Chii chinonzi kushambadzira mumashoko ari nyore?

Gore rimwe nerimwe, mazwi emutauro weRussia anowedzera nereji yemashoko ane chiuru mutsva. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, pane tsika yekukwereta mazwi ekunze, ayo anowanzoramba akasiyana, asinganzwisisiki kuvanhu vakawanda. Saka, mumwe nemumwe wedu kamwechete kamwe muhupenyu hwangu akanzwa izwi rokuti "mashura". Chii chiri mumashoko mashoma - iwe uchadzidza munyaya ino. Izwi iri rinonzwika kubva paTV, pane redhiyo, hongu, mumutsara. Izwi iri rinotarisirwa nevakuru vakuru vehurumende, vadzidzisi muzvikoro, vadzidzisi mumayunivhesiti, ndicho chikonzero vakawanda vechidiki vanogona kunge vachiziva zvinoreva. Saka chii chakashambadzira?

Etymology yezwi

Crowdsourcing ishoko rinobva kuChirungu. Mukushandura, boka revanhu rinoreva "vanhu vazhinji", kufungidzira - "tsvakurudzo yekutsvaga". Nokudaro, shoko iri rinoreva nzira yekuunganidza zvinhu chero chipi zvacho nehukuru hwevanhu. Nokukwevera pfuma yevanhu vazhinji, chero hutano hwemagariro hune mukana wakanaka wekubudirira. Chokwadi chinopupurirwa: kana munhu achinzwa achizvibatanidza mune chimwe chinokonzera, anotaura nezvechigadzirwa chebasa rekubatana zvakajeka, anochengetedza tsika iyi kune dzimwe mamiriro.

Kukurudzira vanhu vakawanda

Kushanda muRussia uye yakakurumbira kune imwe nyika kune imwe tsika yevanhu, sevanhu vakawanda. Mienzaniso yeRussia ruzivo pakushandisa teknolojia iyi inogona kuwanika pawebsite yehupfumi hwehupfumi hwehupfumi (PPPs). Nzvimbo iyi ine database yezvirongwa zvakasikwa, zvakasikwa panguva ino munguva kana kuti zviri mukurudzirwa. Public-private partnership muRussian Federation inobvumira kukurudzira kuisa mari yevamwe, kuita zvirongwa zvevanhu, vadzidzisi vezvematongerwo enyika (vanhu nemasangano epamutemo). Mipurumiti inopfuura chiuru yakaitwa muna 2016. Saka, muenzaniso wakakurumbira wevanhu vakawanda uri PPP muSt. Petersburg. Iyi ndiyo yekuvakwa kweWestern high-speed diameter - gwara rekufambisa rakagadzirirwa kubudisa migwagwa muguta.

Crowdsourcing: huchenjeri hunobatana sechinhu chekusimudzira mabhizinesi

Kukwikwidzana kunogona kushandiswa kwete munharaunda yehutano-hukama hwehurumende. Crowdsourcing teknolojia inowanzozivikanwa nevatungamiriri vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu hwevanhu: mune dzidzo, mune sayenzi, uye mune hutungamiri hwevanhu. Mienzaniso yekuwanda kwevanhu munyika yanhasi inogona kuverenga mamiriyoni, tsika iyi inowanzoshandiswa kune dzimwe nyika, uye nhasi iri kuwedzera kuzivikanwa muRussia. Kukwikwidzana hakusi nguva dzose kunokwezva kwezvinhu zvenyama. Pamusana pemapoka akawanda emakambani eRussia akawana hupenyu hwechipiri, somuenzaniso, kukohwa kwemaonero evanhu vakabatsira kusarudza magwaro ekudzorerazve mazano emabhizimisi anotungamirira. Chimwe chiitiko chakakurumbira chekombiyuta yakadai sekumhanya-shanduka ndeSberbank weRussia. Iri bhenji rinowanzokonzera maonero ehurumende kuti ataure nezvesarudzo dzekambani. Sberbank inowedzera pfungwa dzevatengi vayo, inopa hurukuro yavose pamusoro pemishonga mitsva. Nesimba rekufunga kwevanhu, kambani yakabudisa shanduro yefono, iyo inoshandiswa nehafu yehafu yebhanki rebhangi uye vabati venyaya.

Chiitiko cheguta guru

Ndekupi kuwanda kwevanhu vanoziva kuMoscow pachavo. Kutenda kuMoscow crowdsourcing portal, muna May 2017, mapurani gumi nemaviri akaiswa. Pakati pavo: mapurogiramu pamusoro pezvisikwa zvipenyu, kuvandudza basa rekutakura, kushanduka kwevana uye vakuru vepolyclinics, pamwe nekushandurwa kwebasa rekutengesa nzvimbo dzeIndaneti.

Imwe yemapurogiramu akakodzera kunyatsorongeka yakarongedzwa neMuscovites panyaya yekuchengetedza mhuka dzomusango muguta: muzvivako zvepaimba, mabhizinesi ezere uye munzvimbo dzevanhu. Zvishandiso zvemapurisa zvakabvumira vaMuscovites kuuya kune zvisarudzo zvinokosha. Kutanga, izwi rokuti "mhuka dzesango" rakatsanangurwa, uye rwechipiri, mitoro yekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza uye mufambiro munzvimbo idzi nhatu dzakanyorwa mazita ezvipfuwo zvemhuka dzesango dzakatumidzwa zita.

Crowdsourcing

Ndekupi kukwidziridza uye kuti zvinoitika sei, kuchabatsira kuongorora zvinotevera:

• Crowdsourcing design: inokubvumira kusarudza logos uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Inogona kushandiswa munharaunda yehutungamiri hwevanhu.
• Kraudfanding: nzira yekutsvaga muzvikwereti, asi zviduku zvisingazivikanwi. Semuenzaniso, nekubatsirwa kwevanhu vakawanda muGermany, kwete kare kare, yakavakwa neraibhurari inoshamisa mumhepo, ichibatanidza zvidhinha uye zvinyaradzo zvekusika nzvimbo.
• Microtasking chigadziro chekuputika kwevanhu, izvo zvinokubvumira kuti ubhadhe chiverengero chisingagumi chevanhu vane rubatsiro mune imwe nyaya iyo yakasununguka kana yokubhadhara. Kazhinji kurogiramu iyi inonzi freelancing, asi usanetseka pfungwa idzi mbiri, sezvo freelancing inowanzoita mumwe munhu, uye microtasking ingave inopfuura zvuru.

Chokutanga chiitiko: mapoka evanhu uye maitiro

Kugadzira kukwidzika kwevanhu mukutungamira kwakatanga kushandiswa muAustralia muna 1901, apo masimba ehurumende yakangobva kusikwa akasarudza kuumba mufananidzo wavo wenyika - mureza. Pakukwikwidzana, zvakanakisisa zvezvirevo zvakasarudzwa. Vagari venyika dzekune dzimwe nyika vakabatanidzwawo mukuvhota. Kubva kune dzimwe nyika, pamwe chete nehutano hwehupfumi hweAustralia mumazana emakore makumi maviri ekutanga hwakakonzera kusarudzwa kwemifananidzo yakarongwa yemureza. Ihwo hutsika uye hukama hwemazuva iwayo hwakakonzerawo chisarudzo. Ndicho chikonzero mureza weAustralia wakatsoropodzwa zvekare mumakore ekuma makumi maviri ekupedzisira (nekuda kwekusimudzira kuderera kweAustralia kuBrithani). Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare kuti mashandisirwo emagetsi akashandiswa kusika kugadzirwa kweSydney Opera.

Dzidzo

Kukwikwidzika mune dzidzo kunoshandiswa mumasangano ezvidzidzo uye vanhu vanozvipira kuzvikoro. Saka, semuenzaniso, avo vanoda kudzidza mutauro wekunze, shandisa mashoma ekugadzira DuoLingo, maungagona kudzidzira mataurirwo emashoko echiChirungu, dzidza mitemo yemagariro mufomu yemutambo. Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzekudzidzisa seCoursera kana "Universarium" dzinokubvumirawo kudzidza zvigadzirwa zvinonakidza (kubva pakubika kune microeconomics) pamba. Vhivhesiti, makambani uye vanhu varipo vanoisa mavhidhiyo pazvinzvimbo dzeIndaneti uye nokudaro vanobatsira pakuvandudza hutano hwezvidzidzo uye huwandu huse hwekuverenga nekunyora kwevanhu.

Kubatsira kwevanhu vakawanda

Mune tsanangudzo, kunzwisisa chii chinokwidziridza, iwe unogona kusiyanisa zvose zvinobatsira uye zvisingabatsiri zvekombiyuta iyi. Kutanga, kushambadzira kwevanhu vakawanda kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwekambani kwekambani. Kakawanda kutarisa patsva kubva kunze kunokubvumira kuti uone kubatsirwa mune zviduku zvishoma. Chechipiri, pfungwa dzakanyatsojeka dzinogona kuberekwa pazvizvi, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda huve nyore. Kukwikwidzana kunokubvumira kutora hurumende dzemasangano kumatambudziko makuru muupenyu hwevagari vemo. Kuwedzera kwehutano hwematongerwe enyika, iyo mikana yakawanda yokuti ichabudirira kubudirira sezvo ichishandiswa.

Imwe inobatsira inodhura mari yebasa. Vanhu vazhinji vanoda kushanda pasina, vachigadzira chimwe chinhu chinodiwa. Kushanda nokuda kwechikonzero ndechimwe chekuita kwevanhu vakawanda.

Kukanganiswa kwemuitiro uyu

Dambudziko rekushandura muchengeti, zvichida, kusakosha kukuru kwevanhu vakawanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, inongorira avo chete vanoshandisa mapepa asina kuiswa, inotanga pakutanga pazvikamu zviduku-zvinozikamwa. Mazano makuru kune avo vanozoisa mari mune pfungwa yakanaka, inongova nyevero pamusoro pekusarudza kwevanhu vakawanda.

Shandisa nzvimbo dzakakurumbira uye ruzivo mukushandisa mitambo yakafanana. Kana iwe uri mutambi mune basa revanhu vakawanda, usatarisira mubairo mukuru. Kazhinji, vatengi vanopa mari shoma shoma kana kukumbira kuti vabatsirwe rubatsiro rwekuzvipira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo nhamba huru yevanhu inoshanda pamwe chete, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuchengetedza mukati me sangano chero ruzivo rwekuvanzika. Hazvibviri kuve nechokwadi kuti vose vanotora mitezo iyi havanzwisisi pfungwa dzake, inokosha insider information. Ndokusaka mapurogiramu akawanda ane ruzivo rwekuwana mahwendefa evashandisi uye zvose zvirongwa zveprojekiti zviripo kunyange kune avo vasingatori mariri.

Crowdsourcing: Nyaya dzinofadza

Chimwe chezviito zvakakurumbira zvevanhu vakawanda muRussia ndiyo nzira yekusarudza zviratidzo zveZvino Olimpiki muSochi muna 2014. Vanyori, vakagadziri uye zvipikisa zvakapiwa mifananidzo yakawanda inonakidza yaifanira kukwikwidza mazita eOlympic mascots. Pakuguma, vatatu vacho vakunda: Snow Leopard, Hare uye White Bear.

Nzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzeRussia dzekutsvaga vadzidzisi vemitambo, vadzidzisi, vadzidzisi vemimhanzi uye vadzidzisi ndeimwe chirongwa chinokosha mune zvekugarisana kwevanhu vakawanda. Dzimwe nguva teknolojia iyi inomuka zvakakwana. Saka, vashandisi ve "Yandex-makadhi" vakauya nechiziviso chevatenzi vemotokari pamusoro pemamiriro emigwagwa yenyika.

Zvakaitika kune dzimwe nyika

Kwete kare kare kuUnitedral public interactive platform yakagadzirirwa vashandi kuti vanyore pakarepo zviito zvekuparadza mumigwagwa yeguta, uyewo matambudziko ehupfumi nehupfumi hwemunharaunda uye zvipfeko zvekushambidzika kwevhu.

"Wikipedia" imwezve yeInternet project yakachinja nyika ino kuti ive nani. Zvechokwadi, iyi yeruzivo haisi yakatendeseka sezvatingadi, nokuti chero mupi wega anogona kugadzirisa pachake.

Ikambani inoshandiswa inofambisa inobva kuNetherlands IKEA inopa gwaro rekuunganidza vanhu gore negore. Vana vanogona kuuya nechinangwa chakasiyana-siyana chekucheka kwekaseti uye zvigadzirwa zvakanakisisa zvichazadzika nenzira yezvakagadzirwa zveKEA.

Bhizinesi risina purogiramu muRussian Federation

Imwe mienzaniso yakanakisisa yevanhu vasingaiti purogiramu muRussia inzvimbo yeIndaneti yehutano hwevanhu, apo vanhu vanogona kurongedza ivo pachavo kuedza kuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu munyika yedu, uyewo kutora chikamu muongororo, votora nokuda kwekutanga kwevamwe vagari vemo. Pachinzvimbo chimwe chete pane imwe nhamba ye "Vadzidzisi vevanhu". Vanhu vane chikwata ichi vanowana mavhoti akawanda emagariro avo anotsanangurwa. Izvo zviito, zvakare, zvinopfuurirwa kuvashandi vari mumakambani akasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinoita kuti purojekiti iite.