisa zvoudyire simba, soro vanokudzwa ose ehurumende. Pasinei kukura zvaitika, zvose zvakaitika France munguva pakati 1648 uye 1653 makore, kwakakonzerwa zvinofarirwa vashoma. Saka zvinofungirwa kuti Fronde - rudzi varara mutambo blase pfuma uye simba enyika.