Chii hydrosphere

Chii hydrosphere (mvura kana goko) panyika? Izwi iri rinonzi Geospheres mumwe yedu, inova akaita inoti zvose H ₂ O - zvikukutu, mvura uye gasi yaiva munyika.

Bhuku mvura vaivapo redu iri nhamba huru - zvinopfuura hafu bhiriyoni cubic makiromita. Ava, cheshumba mugove (makumi mapfumbamwe namatanhatu muzana) Nhoroondo kuti munyu mvura munyanza. Danda mazitombo echando uye pamusoro yakachena mvura nyaya maviri muzana, uye vashoma (chikamu chimwe muzana) - kuti mwando huri mumhepo semvura mhute (dzinongoitika makore uye mwando).

Kuti kwazvo kunzwisisa hydrosphere, uye chii chiri kukanganisa kwayo pamusoro hwevanhu, vanofanira kuongorora muudzame kwemasayendisiti kuitika munyika (pakutanga, mamiriro okunze), pazviri chikamu. Chokutanga, kuti mvura anokwanisa "kuunganidza" kudziya. Ndokusaka okunze nzvimbo yakabatana mumakungwa, nyanza, kana reservoirs kungoti guru, une dzimwe kusiyana kubva okunze kwenzvimbo, avete mukati kondinendi nenguva Latitude. Pane Dzidziso "zvomumvura ezvinhu", "Continental okunze". Large pavazhinjisa mvura neshungu panguva inodziya mwaka, yozononokera kupa vaunganidza kupisa, saka kuti chando pamusoro pemhenderekedzo Continental manyoro zvikuru. Asiwo, pashure yechando ostyvshaya mvura inoita zhizha unotonhorera.

Kuwedzera mubvunzo zvakataurwa hydrosphere, musoro uchanamatira kune inonzi cryosphere, kana "munda kwechando" - muchiGiriki. Cryosphere - ndiko kuti chikamu hydrosphere, iro rine mvura sezvo yakasimba. Unosanganisira kwete chete mazitombo echando (gomo kana pemvura), asi chando pakavha pamwaka chando chifukidziro reservoirs, uyewo permafrost. Nokudaro cryosphere haina miganhu zvakajeka, uye ayo nzvimbo uye nzvimbo zvinosiyana yakati panguva dzakasiyana.

The mvura Kamudzira maererano nyanzvi dzakawanda, akaberekwa unofa upenyu. Saka zvinokosha kuti isu hydrosphere. sezvamunoita Its nechivako munhoroondo munguva kwave kuchiita zvimwe zvachinja. Izvi zvinosanganisira nokufamba ari pasi pamwero, kuwedzera uye vanowira wegungwa, mamiriro okunze aridity uye gumidizatsiya munzvimbo huru. Kare izvozvo chikasimbiswa kuti ufanane kweGungwa reCaspian kuMiddle Ages akanga kudzika zvikuru kupfuura chipo, uye pamusoro payo paiva zvitsuwa zvakawanda. Pane imwe muzvitsuwa izvi ndakaona rufu rwake matongo Shah Genghis Khan pamusoro Khorezm. Chiitiko ichi wakanyorwa yaMakoronike.

Asi kwete chete mvura goko Nyika zvakunoita upenyu muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri omunhu yakatanga, uye kuwedzera kuwedzera neizvi rikurumidze. Human nezvainoita hydrosphere hakusi bedzi pakusvibiswa pasi kana yomugungwa mvura. mabasa Economic vanhu kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti avhareji tembiricha yedu zvishoma hwakawedzera, izvo zvakazoita kuti thawing pamusoro mazitombo echando. The Snows pamusoro Kilimanjaro, akapa zita usingafi basa Hemingway, muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri vakafirwa masere nemaviri (!) Muzana nzvimbo, uye izvi mberi. Zvinonzi kuramba kurasikirwa wawo uye Mont Blanc (mu French - White Mountain).

Saka, chii chiri hydrosphere, ayo akafanana uye kukanganisa munhu, isu zvakawanda kana zvishoma arongwe kunze. The mubvunzo unoramba - Ko mabasa evanhu nezvakwakaipira kuti hydrosphere? Zvimwe, zvechokwadi, akakodzera Hollywood njodzi mafirimu, umo vose mazizaya kunyunguduka nyika akafuka rakakura munyanza? Nyanzvi Most regai kukurumidza kukwira ane mhinduro chaicho, tichifunga kuti chisarudzo chokupedzisira iri duku mashoko. Nokufamba munzira avhareji tembiricha pagore kunge zvaiitikawo kare, kukonzera chando mazera uye thaws. With mabasa evanhu Chokwadi, havana hachigoni chokuita. Ungangove, kwemasayendisiti kuitika mumuviri yedu uye ayo chaidzo kunge akadzidza zvakakwana. Chii zviri kuitika - kupindura mubvunzo uyu, masayendisiti kushanda panguva mharadzano sciences - zvemaumbirwo, nezvenyeredzi, meteorology uye ikoroji. Uye zvichida nokukurumidza.