Chii noosphere? Dzidziso Vernadsky wacho noosphere

Dzidziso noosphere rinobatanidza zvakawanda paradigms inoita hadziwirirani anoranga: uzivi, zvoupfumi, zvemaumbirwo. Chii chakasiyana pfungwa iyi?

Nyaya rokuti

Ndizvo noosphere, kutanga vakaudza nyika mumabhuku ake French yemasvomhu Eduard Lerua muna 1927. Mumakore mashomanana asati vakapinda hurukuro anoverengeka Russian musayendisiti kunoshamisa Vladimira Ivanovicha Vernadskogo, pamusoro zvinetso geochemistry (uye biogeochemistry). Noosphere - rinokosha mamiriro biosphere, umo basa rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne pfungwa dzevanhu. Munhu kushandisa pfungwa, pave "hunhu kechipiri" kuwedzera chaivapo.

Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo ndiko pacharwo hweunhu. Naizvozvo, noosphere - achiri mugumisiro shanduka kuitika maererano zvinotevera ngetani kukura nyika - the biosphere - nechitarisiko munhu - uye, pakupedzisira, kuti chidzoke yacho noosphere. Panguva iyoyowo, pfungwa pamusoro Vernadsky, vaongorori vanoti hapana mhinduro yakajeka yomubvunzo wokuti: "The noosphere uchitova, kana zvichaita chete kuoneka?" Musayendisiti panguva iyoyo yakati kuti panguva apo inova akura muzukurukadzi, pfungwa dzevanhu uye ayo okugadzira zvinhu chinowanzoitika maruva zvinoratidza pachavo zvakazara. Uye zvingava isina kunanga chinoratidza chidzoke yacho noosphere.

Vernadsky maonero

Dzidziso Vernadsky wacho noosphere, sezvo masayendisiti anodavira, kwakakonzerwa kunyatsoreva nzvimbo "shanduka" apo biosphere anova noosphere. Vladimir Ivanovich, mubhuku rake "Scientific Ndaifunga somunhu Planetary chakajairika," anonyora kuti kuchinja kubva biosphere kupinda noosphere zvinogoneka kana izvi zvinokonzerwa nepfungwa nesayenzi.

Mukuwedzera, vatsvakurudzi cherechedza, Vernadsky akataura mamiriro dzinoverengeka pakuonekwa noosphere. Pakati pavo, somuenzaniso, izere kugarwa nevanhu panyika (uye kwete kungoita kuramba iyi, nzvimbo nokuda biosphere). Ndicho kuvandudzika ari kukurukurirana uye ruzivo Exchange pakati vanhu kubva kumativi akasiyana-siyana enyika uyewo (ndiro nemhaka Internet kare vane). Noosphere zvingaitika kana zvemaumbirwo paNyika kuchaita zvikuru kuvimba nomumwe pane pamusoro zvisikwa.

vateveri Concept masayendisiti

Masayendisiti nzvimbo yakasiyana, achiziva dzidziso Vernadsky uye vateveri vake kuti noosphere, akasikwa ane pfungwa shoma, kukudziridza dzinokosha postulates Vatsvakurudzi Russian. Maererano AD Ursula, Somuenzaniso, noosphere - ndiyo hurongwa apo tsika pfungwa tsika chokuita ungwaru, vanhu vacharatidza pacharo panyaya kukosha. Muna noosphere kubudikidza Ursula vanhu anorarama maererano zvakasikwa, ari kwadzinoita kwemajoini mubasa shanduka kwacho.

Kana nedzidziso noosphere Vernadsky kunoreva zvaunoda kunyangarika ari biosphere, zvino, sezvataurwa vemagwaro vemazuva ano, pfungwa vanyori nhasi zvinosanganisira pfungwa yokuti noosphere uye biosphere, Ungangove, Rucharamba panguva imwe chete. Mumwe zvichibvira dzekuziva nadzo pamberi noosphere - maererano nyanzvi ano - kungava kuita Pamuganhu emunhu, kufadza nenhanho uvandudze kuti zveupfumi masangano. Pane chinhu inotodiwa chemhando tsika tsika.

Communication noosphere uye munhu

Man uye noosphere inobatanidzwa zvikuru zvakananga. Akafanirwa nemabasa evanhu uye kuisa pfungwa dzake rinowanika noosphere (dzidziso Vernadsky inoti kuti nezvazvo). Pane imwe ichikosha iri kukura zvemaumbirwo panyika. Man, kutanga chaiyo zvakatipoteredza pachavo, achitora chikamu biosphere mashandiro. Vanhu kutsiva wechisikigo, chinhu aripo kare zvakasikwa, chakagadzirwa. Pane mhoteredzo basa rinokosha iri reDare midziyo yemagetsi.

Pane nharaunda nevanhu uyewo kushandisa neKomisheni vanhu pakubhadhara akasiyana michina. Ichokwadi here kuti noosphere - nokure pfungwa dzevanhu? A zvinoverengeka vaongorori vanodavira kuti mabasa evanhu hakuiti kuvimba nokunzwisisa kwake sei nyika inoshanda. Vanhu vanowanzoda kuita, vachiedza, zvikanganiso. Mind, kana iwe kuomerera pfungwa iyi, zvichida kuva chinhu mukuvandudza unyanzvi sezvo vakadaro, asi kwete zvimiso inogona kuenderera nezvainoita biosphere kuti kuichinja kupinda noosphere.

Anthroposphere uye Technosphere

Dzidziso yacho noosphere nemabasa mamwe masayendisiti hwakada zvakanyatsobatana mamwe maviri mazwi. Kutanga, "anthroposphere". Pfungwa zvinoreva basa uye nzvimbo munhu, uyewo mabasa ayo muchadenga. Anthroposphere - dzakaunganidzwa zvokunyama mabhora woupenyu nyika, nokuti kukura izvo chete munhu anovimbwa. Chechipiri, ndiyo "technosphere". Pane mhirikiro mbiri musimboti rokuti. Chokutanga ndechokuti chiitiko ichi - iri nyaya inokosha anthroposphere dudziro.

Technosphere - chine nzvimbo yevanhu basa, izvo zvinobatanidzwa magadzirirwo. Inogona kuva nyika pachayo, uye nzvimbo. Maererano wechipiri kududzira Technosphere - ndiwo mugove biosphere, izvo dzinosiyana nokuda nedanho kudyidzana kwevanhu. Pane, sezvinei, rimwe boka remasayendisiti avo anoratidza technosphere uye noosphere, uye pane vatsvakurudzi kunzwisisa izvo Technosphere - zvenguva pakati biosphere uye noosphere.

noosphere mafungiro

Pamwe pfungwa "noosphere" ishoko chokuita imwe mhando mafungiro. Akazviratidza nekaupenyu ichangopfuura. Zviri pamusoro kufunga noosphere. Zvinonzi, maererano vamwe vatsvakurudzi, kunoratidzwa akawanda chaizvo zvinhu. Anokosha vavo - refu mwero criticality. Next - dzomunyika setup murume kuvandudza biosphere, kwezvisikwa upfumi, mari iyi. An chinokosha noosphere mafungiro - Zvinokosha paruzhinji pamusoro voga (kunyanya kugadzirisa matambudziko zvesayenzi). chido ichi kugadzirisa kujairika uye kwete kugadziriswa chero basa. Chimwe chezvinonhuwira noosphere mafungiro - chido kunzwisisa musimboti kwemasayendisiti kuti kuitika zvakasikwa uye nzanga.

noosphere dzidzo

Pakati masayendisiti pane maonero kuti kwete munhu wose ari mavari kufunga pamusoro pemhando noosphere. Vanhu vazhinji uye havana kuziva kuti noosphere. Zvisinei, vaongorori vanodavira, murume anogona kudzidziswa unyanzvi kukura ichi mhando mafungiro. Izvi zvinofanira kuitika mukati kuumbwa ari noosphere dzidzo ainzi. Chikuru muupenyu Kudzidziswa anoiswa pamusoro nezvaanogona hwomunhu.

Maererano theorists ari noosphere dzidzo, vanhu vanofanira kudzidza kuti vabatsire kwaita yakanaka zvido, chido nokuti mukuwirirana kwezvakatipoteredza, chido kunzwisisa chinangwa musimboti kwemasayendisiti kuitika munharaunda. Kana zvakanaka chido, sezvo creators enyika pfungwa iyi vatenda vauye mutemo uye chichapedza zvinetso zvemari, vanhu achaita chihombe danho.

Pfungwa Teilhard of Chardin

In bhuku rake "Chiitiko womunhu," musayendisiti French Per Teyyar of Chardin akaisa mberi dzakawanda pfungwa kwouzivi kukanganisa Chiitiko yacho noosphere. Rondedzera navo zvishoma sezvinobvira: vanhu havana chete kuramba-shanduka, asi ayo injini. Maererano Dzidziso yacho musayendisiti, kwainyanya mupfungwa - icho chinoratidza, munhu anogona kuziva pacharo. Dzidziso Teilhard of Chardin uye Vernadsky kwakaita pfungwa anosanganisa pfungwa dzevanhu chitarisiko. masayendisiti Vose vanotenda kuti vanhu vane chaiwo akasiyana nemamwe zvipenyu pamusoro nhandare anozvipira ruzivo unhu. Musiyano mukuru pakati kunzwisisa noosphere maererano Teilhard of Chardin ndechokuti unoshanda nounhu hwakadai so "Superman" uye "nzvimbo."

Kana biosphere adzore kupinda noosphere

Dzidziso noosphere hunonyatsobatana pamwe biosphere. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kuchinja rimwe bhora kune mumwe anogona kutora nzvimbo chaiyo kwadzinoita shanduka. Maererano nevakawanda tsanangudzo biosphere - ndiwo maitiro kuti anopa anokosha ari panyika. It vogara zvipenyu uye mabasa avo sei turnover-siyana zvinhu uye nemakemikari. Nokufamba chaiwo shanduka ari biosphere gadzirira nechepasi kuti chidzoke yebudiriro hwevanhu, vanhu makagamuchira kushandisa zvirimwa, zvicherwa.

Nokufamba kukura, akavapindurawo, budiriro kwevanhu, vawana zvishandiso hwaishandiswa mukana kufurira pamusoro biosphere. Pakati masayendisiti pane shanduro apo izvi haana kukosha - zvinodiwa vanhu hachisi kupfuura 1% kubva zviwanikwa biosphere. Asi nhamba inowedzera dzichiri imbalances: kuti biosphere iri zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa kugona kupa zvose zvakafanira munhu zvachose. Vanhu vari nenguva yatinoona kuti chinhu kuti ndakanga ndisingagoni kupa biosphere pachavo. Zvino uwandu yokugutsikana vachava vakadaro kuti vanhu richaguma kushandisa zviwanikwa biosphere, ipapo pachava noosphere.

Kukosha dzidziso noosphere kuti sayenzi

Dzidziso Vernadsky wacho noosphere zvakakomba chaizvo nedambudziko kutongwa yebudiriro pezvakaitwa vari tsvakurudzo pamusoro Profiles siyana. Kuziva zvinodzidziswa noosphere (kana kanenge kuunza pachangu kunzwisisa Fani iyi), masayendisiti ano vari kurasa chombo unokubvumira kuvaka yemashoko yepasi mune remangwana. Chinhu chakadai aigona Vernadsky chaizvoizvo akafembera chidzoke Indaneti, uye vamwe socio-zvoupfumi kubudirira. Pfungwa yacho noosphere chepakuvamba remakore rechi20, vakapiwa masayendisiti ano kiyi kunzwisisa shanduka. The tanga zviratidzo inonyevera zvichibvira pakuonekwa noosphere Panyika vaitova Paleolithic uye Mesolithic. Kubvira ipapo, basa kwevanhu nechokuita matambudziko pamusoro biosphere, chakawedzera. A kurudziro yakasimba kuti Kushandurwa biosphere noosphere waiva Industrial Revolution muzana remakore rechi19, nhasi muduku nesimba chinokonzera ndiko Internet. Zvinoita kuti vanhu kumirira yakagozha nzira yokukurukurirana rwokugadzira.