Chii chiri motokari: chati uye tsananguro

Kune vatyairi avo kutyaira motokari dzavo, asi havana kuziva zviri mumotokari. Pamwe hazvisi zvakakodzera kuziva zvose nezvehukorokodzwa zvakaoma nokushanda mashandiro, asi huru vachiri kuda kuzivikanwa kuti vose. Shure zvose, izvi kungaenderana upenyu zvose mutyairi uye vamwe vanhu. At paro, munhu nyore chimiro muchina rine zvikamu zvitatu:

• injini;
• chassis;
• Muviri.

Munyaya ino tichakurukurei muudzame chii zvikamu ndiyo motokari uye sei kukanganisa mashandiro ari motokari rose.

Chii chiri motokari: anorimwa

motokari mudziyo ndeiyi.

Kazhinji mashoko michina vari paanoiswa womukati combustion injini. Sezvo vasiri vakakwana, vakanga uye vari yakataurwa nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa injini matsva. Somuenzaniso, munguva pfupi yapfuura akapa motokari pamwe dzemagetsi Motors, inova zvakakwana kubhadharisa senguva nehoro. Most yakakurumbira yaiva yemagetsi motokari "Tesla". Zvisinei, mumwe mukuru kuwanda michina iyi, Chokwadi, kusvikira pakutanga kutaura.

The chassis, akavapindurawo, chinosanganisira:

• hutachiwana kana simba hutachiwana;
• chassis;
• The motokari kuzvidzora mashandiro.

The muviri rakagadzirirwa kutakura vanhu vari mumotokari uye takasununguka kufamba. The Mhando chikuru muviri zvevakomana ndiwo:

• Sedan;
• hatchback;
• convertible;
• ngoro;
• Limousine;
• uye vamwe.

Ice: Types

Chero munhu anonzwisisa kuti kukundikana ari injini kunogona kuva nengozi kuti utano hwevanhu uye upenyu. Naizvozvo zvakakosha kuziva zviri injini motokari.

In shanduro kubva muLatin zvinoreva injini "kutyaira". The muchina uri mudziyo pasi payo, izvo rakagadzirirwa kutendeutsa chimiro rimwe simba kupinda zvokuimba.

Internal combustion injini kuuya munzira dzakawanda:

• peturu;
• Diesel;
• gasi.

Most kushandisa peturu uye Diesel dzakasiyana.

Muchiitiko chokutanga, sezvo zita rinoreva, chinotsva ndiyo peturu. Mushure achipfuura chaiwo ezvinhu, izvozvo anopinda yaunodya zhinji kana carburetor. Ipapo atomized muvhenganiswa kuitika zvacho kare mhepo anopinda sepombi, ivo pistons iri compressed uye abatidzwa sesasaradzi kubva chimvari plugs.

Petrol injini vari peturu uye injector mhando. Chokutanga zvinenge kwete kushandiswa. The jekiseni nyika michini vari, akavapindurawo, zvemaziso (izvo kushandisa zvemaziso levers somunhu dispenser kugona kuchinja Pamusana musanganiswa) uye yemagetsi (sezvamakaropafadzwa kugadzirira uye huni jekiseni rinoitwa zvachose kombiyuta - wemagetsi kudzora chikwata). Sezvo injector ari kushanda kunyatsotevera, ayo combustion zvigadzirwa zvishoma inokuvadza ichienzaniswa peturu.

Nokuti Diesel inoshandisa chaiyo Diesel mafuta. injini ichi haana kuvesa hurongwa kana chinotsva kunovhengana anopinda humburumbira, yozodzokera kumusoro pacharo nokuda kutonhora uye kumanikidza yakakwirira zviratidzi vakagamuchira yakafanira pisitoni.

Gas injini kushandisa liquefied, compressed gasi jenareta. chinotsva Izvi inochengetwa sepombi apo unotipotsei yokuderedza kuburikidza evaporator uye nokudaro anorasikirwa kuvafurira. Uyezve muitiro zvakafanana jekiseni injini. Dzimwe nguva, kunyange zvazvo zvakadaro, evaporator haushandi.

motokari basa

, Kubva zviri kunzwisisa zviri nani kushanda nheyo, zvinokosha kuti kubva nezvokuzadziswa injini motokari.

Dzimba chinhu humburumbira nechigumbuso. Inside nayo pane hova, inotonhodza uye kugonyesa injini.

The pisitoni - haasi mumwe kunze mukaha esimbi girazi, kumusoro izvo paburi zvindori.

The pisitoni zvindori dziri nechepasi, yepasi, uye pamusoro - compression. Ekupedzisira zvinopa compression zvakanaka uye compression dzedenga-mafuta nezvakasanganiswa. Ivo anoshandiswa kuti vabudirire tightness ari combustion yokumusoro, uyewo zvisimbiso kurambidza ingress kuti mafuta.

Crank mashandiro ndiye anokonzera reciprocating simba pistons kusvika crankshaft.

Saka, achiziva zviri mumotokari, zvikurukuru, ayo injini, vachanzwisisa pfungwa basa. Chinotsva kutanga anopinda combustion kamuri apo yakavhenganiswa mhepo, chinopa chivhariso (ari peturu uye gasi embodiments) inopa dzomoto, ichitanga musanganiswa, kana musanganiswa pachayo dzakaparira (Diesel musimboti) pasi zvinoitwa kufurirwa uye tembiricha. Akaumba magasi kumanikidza pisitoni kufamba pasi nepamahofisi crankshaft inofamba, nokuda iyo anotanga tenderera nokupfuuridzirwa, sezvamakaropafadzwa sangano iri kufambiswa pamberi mavhiri undovakira ekisero kana vose kamwe, zvichienderana tikachirega. Papera chinguva kubatwa uye chine motokari vhiri. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

kufamba

Takawana zviri motokari, uye tinoziva kuti ari chassis kunosanganisira powertrain, chassis nokudzorana mashandiro.

Kupfuudzwa zvinhu ndedzinotevera:

• kufamba;
• batira;
• zvepuraimari uye driveline;
• differential;
• driveshafts.

Job kufamba zvikamu

The batira zvinoshanda kuti uncouple nokupfuuridzirwa (gearbox) pamusoro injini, uye ipapo zvakanaka unobatanidza navo kana kuchinja uye kutamira kure.

CP anochinja torque chinopfuudzwa kubva crankshaft kusvika hwindimiri. CP chikwata disconnects kubatana pamwe injini nemotokari mutsetse kusvikira anodiwa kutyaira zvisizvo.

The chikuru kushanda driveline ndiko wokushandura torque kubva gearbox kusvikira huru giya akasiyana pamakona.

The chikuru basa huru kutapurirana ndiyo kuchinjwa torque pa necheparutivi pakati mapfumbamwe madhigirii kubva hwindimiri nomubato kubudikidza differential kusvika nemotokari miseve huru mavhiri.

Differential rotates kuti nemotokari mavhiri pamwero yakasiyana panguva cornering uye gogonera nomunzvimbo dzine.

chassis

Chassis motokari rine puranga, kumberi uye neshure zvokubatisa, unobatanidza kuti furemu kubudikidza kuturika. In motokari dzakawanda ano ndiyo monocoque puranga. Zvinhu chii chinoumba ari kumisa mumotokari, zvinotevera:

• inamatsime;
• humburumbira chitubu;
• kugwinha absorbers;
• pneumatic sepombi.

utungamiriri urongwa

mano aya panofanira kuva gozvo gadziriro, riri chokuita pamberi vhiri gozvo giya uye mabhureki. motokari Most ano dzinoshandiswa pasi-bhodhi makombiyuta, pachavo nokudzora utariri, mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye kunyange iyo kuzozivisa kuchinja sezvinodiwa.

Tinoona pano kuti inokosha yakadai chikamu sezvo kuti iro motokari unotora vhiri. Pasina izvozvo, motokari nyore haana kutora nzvimbo. Zvirokwazvo uyu ndiye mumwe mukuru zvigadzirwa pano rinoumbwa yenhengo zviviri: matayi rabha, inova chubhu uye tubeless, uye Disc nesimbi.

muviri

In motokari dzakawanda nhasi, muviri mutakuri chine munhu masero chokuita ne nomoto. nhasi muviri zviri siyana chaizvo. Kazhinji vaiona up mhando, umwe maviri, matatu uye dzimwe nguva kunyange misara mina zvigaro. Dai ngavabude chikamu kana kunyange padenga. Saka Zvakaoma kana munyoro.

Kana denga yabviswa mukati, kuti muviri You.

Fully bvisika nyoro pamusoro ichichinja kuita convertible.

Kana iye asina nyoro uye zvakaoma, ndiko convertible hardtop.

On the ngoro, akafanana Sedan, pane zvimwe kuwedzera penhumbi mupanda, unova pakuva.

A motokari zvichaita nechekare kubva ngoro apo rwemberi masuo uye mahwindo pakugadzira.

Kana mutoro pachikuva shure mberi muviri akadana pamotokari.

Coupe - a-musuo maviri Coupe.

The chete, asi ane munyoro pamusoro roadster inonzi.

Magetsi kuzovs tailgate shure inonzi combi.

Limousine - up mhando pamwe yakaoma bulkhead shure zvigaro zvepamberi.

Kubva nyaya takazoziva zviri mumotokari. Inokosha inogutsa mashandiro vose zvinoriumba, uye zvinonzwisiswa uye ainzwa, kana pane akakodzera ruzivo nani.