Dambudziko chomuruki "Columbia" February 1, 2003: zvinokonzera, vashandi

Munhu wose anoziva kuti kufamba muchadenga chokuita refu panjodzi kuupenyu. Plus uchapupu kuti ndiyo pokuparadzwa chomuruki "Columbia". Asi, kusafanana nedzimwe zviitiko zvakafanana, ichi chiitiko chinorwadza wakakodzera kunyanya vazhinji zvisinganzwisisiki innuendoes. Ngatimbo vachiri kutarisa kuti tsaona yakaitika chomuruki "Columbia".

History of university "Columbia"

Usati abvirise wokupedzisira kutiza university "Columbia", ngatimbofungai kutarisa nhoroondo yacho. Izvi zvichaita kuti kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro nuances ari tsaona.
The chitundumusere-musere reusable university "Columbia" akatanga kuvaka sezvo chikamu NASA chirongwa muna 1975. Basa rakanga basa muna 1979.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti "Columbia" akanga chirongwa chitundumusere-musere Space Shuttle yokutanga. chirongwa ichi akagovera rwendo muchadenga kushandisa idzva muchimiro chokufambisa - nzvimbo shuttles, chimiro chiri kwazvo nowenyika ndege mamiriro. Kusiyana chitundumusere-musere kwokutanga chizvarwa shuttles aigona musaita umwe, asi yakawanda kufamba muchadenga. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, NASA masayendisiti kurwisa mano yakafanana kirasi mu "Enterprise" purogiramu nendege mukati miganhu pasi muchadenga.

Akatumidza chomuruki "Columbia" vachikudza muchikepe, iyo ichiri mukupera XVIII remakore, vachiongorora nemhenderekedzo British Columbia.

Start akatora chomuruki muna 1981. Yaiva ndege yokutanga, iyo akaita American chitundumusere-musere yokupedzisira 6 years. The NASA kupatsanura yekubvuma nhamba iye STS-1 akumbirwa.

Mumwe tevera ndege mukati Space Shuttle chirongwa iri basa rinotevera nhamba. The wokupedzisira kutiza university "Columbia" muna 2003, ari fung 28 pamusara, aiva Serial nhamba rinosvika NASA STS-107.

Pamasikiro chimutundumuseremusere "Columbia"

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, chimutundumuseremusere "Columbia" Zvisinei, sezvo zvose nzvimbo zvikepe ichi mhando, ndege aiva fomu.

"Columbia" yakanga yakasiyana chomuruki pave paya, kurema uremu uye kushaya munhu module nokuda pokusvika. Saka, mudziyo aigona Hauzovigwa kuti kana ari "Mir" yemapurisa kana International Space Station.

Akamhanyiswa chimutundumuseremusere kwakaitwa yakasimba chitundumuseremusere boosters. Kunze chitundumusere-musere chaiwo uye dvuhraketnogo akisarareta zvaisanganisira pamasikiro volumetric chaizvo huni tangi akazadzwa mura okisijeni uye rehydrogen. Rocket booster kuparadzana kunoitika panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 45? Km uye mafuta tangi - panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 113 km.

Orbital chitundumuseremusere Ndege vane kureba zvishoma kupfuura 37 m, mapapiro - vanenge 24 m, vakawanda pasina payload - matani 68,5.

Mission STS-107

STS-107 aiva 2003 rwendo, ari 113th kutiza Space Shuttle sezvo chikamu US nzvimbo chirongwa uye 28th kutiza university "Columbia".

Basa kunzwisisa uyu rwendo siyana Earth zvaakazvionera uye microgravity kuedza (Extended Duration Orbiter uye Freestar). Shuttle "Columbia" (2003) aiva tsvakurudzo module "SPACEHAB» (SPACEHAB), iro chimwezve mutoro. module Izvi zvinoshanda kuitira kuti mu-ndege iri muchadenga, ari muchadenga kunoongorora zvinogona aite zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana.

vashandi

Zvino ngationei chii chinoumba ari STS-107 rakarira. Chaiva nhengo nomwe: varume vashanu nevakadzi vaviri. Matanhatu vashandi nhengo dzaiva US vagari, mumwe achimiririra vaIsraeri.

American asitironati Richard Husband aiva mutungamiri taita. On ndege nguva akanga nemakore 45. Nokuti Husband akanga ndege yechipiri. rwendo rwake rwokutanga muchadenga kwakaitika muna 1999 sorutivi STS-96 basa iri chimutundumuseremusere "Discovery".

compatriot ake, sorokaodnoletny Uilyam Makkul, akashanda se co-mutyairi wendege. Iye wakange ane refu ruzivo basa iri US Navy. McCool aiva muduku ubatanidzwe pazera kutiza.

American asitironati Devid Braun aiva basa mazvikokota. -Gore 46 okuberekwa asitironati aiva mukuru pakati pehama dzake munyaya kutiza. David Brown aiva wezvokurapa dhigirii, uye akashanda ari chiremba. Sezvo wambotaurwa asitironati Dhavhidhi zvakanga wokutanga ndege muchadenga.

Makumi mana nevaviri American Indian-akaberekerwa Kalpana Chawla ane kare pamusoro pamafudzi avo ruzivo kubhururuka muchadenga. Iye muchirongwa STS-87 rwendo muna 1997, musi iwoyo chomuruki "Columbia", apo akanga kufa muna 2003. Nenzira, wokutanga chikamu chete rwendo Ukrainian cosmonaut Leonid Kadeniuk. Saka, Chawla akava mukadzi Indian mavambo yokutanga (kunyange asiri mugari India), rakamwisa nzvimbo kutiza. The rwendo STS-107 ndege injiniya nzvimbo akava.

Nokuti sorokatrehletnego American Michael Filippa Andersona waivawo wechipiri nzvimbo kutiza. Akatora mugove rwendo STS-89 muna 1998 pamusoro chimutundumuseremusere "Yokuita" pamwe Russian Salizhan Sharipov. Anderson aiva injiniya dhigirii uye aiva US Air Force mutyairi, achifumira kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu wevarwi. The rwendo STS-107, aiva mutungamiri payload, kuti ndiye anokonzera pakutsvakurudza.

Lorel Klark aiva wechipiri vakadzi vaviri akatora mugove STS-107 basa. Raiva American Civil, akanga ava nemakore 40. Aiva chiremba nokurovedza, asi akanga asina chikamu muchadenga mishoni. The rwendo akazadzika nokubatira unyanzvi mune zvidzidzo zvemhuka.

Israeli mugari İlan Ramon akanga zvikuru akakokwa wokumwe nyanzvi NASA. On ndege nguva akanga ava nemakore 48 okuberekwa, kuti ndiye akanga ari kupfuura mukuru nhengo rakarira. Ramon akanga ane dzidzo nyanzvi mune zvemagetsi uye makombiyuta engineering, uye aiva mutyairi ari Israeli Air Force. Zvakanga wokutanga nzvimbo yake basa, umo iye akawana nzvimbo payload, kureva, pamwe chete Michael Anderson yakamborwa tsvakurudzo. Uyezve, nemhaka kutiza uku İlan Ramon akanga wokutanga Israeli asitironati.

nhengo Most vashandi vaiva vana.

kutanga

STS-107 rwendo akaita ratanga muchadenga January 16, 2003 kubva Kennedy Space Center pa Cape Canaveral, riri US mamiriro Florida. Number kanda Pedhi - 39-A.

Kana kutora kure kubva chomuruki vakatama piece nokupisa-insulating unhani. Iye vakabayiwa kupisa kudzivirira usina kukonekita kuruboshwe Bapiro goko 'Colombia'. Asi NASA nyanzvi hadzina vaiona chokwadi ichi tsaona yakaipisisa kuti aigona zvimwe kushandura ndege chirongwa kana kuti kuisa upenyu vashandi nhengo pangozi. Asi gare gare, chiitiko ichi akaonekwa somumwe shanduro zvinokonzera njodzi.

kubhururuka

Sezvo chikamu ndege vashandi vose vakatsungirira ose mabasa, kunosanganisira zvinopfuura 80 siyana kuedza yesayenzi. The rwendo rwakatora mazuva 15 uye maawa 22. Ndiwo mutemo rinoreva chomuruki ndege zvikepe kirasi. Panguva ino, "Columbia" akaita 255 nokumukirana yakapoteredza Pasi zvachose kureba mamiriyoni 1,6? Km. ndege iyi yakaitika vakapoteredza Earth pagungano kukwira pamusoro 307? km.

February 1, 2003, pashure achiita zvose mabasa panguva yakarongwa iyoyo, chomuruki akatanga achiwana nzira.

njodzi

Sei izvi njodzi chimutundumuseremusere "Columbia"?

Muna 8 maawa maminitsi 10, Eastern Time Central kudzora ndege (DRM) anobvumira chikwata chomuruki "Columbia" endai pamusoro chitundumusere-musere kumhara nzira. maminitsi mashanu gare gare injini iri raparurwa orbital achifambisa hurongwa, izvo zvinofanira kunge akapa chikungiso. Pashure imwe hafu yeawa "DC" riri pasi muchadenga.

At 8:48 ari kuruboshwe bapiro Switch anocherechedza zvemamiriro kuwedzera chafariz kuita kuti zvirugu izvi. Asi mashoko chipi chikonzero, havana hwakatamisirwa MCC kana kuratidza on-bhodhi pakombiyuta. The chete bhuku iyo zvino tinoziva pamusoro kuwedzera tembiricha iri "bhokisi dema."

At 8:53 nokuda chomuruki vanotanga idonhe ngwanda. Uye zvishoma sensors PCOS chete yakaratidza vanokara Kuchinja parameters. Kubva nguva nenguva vakapoteredza "Columbia" Vacherechedzi yakati yakajeka kupenya chiedza.

At 8:58 chikepe dzadonha kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye usina kukonekita. Pagungano 8:59 akagura chakapfuura pamwe mukuru university. At 9:00 "Columbia" mudenga iri kuparara. At 09:05 chakaitika vachiwira masarasara yacho chomuruki kunyika iri mundima US mamiriro Texas.

Heino yakadaro pfupi mazita zviitiko izvo kuchizoguma pamwe nokukuvadzwa chomuruki "Columbia". In dambudziko ichi, hapana vashandi nhengo vakanga vasina mukana wokupona.

pashure nenjodzi,

Mushure mutsaona, kana vakawanda mashoko zvaigoneka kuongorora kukura kwakaita chiitiko, February 1, 2003 11:00 am zvose petsanga vakanga akatura kupinda Space Center. maawa pashure maviri nehafu akanga akateverwa pamutemo payakazivisa tsaona. university "Columbia" nhamo akashanda se chikonzero kutsvaka US President George W. Bush kurudzi pa 13:05 iwoyo. Akaratidza mashoko ekunyaradza kuti mhuri vanobatwa, uye akabhadharawo mutero kuna heroism taita nhengo.

Pakarepo mushure mutsaona vakatanga kutsvaka zvisaririra muchikepe. Pamutemo, vanopfuura 500 vanhu vakatora chikamu maari. The vakatsvakwa kuoma ndechokuti chikamu chomuruki vakapararira munzvimbo ravakwa guru, kufukidza States of Texas, Louisiana, California, Arizona akawanikwa Pane anenge 12,000 zvimedu. Zvikurukuru, zvakanzi vakawana zano kuti unotsiva bhokisi dema.

vaakawana Zvakasaririra miviri rakarira.

Feya zvinokonzera uye mhedziso

Pakutanga vaiona zvinokonzera akawanda kwokuputsika, asi mukana kwemagandanga akanga pakarepo warambidzwa, nekuti magadzirirwo aitenge kuita. Kunyange zvazvo pane imwe nguva paIndaneti kunyange shanduro zvaizoparadzirwa, kuti chomuruki ikatsva yakaitika nokuda kutanga utachiona kombiyuta iri chomuruki mugadziriro. Asi shanduro iyi asinganyimi mvura.

Nokufamba kuferefeta kuferefeta akaramba shanduro nhatu, kare zvaisanganisira ari core. On mumwe wavo, akoromoke kwakakonzerwa "kukwegura" pakati pakuvaka chomuruki. Maererano neimwe shanduro, mhaka tsaona yakanga yakanyanya pamawere uye unopinza-kundopinda chomuruki. On wechitatu - njodzi kwakaitika somuuyo kukundikana braking hurongwa. Asi, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pamwe nguva nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, zvekungofungira izvi vakaramba.

Paiva shanduro huru mbiri. On mumwe wavo mutsaona yakaitika nemhaka kuvadza kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye unhani, izvo zvakaitika zvakawanda pakutanga chimutundumuseremusere. Maererano wechipiri termopokrytiya kukuvara zvakaitika nzvimbo nokuda kuwa meteorite.

Wokupedzisira goho, rakanga verenga kubva muna August 2003, saka kuti tsaona yakaitika nokuda kukundikana rworuboshwe Bapiro chomuruki pamwe magasi dzvuku inopisa rakapinda mumba yayo mhango nokuda kukuvara kuputira.

migumisiro

The chikuru zvakazokonzerwa nenjodzi vaparidzi kusimbisa nomudonzvo kuchengeteka okudenha NASA chitundumusere-musere uye zvikwata pamusoro pavo. chinyorwa ichi kwave kunyanya zvakajeka muna kuguma ra2008 rinokosha mushumo NASA.

Dambudziko chomuruki "Columbia" university njodzi "Challenger" muna 1986, uyewo matambudziko akawanda panguva unozotevera ndege akamanikidza NASA muna 2011 kuti curtail chirongwa Space Shuttle.

ndangariro

Zvisinei, kuyeuka magamba muchadenga kunoongorora, vaiva nhengo vashandi vari chomuruki, anorarama nhasi.

Mumwe Swiss padombo bhendi muna 2005 yakabudiswa rwiyo rwakanga rwakazvitsaurira kuti dambudziko iri. Uye mumakore maviri asati kuti pati akakurumbira British bhendi Deep Purple akanyorwa rwiyo-kuzvitsaurira, ndinoshanda kuti assignee akashayikirwa mhuri muchadenga kunoongorora.

Uyewo mukukudza chimutundumuseremusere zvakanzi zita rimwe supercomputers, iro rinoshandiswa NASA - Columbia. Mumwe nenhongonya peGomo Kit Carson muColorado Columbia Point ainzi.

zvichireva dambudziko guru

Dambudziko chomuruki "Columbia" pane imwe nguva inokosha chakajairika mu American muvanhu. Akaratidza unreliability pamusoro chomuruki kutiza uye rose gadziriro, iyo panguva rakashandiswa NASA.

Zvinonzi njodzi iyi aiva mumwe zvikonzero yakafanira mubvunzo wakabvunzwa pamusoro kuvhara of Space Shuttle chirongwa uko.