Yendarama makore kwamachinda - zita rokutonga Catherine ari 2nd

Ekaterina Velikaya Mutemo Russian Empire kwemakore 34. Panguva yake yokutonga, yekudyidzana vakawedzera nzvimbo uye vanogara munyika. In vatorwa mutemo, zvakakomba mberi kwaitwa. Russia akawana mamwe uremu uye simba munyaya dzenyika, kusanganisira pachinhu nyika dzokuEurope. Asi chinonyanya unoshamisa kuchiitwa nguva iyi yaiva nemasimba ari kwamachinda kuti sanzwisisika miganhu. Nyaya zvakaoma kuwana yakafanana muenzaniso vepamusoro, vane ropafadzo risingaperi dzakadaro. Catherine 2 Board akadana yendarama makore kwamachinda.

Accession pachigaro

Nzira korona yeRussia rainetesa chaizvo ramangwana Empress. Catherine akauya simba ari mumuzinda nevapanduki vari akaoma uye zvakaoma ezvinhu. Murume wake, Peter Third akanga muduku anogona vachiita ehurumende uye semupi chigumburiso munzira kuenda pachigaro. Pashure ake asinganzwisisiki rufu Ekaterina nekutsvaga simba mumaoko ake. Asi, maererano zvidzidzo, zvakanga nomutorwa vamoyo, honzeri mu kupondwa wake. Nzvimbo Empress airatidzika shaky uye kuvimbika. Huru rutsigiro uye kudzivirira yakava nevapanduki dare nemagadhi. Kudikanwa vawane rutsigiro weuto vepamusoro Catherine rinorondedzerwa gwara pachinhu yose kwamachinda.

vakambovhenekerwa umambo

The Empress ndaverenga mabasa Voltaire uye aiziva European worupo pfungwa. Aitenda kuti mutemo anonzwisisa, inoshanda vatevedzere mutemo uye hanya nyaya dzidzo kungaita hurumende kuti kubudirira uye zvakanaka. Pfungwa chinoziva umambo presupposed pakuchengetedza wenhaka yezvinhu, simba huru vari machinda. Uyewo, regai nechokwadi Mhedziso nesimba mambo.

Akatakurirwa misimboti French Kujekerwa, Catherine akaziva sei kure navo chinhu chaicho Russian Empire. Kana vaida chechetere pamusoro evanhu kuzvipokanidza munharaunda, iye akamanikidzwa kuita nokuda mukirasi, iro kwaienderana simba rayo. Ndokusaka yendarama makore kwamachinda rakasvika yaitonga Catherine. Palace Guard aiva enyika rakakura simba, dzimwe nguva sarudzo dzinoitwa, uyo pachigaro choushe.

Kuchinja nzvimbo kwamachinda

The chinokosha ukama mambo namakurukota yaiva muchiuto mukutsinhana vaiva Estates. Act sezvo mumiririri anokudzwa kirasi kuna Kesari vakanga akafanana zvakasikwa kuti kuvimba ari feudal serf. Kusvikira panguva Petra Velikogo, zvichibatanidzwa basa rakatanga makore 15 uye akanga rakapotsa kwoupenyu hwose. Jinda haana kodzero yokusarudza pakati muchiuto uye vasiri varwi nemabasa.

Zvishoma nezvishoma pane kuparadzwa mazano aya ekare. Muitiro vachisimudza pavo rikanzwikwa kweMuroori kana bhodhi akauya Catherine 2. The Golden Age of kwamachinda akateya nheyo yokutanga zvizere vakasununguka uye yakazvimirira paiva munzanga Russia.

Change afa Petra Velikogo

Nzendo mumutemo kwave Akave nokuvandudza, anoita mamiriro ezvinhu feudal kirasi vachiri yamunenge uye zvinobatsira. Machinda vaibvumirwa vanomboenda kusiya mabasa ake kuti hurumende uye kudzoka chivako pachake mafambisirwo zvoupfumi zvenyika. Mumwe wevanakomana vake mhuri dzose anokudzwa zvakanaka kwete kuita basa uye vakaita zvizere kugadzirisa nyaya chokuita wemunda. Zera vamiririri feudal Estates akatanga kuzadzika basa rake kuna mambo, yakawedzera kubva 15 kusvika 20 makore. The avakuru vakapiwa kusarudza pakati hondo uye muhurumende. It hwakasimbiswa chete nekodzero kwamachinda kunyika uye serfs. Paiva nomukana pamudyandigere pashure pemakore 25 ebasa.

Manifesto Petro III

Anoona zvakanaka Catherine akatsvaka kutsvaga kutsigirwa kwamachinda asati accession chake choumambo. Aigona akanyatsorevesa kubata achitonga naye, uye iye akasaina Manifesto hwokubvisa rokumanikidzirwa rinoitirwa kuti nhengo feudal kirasi pasi nawo. Catherine akadzokororazve pfungwa huru dzehurukuro Gwaro rino, mwedzi mishoma kugadzwa kwake. Yendarama makore kwamachinda rinonzi yaitonga ane pamwe kuziviswa madiro kuti haana kufanana kare. Zvisinei, kuvimba ari feudal matunhu ari rupo uye ngoni imwe autocrat kwakaramba kwakasimba.

upfumi mamiriro ezvinhu

Empress rinoziviswa kusavapo kudiwa kumanikidza kwamachinda mabasa ehurumende. Mupfungwa dzake, uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye kuvimbika kuna mambo, kuri muna vamiririri mukirasi ichi, isu nechokwadi kwavo yainyoreswa yokuzvidira. Mutsara uyu hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Chikonzero chaicho chaiva kuti kazhinji kupiwa shoma mari uye havana kupa varidzi dzavo yekutenga nemararamiro. Nokuti vazhinji vaikudzwa hofisi ruzhinji aiva chete kumwe.

stratification

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Empress pave vapfume munhu rakamanikana denderedzwa kuvimba ake uye vaaida. Somuenzaniso, varongi yamambo nevapanduki, akazarura nzira yake Russian choushe, vakagamuchira panhengo mazakwatira emari uye nenyika. Nemhaka rupo vamwe anofungidzirwa mambo akava varidzi naka ezvinhu. Yendarama makore kwamachinda rinonzi ushe Catherine Mukuru wacho, asi kwete nhengo dzose dzeboka iri vagamuchira makomborero zvoupfumi munhambo ichi. Vamwe vavo havana serfs. Manifesto kuti madiro havana kukanganisa mamiriro avo emari.

serfs

The Golden Age of Russian kwamachinda aiva marapirwo aro. The zvakanaka pamusoro feudal kirasi kwaibva vakasununguka basa serfs. Pakuwedzera neropafadzo wavakakudzwa aine mutemo wenyika kodzero waakaita tillers. dare nokuti serfs chete aiva muridzi wavo. Aiva nesimba mutongo kuutapwa kuSiberia kana kunyange kwoupenyu hwose zvakaoma. Submit zvichemo kuti muridzi Zvairambidzwa achitogona chamboko. Nzvimbo serfs zvakasiyana zvishoma kubva chaiwo muuranda, kunyange mutemo hazvirevi pachena vanobvuma.

Humanistic vavariro dzakanaka uye chokwadi

Ekaterina Velikaya vaiona kwegadziriro vanhu zvoutsinye mano yakadaro. Iye kakawanda nezvazvo zvichiita nzira tikadzivisa muusungwa. Zvisinei, urongwa izvi kupikisa zvinodiwa vepamusoro. Economic tsime yegoridhe makore kwamachinda rakanga serfdom. Empress nevavariro dzakanaka vakasangana pamwe chinorwadza, uye kumanikidzwa kusiya humanistic pfungwa. vakakwirira rutsigiro chaiva Catherine inonyanya kukoshesa, uye makore ake ushe vakatanga ichatonga zvine mbiri feudalism.

Tsamba bvumidzwa kuti kwamachinda madiro

Muna 1785 nayo yakabudisa gwaro achisimbisa zvose neropafadzo kare kuwana wokura nazvo. Kusunungurwa anokudzwa kirasi yokutanga wakaiswa kubva zvinosungirwa rinoitirwa uye kodzero ayo oga kunyika uye vanhuwo zvavo. Uyezve, imwe knighthood kubva ikozvino zvigopiwa, uye kurasikirwa kunogona chete nemijenya weSeneti kuti mhosva chakakomba. Ndandanda zvakanakira akawedzera dzisashande yokuvhota. Judge Jinda aigona chete kuenzana pakuzvarwa. It unorambidza kushandiswa koporo anoranga vamiririri kwamachinda, uye kuti torera matunhu yavo. Vaiva nekodzero tokumbira kana zvichemo zvakananga wamambo. Machinda vaibvumirwa kuenda kunze kwenyika, uye kunyange kupinda basa yokumwe mambo.

Administration vakuru

Zvakakodzera kusimbisa pakusuma vomunharaunda kuzvitonga. In yendarama zera Russian kwamachinda zvinenge zvose machinda vari mumaruwa uye maguta akasarudzwa vakagadzwa kubva mukirasi iyi kana. The vakakwirira muRussia Wakazova namahwindo repamutemo, vasave navamwe vanhu.

zvokudya kunze kwenyika

Yendarama makore kwamachinda rakaenderana akapararira kuwedzera zviyo nechingwa mitengo. Russian mubasa hurongwa reEurope pamusika runonyanya mune zvokudya. Export chingwa rava kunobatsira chaizvo basa. Izvi zvakakurudzira landlords kuwedzera acreage uye kusimbisa basa vanoparadza serfs kuti vawane mamwe zveminda. Mamiriro oupfumi vakabatsira kuti kuenderera yendarama makore kwamachinda.

End enguva

Pakafa Catherine Guru akasvika choumambo, Paul, iye aiva ukama yakaoma naye ave nokuda kupondwa baba vake Peter III. Akaedza muganhu runopiwa kwamachinda madiro uye neropafadzo. Yendarama makore kwamachinda haisi pamusoro asi, asi ayo nhamba yakanga kare shure. akanga apa Mukuedza kuita izvi kirasi ikure ari autocracy Catherine naye se- ropafadzo uye akava enyika chakakomba simba.