Chii ndiwo pabonde kubereka (Biology, Grade 8)

Chii ndiwo pabonde kubereka, uye chii ayo zvakanakira? Mubvunzo uyu refu yave ichifarirwa masayendisiti akawanda, sezvo kubereka ezvinhu zvipenyu dzavo mhando chinhu chinodiwa kuti upenyu Panyika.

Chii kubereka

Musimboti izvi iri kubereka dzavo mhando. Uye mubvunzo pano haisi pamusoro ruvara meso kana bvudzi mamiriro. Zvakakosha kuti muviri, izvo chete chakavapo mune imwe nzvimbo, unogona kurarama mairi. Zvinogona chete kupa zvakananga STRUCTURAL zviri zvirimwa, nhaka kubva kumadzitateguru. Zvingadai kwekurwadziwa zvose, somurume-amphibian kubva chete firimu.

Utachiona rutoto Nzira

Pane dzinokosha misiyano pakati asexual uye zvepabonde kubereka? Ndizvozvo. Muchiitiko chokutanga, kwete chinhano gametes, yechipiri zvavo pamberi kunokosha. Pane nzira zhinji asexual kubereka. Nyore kwavari - ndiyo weboka huviri masero. Saka rora mabhakitiriya, chimwe-celled mhuka uye algae. For Plasmodium falciparum dzinoratidzwa uzhinji weboka rimwe mubereki masero vakaumba emapoka subsidiaries umo pakarepo. Nokuda mano masero kuti zviparadzanise, kugadzirisa ukama nyama uye nhengo, uye mhuka dzakawanda vanokwanisa nokukurumidza patsva. Somuenzaniso, Freshwater hydra, inova mumiririri mhando Coelenterates, anogona kupora kubva 1/200 muzvikamu.

Muviri uyu Anowanza kubudikidza yotunga. Panyaya iyi, muviri akatanga kuumbwa pamusoro protrusion kuti inokura, rinobvisa pamusoro zvaiva rwaamai Muviri, uye ipapo rinotsemuka kure uye anotanga chinozvimirira.

All akanakidzwa chikafu nembiriso. Saka, kuwedzera zvavo nhamba - haasi chinhu asi muitiro yotunga notumwe.

Zvirimwa vanokwanisa vegetative kubereka. Nzira iyi ndiyo vaparadzane kubva yose Muviri zvipuka zvine masero akawanda chikamu. In violets nokuti ichi chinangwa, mashizha, mbatatisi - dzakachinjwa nhungirwa pevhu (tubers), Grapes - cheka.

Chii ndiwo pabonde kubereka

Izvi zvinoitika chete kunobatanidza gametes - masero kushandiswa dzokubereka: Varume - dzisingaoneki, uye vakadzi - mazai. Ivo ane mashoko avo majini nuclei zviri DNA mamorekuru.

Musimboti nedanho dzepabonde kubereka ndiko recombination izvi zvinhu. Uye haugari vanoda gametes. Saka, ciliates shangu anouya conjugation. Nokudaro muviri maviri pedyo pamwe chete uye pakati pavo iri vakaumba cytoplasmic zambuko, iro musimboti Exchange zviri zvavo.

Zvakanakira pabonde kubereka

Nokuda recombination majini - zvikamu DNA molecules - muviri anogona kuwana zvitsva uye anobatsira zvimwe. The chikuru kukosha pabonde kubereka mairi. Mushure fission masero rwaamai dzaiumbwa kopi yaro chaiwo. Mumwe yaiva chete hapana kutora. Kana mamiriro zvemhoteredzo kushandura, zvinenge kwakadaro havakwanisi kuchinja, izvo vaizongoguma kutungamirira kukuparadzwa kwavo uye zvinoderedza mhando kusiyana zvavo.

New zvinhu zviri aumba chete nokuchinja majini zvinhu. Ipapo inogona nhaka uye yakasimbiswa pazvinhu zvinoverengeka nezvizvarwa.

Sexual kubereka mune miti nemhuka

Chii ndiwo pabonde kubereka zvinomera, unogona kufunga muenzaniso Fern, inova chikuru spore miti. On yepazasi divi rayo egirini dzakura chaiyo maumbirwo - sori. Ndivo pamakakatanwa - masero ose asexual kubereka. Kuwana paivhu nyoro, imere, pova minyoro diki. Zvinowanisa mazai uye dzisingaoneki, batanidza vaviri vaviri, kukonzera vachiwaridza itsva chirimwa. Nokuti pane alternation zvepabonde chizvarwa - the gametophyte uye asexual - sporophyte.

In maruva miti, iro rokubereka kubereka inoshandiswa nokuda ruva. In ake vakasimba hadzi gamete pistil, stamen uye anther - varume. Somugumisiro pakusangana kuumbwa mbeu mudumbu. Ramangwana, budiriro uye dziviriro ine guru nhamba Reserve zvinhu, muchero manune kana Rakaunyana deko.

Mhuka dzinewo kushandiswa masero uye nhengo iyo dziri - shwanu. The vamiririri umambo uhwu pane mhando dzakawanda wekusangana. Kana chokunze Fusion pamusoro gametes kunoitika kunze hadzi muviri sezvo hove kana amphibians, kana hadzi mazai mumvura uye yaro achidira varume urume. Sei mazai vazhinji? Ndiwo zvipenyu nomazviri nekuchengeta nhamba akura vemo nokuti masero kudzivirirwa, uye vakawanda vavo vadye nezvikara. Kana munyika muchangosangana muviri ramangwana imwe nguva iri muviri ramai. Naizvozvo, nhamba mazai vanokwanisa wekusangana, hazvina kudaro hunoshamisa.

Kuti ndiwo pabonde kubereka, umo kune akasiyana itsva zvinomera uye mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, uyewo nokuda iyo inova zvinogoneka pakusika chemasanganiswa uye yakaumbwa zvinenge.