Chii differential kwepfungwa?

Differential zvepfungwa - zviri chikamu nesayenzi runotaura kuziviswa uye kudzidza mupfungwa kusiyana somunhu uye imwe boka revanhu. Kazhinji, kuferefeta chinotaura pamusoro mupfungwa nokuratidzwa vanhu enzvimbo akasiyana zera, madzinza uye magariro mapoka.

Kunyange zvazvo differential zvepfungwa sezvo yakazvimirira sayenzi yakanga dzinounzwa Hakasi, zvinokosha chaizvo. Kokutanga kwakadaro izwi raishandiswa muna 1900, apo Stern vakatanga pfungwa kuti rinorondedzera uye anotsanangura musiyano pakati vanhu uye mapoka.

Bazi iri sayenzi akaisa pacharo mabasa makuru maviri. Chekutanga, mukufamba masayendisiti ari kuedza kuziva mumwe misiyano tsvakurudzo. Chechipiri, pamberi vanachiremba vanotarisana basa kutsanangura nei zvaitika, uye mavambo.

Differential zvepfungwa uye basa Francis Galton. Zvatakurukura basa musayendisiti, unogona kunzwisisa zvimwe zvinhu differential zvepfungwa. Panguva kuedza ake, vakawanda vanachiremba, vaida kudzidza mukuru unhu vanhu. Panguva iyoyowo, Galton aifarira nomumwe zvechadenga mumwe munhu uye mukana yedzinza ravo. Zvaive munguva iyi kwakamuka nemaonero kuti mupfungwa uye mumuviri mano, tarenda, uye vamwe vasiri mureza nemano munhu ari inoparadzirwa majini nehama.

Ndokusaka vainyatsoongorora varwere ake, zvose zvepfungwa uye vasiri achitandadza maonero. Somuenzaniso, anoyera nenhanho tsandanyama matauriro, vakatsunga yokumusoro chikumbaridzozve kunzwa wanda, etc. Zvadaro, muedzo chaiwo dzakabudirira - nyaya akakumbirwa kusika mumwe mufananidzo mupfungwa, uye ipapo hwakadzama kutsanangura zvose zvinhu. Galton akadzidzawo zvimwe nomumwe unhu mufananidzo, uyewo kuenzanisa migumisiro kuedza dzepedyo, dzakadai Pakusarudza padanho zvakafanana. mifananidzo kubva kuhama nehanzvadzi.

Yaiva nguva yokutanga akatuma succinct remibvunzo kune masayendisiti ose England, kuona pamwero wavo njere uye kuziva zvinoitwa mafungiro.

Differential zvepfungwa uye nzira kwayo. Sezvo neimwe sainzi, masayendisiti kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvokutsvakurudza nzira. Vanogona kukamurwa kuva akasiyana.

Kana tikatora kupinda nezverusununguko mhando rinoshandiswa kuedza ruzivo, tinogona kusiyanisa:

• Introspective nzira - migumisiro dzinobva Data evasingatombonamati kuzviitira ruzivo;
• Ekstraspektivnye nzira - vanoshandisa evasingatombonamati vavariro zvabuda kuti kuyerwa zvakarurama;

Rine zvarinoreva uye kushanda basa iri chinhu pasi kudzidza:

• Observation - kungotarisa nzira kuferefeta;
• Experiment - zvakanaka vakafunga panze uye rinoita nzira;

It inorangarira padanho generality. Panyaya iyi, nzira dziri akakamurwa:

• Idiographic - Kusimbisa chete chinhu, ayo zvepfungwa uye psychographics;
• Nomothetic - kutungamirirwa vakawanda mashoko;

Izvi tsvakurudzo nzira dzakashandiswa nesayenzi zvepfungwa mune chero kudzidza.

Uyezve, vaibvuma conditionally vagovere nzira differential kwepfungwa:

• mukuru sainzi;
• wenhoroondo;
• mupfungwa;
• psychogenetic;

Chokwadi, differential zvepfungwa ane matambudziko aro. Somuenzaniso, kana vamwe zvikuru munhu zvechokwadi nomumwe, kana chaizvo kashoma, mumwe mutsvakurudzi kubva ake nemaonero kashoma kuti kukwanisa kuzvinzwisisa.

Pari, weDhipatimendi Psychology panguva padariro nokukurumidza kukura. Pashure pezvose, tiri kudzidza vanhu sei zvakasiyana, vamiririri dzakasiyana nevanhukadzi, marudzi, makirasi, mazera, etc. Uyezve, kufungisisa-siyana uye ukama pakati zvidzidzo. Izvi zvose unoitisa mukana yakakura itsva matongo, kutsvakurudza uye kugadzira nzira kubvisa matambudziko nepfungwa.