Soviet counteroffensive pedyo Moscow. Yakatanga counteroffensive muna Battle of Moscow

Munhau pane nguva kuti hazvigoni rewritten kana dzakachinjwa hapana wenhoroondo. Yakanyanya kuwa 1941, apo pangozi, zvaiita pose, paiva mubvunzo kuchengetedza kuvimbika Soviet Union, yakawanda nesimba rave akandwa pasi kudzivirira Moscow. Uye pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu, mauto fronts matatu December 5, 1941 vakatanga pakaunda-tsamwisa mauto eSoviet pedyo Moscow. Kubvira pazuva iroro, zvishoma nezvishoma asi zvirokwazvo yakatsvikinyidzana yechiFascist nechisimba kune wokumavirira kumiganhu mamiriro edu. Asi kwete saka akafunga kuti oparesheni kukomba USSR nevaNazi.

kuronga Barbarossa

Summer 1941 kwakanga kuchirwadza kuti Soviet Union. June 22, mauto eNazi chibharo muganhu wehurumende uye akatamira yezviri tsamwisa mashandiro. At moyo kutanga Germany akarara yakakurumbira Barbarossa plan, yakataurwa Field Marshal Paurosi. Akadana kukurumidza kufambira mberi mauto eGermany ari European chikamu USSR, kupambwa pamaguta ose makuru, kusanganisira guru Leningrad (tingazoti akafunga kuti hondo nokuda Moscow kwaizova mumwe pakona pfungwa muhondo zvinotyisa izvi). The womumhuri oparesheni Paurosi akatenda kubatwa of Caucasus nekukurumidza mbishi zvinhu. Pashure pezvose, mumatanda European pamusoro parafini refu mushandirapamwe Wehrmacht kugona kwakakwana.

Zvinofanira yakajekeswa kuti huru nzira hurongwa uyu nokukurumidza chaizvo chinotangira mapoka simba tangi kuti vaifanira kutsemuka kwokudzivirira Red Army uye kutema chokufambisa arteries ayo zvitengeswa. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti motorized inifanduri German, kuenda zvishoma nezvishoma, achaparadza vakasara vemauto zviumbu of Red Army, iyo akasvika pasi tangi kurwisa.

The inifanduri vakarayirwa kuti pave inonzi bhaira uye kuita dzisina kudzivirirwa nekugara kuwana romugove tangi muzvikamu yokurwisa. Basa iri akapiwa kuboka hondo "Center", pasi murayiro Field Marshal Fedor of Bock. Chaiva pamusoro 4 th uye 9 fung Army, akaita chifukidziro inifanduri tangi boka, iyo yakaumbwa kubva 2nd uye 3rd mapoka tangi. Uwandu kuhondo-vakagadzirira tangi mapoka mumapoka aya vakapfuura 60. Air muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano of Bock rakafukidza 2nd Air Force Luftwaffe, rinosvika anenge 1680 yetsiva ndege.

The heroism pamuganhu varindi

Pasinei hama kamwe kamwe nokurwiswa, kubva maawa wokutanga vokuGermany takatarisana nechisarudzo kukuru nemishonga kubva Soviet pamuganhu nevarindi, uyo, Chokwadi, vaisagona kurega kurwisa tangi wedges nechisimba. Zvisinei, maawa kuti ainyatsoshandisa vakaramba mupomerwi (a anozivikanwa chokwadi kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo, muhomwe kurwisa smoldered kwemwedzi), akabvumira vamwe zororo kubva kuitika ngozi ezvinhu Soviet dzose dzakabatana kumadokero negwara.

Nemamwe mashoko, nhamba "nguva - kurasikirwa" kubva maminitsi hondo vakatanga kushanda pamusoro vokuGermany. Pfungwa idzi kwakunoitwa netsamba vamwe veuto German zviri General Staff. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda hazvina kushandura Nezvagara Zviripo. VokuGermany yakaoma, asi akarwiswa, kuparadza mauto uye kwemashoko Red Army. Zvisinei, nepo ivo pachavo vakatambura inorema varasikirwa.

kusimudzira kure negungwa

Hondo pedo Moscow kuti chaimbova Army Group pamapoka "Center", akatakurwa kunze nechisimba. German warrior wedges ngoma akabatwa vachiwedzera kumiganhu itsva, asi kakawanda zviri hwaenda mbiru pachavo abatwa mumoto mumasaga uye vavandiri. Pane zviitiko apo nounyanzvi kugadzirirwa atirari vavandire kuparadzwa chete muhondo uye 20 Matangi German.

murayiro Hitler havana kuteerera kwakadaro yambira mishumo ake vehondo. Zvaiita kuti kukunda muhomwe. Dambudziko nerokuchema achidzivirira Red Army achiri kuti apedzise mhepo ukuru nevaNazi. Armáda Junkers dzakagadzira pasi guta norugare, uye varwi havana vasade kunyange vachivhimei mapoka maduku vapoteri.

ndege Soviet, pedyo nemiganhu kuti kwira, rakaparadzwa anenge zvachose. Saka, vhiki shomanana muvengi akanzwa akanaka akasununguka mudenga. Asi, pasinei ichi, vamwe varwi vachiri nendege. Sezvandakakupai pasi oparesheni, musi 22 Chikumi vokuGermany nezvinhu ndege yokutanga. Uye musi August 7, Soviet kumberi avhiyesheni zviito akarova yokutanga bhomba kurwisa ari pamusoro Berlin.

Zvinangwa ino haibatanidzi kuchinjwa mazita varwi nomukurumbira uye zviyero nemauto, idzo dzinotyisa kuzvidzivirira, akapfeka pasi yokuGermany muchina uto mumugwagwa guru, richipa mukana kugadzirira counterattack wamapoka Soviet pedyo Moscow. Mazita evanhu, Chokwadi, hapana mukangokanganwa.

Operation "Dutu"

Uye ndinoda kuona ndechokuti nguva apo Wehrmacht aiva wokutanga anotyisa, uye maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, ronda guru. Zviri pamusoro zuva, apo Soviet pakaunda-kunogumbura pa Moscow. Zvakaita kubatwa zviri guru USSR Adolf Hitler akabatanidza chikuru kubudirira blitzkrieg ake.

Early pamusoro muna General Staff vehondo German inokosha kushanda kuti andobata Moscow yambokurukurwa, iyo codenamed "Dutu". Urongwa kunosanganisira kushandiswa chete tangi "wedges". Three boka kugwinha tangi akaronga zviparadzanise okuchengetedza Soviet uye kusvika Moscow kubva wandei mirayiridzo, chete kubvumira inifanduri kuti vakasununguka kupinda muguta.

Refu hondo zvekudzivira

Day counteroffensive pedyo Moscow achiri kure, asi nokushanda reNazi vakatanga musi 30 September. Zvakapoteredzwa mauto Soviet kumadokero Vyazma, vaNazi vakaronga kuparadzwa kwavo zvizere. Zvisinei, kutsigira muguta akanga anotyisa nemishonga kuburikidza kudhonza kuti vaifamba pakati vokuGermany, waiva kutsigira boka mberi tangi.

Uye Chikurukuru, kuramba tichishanda hondo Vyazma akabvumira murayiro veSoviet substantially kusimbisa Mozhayskoe mirayiridzo tichiregeredza yakachena reserves. Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakanga zvakaita rimwe anokosha zvinhu rose kudzivirira hurongwa, izvo zvakapa kutanga pakaunda-kunogumbura pedyo Moscow.

mamiriro okukomba

On October 13 kumativi ose inoenda guru, rinorema kurwa kwatanga. The State Defense Committee afunga pamusoro zvishomanana kubvisa vamwe emakambani uye nedzenyu Corps muMoscow. The chaizvo chete Mukuru Wehondo Stalin akaramba kusiya Moscow.

October 19 ari mamiriro okukomba yakanga rinorambidzwa. Zviuru Muscovites kukasawedzerwa weboka National varwi, kuchera kuzvidzivirira pemigero, gadza chaiyo antitank ematongerwo. Muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano wamapoka Soviet pana Vyazma nokuda yokunyanyisa kuita akakwanisa ukadarika, patting yekudyidzana akaiyera German shure uye yekudyidzana kusimbisa yayo nokupesana mamiriro kuti akadzivirira guru.

uto paredhi

In yechipiri yezana October, vokuGermany vakanga vachiri kurwisa kumhanya, kuramba kubvarura Moscow. Vakatora Orel, kuKalinin uye kusvika nzira kuna Tula. Zvisinei, mukuru pfungwa kuvhiyiwa "Dutu" raiva pachena kuvhiringidzika. VaNazi havana kukwanisa pamberi zvikuru chando kubata Moscow.

Mukutanga November, apo Hondo Moscow pamusoro "ikadzikama," Mukuru Wehondo Stalin akanga pfungwa rokubata yemauto achimisa muMoscow. Rakanga inokosha zvikuru uye akachenjera enyika kufamba ari utungamiri yeSoviet. Nov. 7 paredhi kwakaitika. The yose Vagari Soviet Union chaizvo kuramba chiitiko akaita guru pfungwa.

Masoja, uyo vakafora vari kwakawanda, akaona Stalin pamusoro pachikuva of Mausoleum. Zvakava pachena zvose pamberi muhondo dzakawanda inokosha uye kusarudza, izvo hakusi kurega kuenda utungamiriri kunyange yepamusoro munyika. The morale yokushanda pamberi Red Army akanga unprecedentedly yakakwirira. Tinogona kutaura takasununguka kuti hondo Moscow, Soviet counteroffensive uye kusunungura hurumende vaNazi vakatanga pano, musi Red Square.

Kutapurirana mauto kubva East Far

Uyezve, imwe kushamisa hachifadzi nokuti German General Staff aiva kwechimbichimbi kuchinjirwa kubva East Far mumapoka, dzaiva ikoko kudzivisa kurwisa Union vaFascist Japan. Soviet basa chakavanzika aiva yakasiyana nokushanda disinformation murayiro Japanese, saka zvitsva uye zvakanaka-zvombo mauto akasvika kutsigira Soviet counteroffensive pedyo Moscow.

Zvisinei, murayiro German asingazivi nezvazvo uye kuramba kukudziridza operative kubudirira. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo nechemberi vaNazi vakakwanisa kuuya Moscow pamusoro 11 km. Asi pasinei simba yakakuwandira of Red Army akamira. Ndaneta kurwisa zvidzidzo German akakoniwa kuzova nomoyo kufanoronga.

The tipping pfungwa

Kubva 5 6 December nokuda vokuGermany yakatanga vanoshamiswa kunogumbura mauto eSoviet pedyo Moscow, uye akaputsika mauto eGermany vakadzingwa shure 150-200? Km kubva guru. Nokurasikirwa chakakonzerwa namaneja ari kusvikira asingakundiki Wehrmacht vakanga monstrous. Oga manpower akaparadza vanopfuura zviuru 500 vanhu. Mberi vaiva hondo vanotyisa uye refu ina makore yehondo. Asi chokutanga mutswe vemauto muchina weNazi Germany vaiva nayo Hondo Moscow.