Chii chinonzi "framework"? Net Pakuumbwa. "Microsoft", "urongwa"

Nokufamba kwenguva, yepamusoro vanoshandisa anotanga kuziva chii ari "framework". Pakarepo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hapana kwakatooma zvikuru uye zvinotyisa zviri papuratifomu ichi. Kutanga Windows Vista shanduro chinhu ichi chikamu rose hurongwa. Nokuti XP vachiri hwokugadza rokuti kana hazvisi. Asi regai kuva simbe kuti kukopa chinhu kana, neimwe nzira, kuti arubvise. Chaizvo kudiwa.

Nokuda kuvapo zvigadzirwa zvakadaro rinowanika dzakawanda mafomu. Kunyange asati kudhanilodha vatyairi zvakakodzera kuti ATI mavhidhiyo kadhi kuitwa iiswe Net Pakuumbwa. Kana svikiro asipo, kukanganisa mashoko achaonekwa panguva startup zvikumbiro. Kuvapo chikamu chinoumba kunokosha ezvinhu sezvo WinAPI, pasina izvo hurongwa haasi. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura chii chinonzi "framework".

Kuti unzwisise vakawanda pfungwa

Chii chinonzi "framework"? Chikuva Uyu Integrated chezvinonhuwira ezvinhu hunotsigira zvakasikwa uye mawa aurayiwe mafomu idzva XML-Web Services.

The Shanduro yokutanga yakabudiswa muna 2002. Kuchikuva yakazokudziridzwa yakavakirwa zvinangwa zvakawanda.

Chokutanga pakuvimbisa munhu wezvikamu kuramba vaifarira padandemutande kukura ezvinhu. It unodiwa panguva yomunharaunda Kuchengetedzwa uye Implementation nechinhu Codes uye ciphers, dzakagoverwa paIndaneti. Zvinokwanisika ari kure mabasa.

Chechipiri, urongwa remitemo kuurayiwa ezvinhu waanodzikisira kunetsana apo deploying Software uye pakushandisa shanduro dzakasiyana. Inofanira kuva runovimbisa yakachengeteka kuurayiwa yemirayiro, kusanganisira aya akanyorwa zvinowanikwa zvinosanganisira kana yechitatu-party vagadziri.

Chechitatu: kuti pave Implementation pamusoro Codes runyararo pasina mabasa zvinetso Implementation pamusoro scripting kana zvichishandurwa ciphers.

Dzimwe nzvimbo okukura pechikuva

chinangwa Wechina: kupa rakabatana uye interconnected nenheyo mapurogiramu kuti rakasiyana-siyana Windows mafomu uye paIndaneti kuwedzera.

Chechishanu: kuvaka ukama inobva indasitiri mureza, ichipa rakabatana pakakwirira remitemo nezvimwe Codes.

chikuru zvinoriumba

Created ne "Microsoft", "kuumbwa" ine boka raibhurari uye Common Language Runtime (CLR). By vapedzisira chinorehwa okutenderera, dzedare Codes panguva Implementation dzavo uye achipa mamwe mabasa anokosha (kuchengetwa zvakanaka mabasa, Rwako uye remoting).

Dzinokosha ezvinhu anechekuita simba achitaipa uye zvakasiyana nezvitsinga kuongorora encryption inonzi kuchengeteka uye kusavapo yezvikanganiso. The Runtime zvakatipoteredza akasikwa kuti kutonga Codes.

Chimwe chikuru chezvinonhuwira kuchikuva chinhu raibhurari kirasi. Chinhu chakakwana chinhu vaifarira muunganidzwa pakubhadhara wakashandiswa pakusikwa mafomu, kubvira mureza, pakuvhurwa kubva murayiro mutsetse kana y User, uye kupedza midziyo kushandisa ichangobva ASP.NET michina nezvaanogona, dzakadai XML, Web Services, uye Web Forms.

kudyidzana kwezvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana

Nokudaro, CLR zvakatipoteredza uye boka raibhurari chokuita software uye yose gadziriro. Naizvozvo, inodzidzisa havagoni kumhanya kushanda pasina chikuva rine zvinhu izvi.

Zvinogona of CLR

Ichi chinhu kuchikuva ndiye anokonzera ndangariro, shinda kuurayiwa, uye bumbiro akationgorora akanyorwa Cipher, muunganidzwa, uye mamwe maitiro mabasa. Ezvemutauro izvi zvinonzi zvemukati. Vanopinda vakakwanisa bumbiro kuti anomhanya CLR.

Kuti vave nechokwadi kuchengeteka, zvakamisa hurongwa vanotumirwa yakasiyana chivimbo yomuropa, zvichienderana zvikonzero zvakawanda, kusanganisira mavambo (vakasikwa paIndaneti, zvavakanga vachida kuita kana veko zvakarukwa kombiyuta). Unogona ukwanise kana chokukuvadza vachikwanisa kuita inodzorwa chinhu remapazi, akadai yokunyoresa kuwana, kuwana maitiro mafaira nezvimwe mabasa. Izvi zviri kuitwa, kunyange kana bumbiro kushandiswa chero kushingaira kushanda. Access nayo kunovimbisa ari Runtime.

prioritization Mharidzo

Somuenzaniso, inodzidzisa anogona kuvimba chikumbiro rinoshanda, padandemutande peji ichavakirwa-iri, kutamba ekuteerera kana akachangamuka, vachiramba kuwana pachedu mafaira kana Network. Nokuda CLR kuchengeteka inoratidza zvechokwadi muAtlantic ari paIndaneti Software inowana mupfumi zvinhu.

Kubviswa zvichibvira chikumbiro zvikanganiso

Infrastructure yakarurama achitaipa uye cheki Codes, rinonzi CTS, chinozoiswa Via kuurayiwa ezvinhu chinosimbisa rakavimbika zvakanyorwa Cipher. Nokuda hurongwa hwakadaro inopiwa kuzvidzora tsanangudzo ose okunze. Yakasiyana mutauro compilers kubva Microsoft uye akazvimirira vanyori kungadaro vakakwanisa romutemo. It unoenderana ezvinhu zvavo marudzi. Bumbiro iri anotora dzimwe vakakwanisa zviitiko. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita kunovimbisa simba achitaipa.

Nokuda kuvapo inodzorwa Runtime ezvinhu inosiya kupfuura yokudzokorora.-software zvikanganiso. Somuenzaniso, zvinhu uye magwaro kwavari inoiswa yakakodzera akakwirira uye kubviswa kana kwete kushandiswa. azvaiitwa rwoga Rinotarisira Runtime ambotaurwa. Kwakadaro ndangariro kutarisirwa anobvisa mamwe zvinozivikanwa: ndangariro idonhe uye akaputsika Links pairi.

kuwedzera negoho

Nokuda kuurayiwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunowedzera kunyatsoshanda kuti Developers. Somuenzaniso, programmers anogona kushandisa ayo zvakanakira paainyora mafomu mumutauro kujairana kwavari. Developers svikika raibhurari nemakirasi uye zvinoriumba. Kunyange kana zvinhu zvakanyorwa mumwe mutauro, programmers achakwanisa kuzvishandisa. Basa rinoshandiswa vagadziri vakawanda compilers, angadaro ari Runtime kwezvakatipoteredza. Pamusana papuratifomu ichi nzira dziri kupiwa huripo romutemo rakanyorwa mumitauro zvakakodzera, uye kutama kwacho akasika mafomu iri akwanise kwazvo.

kugarisana

Kuuraya zvakatipoteredza kusikirwa ramangwana michina. Zvisinei, izvozvo akatsigira mafomu ambonyora. Nokuda kukurukurirana pamusoro akakwanisa uye dzisingadzorwi romutemo Developers vanogona kushandisa zvakakodzera ru zvinoriumba uye zvenyaya DLL.

The Runtime anowedzera yauinayo. Rinotibatsira seti neezvitendero padandemutande mabasa. Akakwanisa bumbiro panguva hapana uye haana zvichishandurwa. Ari anobvumirwa kumhanya pamusoro PC muchina mutauro zvinoreva akumbirwa kuti muunganidzwa (JIT). Nokuti yepamusoro negoho panguva kuyeuka maneja anobvisa mukana wayo kusabatana uye anowedzera yaipedzerwa.

Net Pakuumbwa kirasi raibhurari

Muunganidzwa pakubhadhara kuti zviri pedyo revatema pamwe CLR. Kirasi Library chinhu vaifarira. Pakati Mhando mabasa naro aidzora User yekubvuma kazhinji nhaka mabasa. Iri nyore basa uye kunoderedza nguva pamusoro pokumuka itsva zvishandiso pachikuva. Uyezve, maererano akazvimirira vanyori zvinhu zviri nyore kuti pamwe yakavakwa-mumakirasi. Somuenzaniso, chikamu muunganidzwa pachikuva akagadzirwa interfaces zvingashandiswa kukura tsika zvinoriumba. makirasi ava nyore chokubatanidza pamwe kuvakwa.

Achipa pezvakaitwa

Nokuda mhando pachikuva anogona kugadzirisa zvakafanana mabasa akadai nekunhonga umbowo riine mashoko hurongwa, kuwana mafaira siyana, kushanda netambo. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji vavo kutsigira zvikuru unyanzvi kukura yemugumo. Somuenzaniso, kuchikuva akashandisa kusika kunyaradzana software, Web Services, Windows mabasa, zvirongwa ane graphical User inowanikwa, uyewo Wpf mafomu, Asp.Net, Wcf, WF.

Third-party yekubvuma

Chii chinonzi "kuumbwa" ane yakazvimirira munyori? Izvi framework nzvimbo, torega basa raiitwa kunenge kunyora yokungodzokorora zvikamu chirongwa kusvikira chirongwa. The chikuru kusimbisa iri zvisingarambiki. Munhu kubata padandemutande kukura kwenguva yakati, inowanika chero kubika makirasi, kushandiswa mumabasa avo. seti kwakadaro kubva mumaraibhurari anogona kunzi "framework". Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru programmer anotanga kuona kuti yakare remitemo asingadi zvienderane, uye zvakafanira kuti Redo zvakare. Asi iwe unogona kuponesa nguva nokushandisa kare rakanyorwa ruzivo Developers "framework."

Php- «framework»

Zviri zvinoshamisa chinobatsira. Pamusana kwaari, VaF-mafomu vakasikwa uye vakaramba zvikuru nokukurumidza. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti yepamusoro, anoruka padandemutande kukura.

mhando

Yii- «framework» ibhuku kuumba munhu Web2.0-mafomu. Release shanduro dzaitaurwa December 2008. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi mukuru-kukoshesa Php- «framework». Panguva iyoyo akasunungurwa yakawanda Bumbiro zvakafanana, asi Yii iri mubereko mukurusa. It akasikwa muvambi "framework» Prado. Yii mukuru unongotaura. Ndiye chaiye PHP5-enderana "framework" akavaka pamusoro MVC mapurani. Yii zviri nyore kushandisa, vakarongeka.

JavaScript «zveupfumi": zvakasiyana

Kana dzichiri padandemutande zvikumbiro (kwete kuti kuvhiringidzwa nzvimbo ine vatambi UI) inodzidzisa ane kugadzira ari "vhiri", kutanga raiparadzanisa mashoko kubva UI-chikamu chikumbiro, uye ipapo kuziva munhu anokonzera kudyidzana kwavo. Saka, nokufamba kwenguva, kuti programmer anotanga kutsvaka vakagadzirira akagadzirwa negadziriso ukama pakati yenhengo izvi. Kugadzira dambudziko iri kunobatsira JavaScript «framework». Ane zvinopfuura 30 mhando.

Jquery - zviri inofadza Js- «framework», anofadza hama nyore kunzwisisa uye zvingangoguma kusununguka kushandiswa. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvava nevakawanda kwazvo. Jquery- «Pakuumbwa" rine zvikuru vakadzikama functionality. Nokuti makasika zvakawanda plugins nemirayiridzo. Asava mutendi mutsva padandemutande vagadziri vanogona kudzidza Jquery nyore. Naizvozvo rinoshandiswa zvikuru uye kakawanda.