Saudi Arabia, Mecca uye nhoroondo dzavo

Guta dzvene Mecca - chikuru guta vechiMuslim yenyika. Vanhu havabvumi Islam, haagoni kupinda mariri. In Mecca, mupfumi uye zvinonakidza nhoroondo. Uyu wepagore outorwa centre.

The kubatwa pamusoro Mecca nevaMuslim

Islam yakabuda munzvimbo muArabhia Peninsula iri VII remakore. The Prophet Muhammad, uyo aiva musoro vemunharaunda idzva, vakabatana nevatsigiri vake pasi utungamiriri hwake. Pakutanga zvakanga nzanga duku, kumativi zvakanga vahedheni yakasiyana chaizvo kumabvazuva. The muArabhu zvomusango kunamata zvifananidzo (kunzvimbo idzi kumbobvira akauya chiKristu, waiva Byzantium uye Western Europe nzvimbo).

Madzinza ikatsemuka. Vaya vakaramba vari vahedheni, vaMuslim vakagumisa kwekanguva runyararo chibvumirano. MuArabhiya Peninsula yakakamurwa. Kururama akanga asina kodzero kuoneka munharaunda yacho vaMuslim. Zvisinei, sungano yave akambokanganiswa, ipapo Prophet Muhammad akatungamirira mauto ake kuti Mecca. Izvi zvakaitika mugore 630. City haana kudzivisa.

zvinoera muguta

Pano aiva Kaaba, waiva mukuru neKijuni pakati vaMuslim. Chivako ichi ari muchimiro kuutio akasikwa yechihedheni nguva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga yakavakwa nevatumwa vanhu kuti vanamate Mwari.

The yomukatikati yakavakwa pamusoro machena nechimwe. Mumwe angled ayo anoenderana rimwe kumativi chiedza. VaMuslim, pasinei nekwavanogara, nguva dzose vakatarira Mecca. Kaaba chakagadzirwa machena, ayo pamusoro nguva dzose curtained dema sirika.

chikamu Caliphate

Guta dzvene akanga akasiyana-siyana rinoti, ichangoburwa chiri Saudi Arabia. Mecca kumbova guta guru rehurumende, asingaiti zvitadzise kukosha kwayo.

Pashure yakakundwa nokuda vaMuslim ari VII remakore, kumativi muArabhia Peninsula rakura rakakura Caliphate. Iye vakabatana navaArabhu uyo Islamized North Africa uye Spain kumadokero navaPersia kumabvazuva.

Guta guru caliphs akatanga muDhamasiko, uye ipapo - muna Baghdad. Kunyange zvakadaro Mecca akaramba inokosha muzinda Islam. Pano gore negore akashanyira vatendi kuti aite Hajj. Chimwe guta dzvene Medina vakava vaMuslim, zvisina kure Mecca. Zvaiva imomo kuti Muhammad akararama.

Mecca agara ari mwoyo womunhu dzechiArab nyika, saka haawanzopiwi nayo nyonganyonga yezvematongerwe enyika uye muganhu hondo. Kunyange zvakadaro, chakava kuda kurwiswa. Somuenzaniso, muna X remakore zvakanzi dzichapambwa Carmathians - ngwizhingwi kechitendero. Ivo akazviratidza Bahrain vakasamuziva iyoyo youmambo pamusoro caliphs - the Fatimids. Kurwiswa Mecca mugore 930 akanga kushamisika wakakwana nokuda Mapilgrim akawanda. Vavengi akaba Black Stone, rakanga akatasva kuna Kaaba (iyi ndiyo imwe zvisaririra vaMuslim). Uyezve, Carmathians kufanorongwa ari wazvakaitika chaiyo. The kwebhokisi adzoka Mecca makore chete makumi maviri gare gare (akanga akabhadhara rudzikinuro guru).

Mukupera Ages pano, uyewo yose Silk Road uye muEurope, denda yakaenderera. Vakaurayiwa Mecca vakanga chete chiduku chikamu vakaurayiwa Black Death chekorera.

Under Turkish utongi

By XVI remakore navaArabhu vakafirwa anenge ose akakunda nharaunda panguva yacho Caliphate. Mukusarudza chinzvimbo pakati vaMuslim vakatamira vokuTurkey, uyo muna 1453 akakunda Constantinople - guta guru Byzantine Empire. Chokwadi, Sunnis kuda kudzora, uye guta dzvene vaMuslim.

Muna 1517 Mecca pakupedzisira yabvuma kuti vokuTurkey uye vakava rutivi hweOttoman Empire, izvo akatambanudza kubva muBalkans kusvikira kumiganhu Persia. Mapilgrim muna Mecca kwenguva emakore mashoma wakanganwa pamusoro kupokanidzana uye kurwisana navo nevavakidzani. Zvisinei, muArabhia National sangano rakatanga akanzwa pashure hweOttoman Empire vakawanda achinyatsotaurira dambudziko. Muzana XIX remakore guta kwemakore kwave inogarwa ndiwo madzishe.

MaArab vadzosere guta

Kwokupedzisira kurwadzisa Turkish utongi muna Mecca zvakaitwa munguva World War First. The hweTurkey vakatsigira Kaiser kuti Germany. Entente akarova maronda ake zvakakura zvinoverengeka, pashure iyo nyika dzakawira vega. An basa rinokosha izvi yakanga reDare Briton Tomas Lourens. Akakwanisa kunyengetedza muArabhiya gavhuna Hussein Bin Ali kupandukira hweOttoman Empire. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1916. Arab vapanduki Wakunda asi akafa Mecca zviuru. Saka paiva mamiriro Hejaz, guta guru iro rakanga riri guta dzvene.

The yose reArabhiya kweItari zvakare zvakavharwa raitungamirwa navaArabhu, vane kwemakumi emakore vakaedza kuvaka pano yakagadzikana mamiriro. Zvinonzi akavaka kunhivi Saudi hwedzinza. Vakakwanisa wokubatanidza vakapararira zvemisoro. Saka Saudi Arabia akabuda muna 1932. Mecca akava rimwe remaguta guru reko. The guru akakurudzirwa Riyadh. Guta Mecca uye Medina vakanga zvakare murunyararo. Pano, sapamazuva akare, vafambi akatanga kusvika.

Hajj kuna Mecca

Saudi Arabia (Mecca iguta nyika) gore negore anogamuchira vashanyi vanobva munyika yose. Muslim ose vanofanira kanenge kamwe hwose kuenda Mecca pamusoro Hajj - the kunonamata panzvimbo tsvene, kusanganisira Kaaba. Shure kwaizvozvo zvose, Saudi Arabia ari kutevera akatibvunzisisa. Mecca munguva Hajj kunodzivirirwa pamwe chakazara kutarisirwa.

Zvinosuruvarisa kunyange izvi hazvina kukwana kuti vadzivise njodzi. Saka, sezvo vachangobva sezvo 2015, kwakava mumhirizhonga rakauraya mamiriyoni 2 vanhu. njodzi dzakadaro kuitika nokuda kuwanda mikoko. The Hajj akatuma ezviuru, uye kazhinji chete vasina kwakarongwa nzvimbo. Mumhirizhonga iri Mecca - chiitiko hakusi hazviwanzoitiki. Similar zviitiko zvakaitika kare. Kana wokupedzisira pakati pavo kwakanga kunyanya yakawanda vakaurayiwa kubva kuchamhembe Africa, iyo netsika zviri nevaMuslim vakawanda. Mumhirizhonga iri Mecca muna 2015 kwakakatyamadza nyika.