Chimwe chezvinhu noshamisa kuedza: tsoko musoro nokuisazve

Mumakore zana apfuura, zvinhu zvizhinji zvokurapa, pakanga kokutanga, kusanganisira transplantation zvomukati. Zvino kutsiva mwoyo, chitaka, kana zvemapapu ariko chaizvo uye nomuzikamwi muitiro. Asi zvinoita ndinobvisa musoro yevanhu? Masayendisiti anoti kuita ichi hachisi kure, nekuti kunyange transplanting musoro Tsoko - wakapfuura pachikuva. Rini uye sei kuitika? Sei kuedza kutanga munharaunda iyi?

musoro nokuisazve matambudziko

All enyika nomuviri titsigire. Ose muviri Sero uye inogona kuenzaniswa hampaat uye rachulis kushanda yose mashandiro. Huru uropi anoshanda kunzwisisa ichi chivako. Zviri chinokosha pfungwa management, basa rinonyanya kukosha mashandiro uye pezvakaitwa zvakadai kufunga, maonero, maitiro uye zvichingodaro. D.

Brain riri dehenya uye musana - ari nomuzongoza. ukama hwavo anotipa mufambo, inotsigira basa miviri, transmits tsinga nomunhu. kukanganisa kwaro inotungamirira kukundikana maoko nemakumbo, kuoma nhengo dzomuviri. Transplantation musoro aizogadzirisa yakawanda nematambudziko vanhu vane kurapwa nemagene nezvirwere kana kukuvara. Asi kana zvichibvira?

Pari, vanachiremba zvakadzidza kusona midziyo ropa, tsandanyama, mapfupa nekurukirwa, asi kunzwisisa zviri splicing tsinga. Zvaimirira mazana pezvakaitwa uye matanda, nerimwe riri basa boka ravo rawo. Kana batanidza zvose zvakaipa "wiring" uropi anonongedzera chichange kugamuchirwa isiri nhengo dzomuviri. Uyezve, pane mukana kuti wakasimwa muviri anogona yokufungisisa musoro sezvo muviri wokumwe uye achaedza kuibvarura.

Yokutanga Kuedza

Kuita kudaro chakakura uye painstaking kushanda zvinoda zvikuru chaiwo uye yakagozha unyanzvi. Pasinei neizvi, pfungwa yacho nokuisazve chakaitika kare kare. Pakutanga mashoko XX remakore nokuisazve vakuru tsoko, makonzo uye imbwa Zvaiitirwa kakawanda. Kokutanga ndakafunga kuedza American Charles Klod Gatri.

Nyaya nokuti kuedza akasarudza imbwa. The kuvhiyiwa kwakaitika May 1908, uye migumisiro yacho dzakabudiswa mubhuku musayendisiti. For Guthrie kuedza musoro mhuka imwe chete, kusona musoro wake muviri wose imbwa.

Saka musayendisiti akasika yokutanga "maviri-vakananga chikara." Procedure havana kupfuura maminitsi makumi maviri. Vasonanidza musoro papi shaya kumusoro. Circulation akatanga mumuviri, vakayambuka zvakabatanidzwa musoro, uye ipapo akauya shure musoro yose wembwa. The mhuka akazviratidza kufamba mhino, rurimi, kwakaratidzwa marwadzo ose vadzidzi, asi nokukurumidza akafa.

kuedza Demikhova

Muna 50-ies yakafanana kuedza akatakurirwa Vladimir Demihov. Wokutanga munyika, iye wakasimwa chiropa, bapu, akasika rakagadzirwa nevanhu mwoyo. Muna 1954 kwaiva nguva yokuti musoro. To yose muviri dzembwa akura musayendisiti anobatana puppies.

Puppies vasara, uye forelimbs. Animal euthanized yokutindivadza, akacheka chipfuva kubvisa zvemapapu uye mwoyo. Zvadaro sutured kune utano chikamu puppy imbwa, unobva midziyo ropa.

Masayendisiti vakaita zvinangwa 20 nokuisazve kushandiswa. bvunzo vaaitonga akararama kusvika pavhiki, uye imwe mbiri akakwanisa kuomerera kwemwedzi. Kusiyana Garty kuedza vane Demikhova imbwa vaipa kuramba anokosha. Aigona kunwa mvura, sei nevamwe uye kunyange kuruma "muvakidzani" ake, kana chinhu vasingaguti.

Monkey musoro nokuisazve

Demikhova kubudirira incredible akafuridzirwa unyanzvi zhinji. baba vake remadunhurirwa rokuti nokuisazve, uye basa rake vakatsva kuzivikanwa kwose. Akatapa hwavo American neurosurgeon Robert Uayt. Muna 1970, pasi noutungamiriri hwake, pakanga kuvhiyiwa ndinobvisa tsoko musoro.

Nokuti kuedza, tinosarudza mhuka, zvakafanana uremu uye nomuviri. muviri Tsoko mushure nokuisazve haana kufamba, asi pfungwa dziri kushanda zvakakwana. Iye wakaziva Rinofembedza, ruzha, uye kuona ikoko. Uchimuka, kuti tsoko zvehasha uye ndikaedza kuruma. Pakutanga kuona, Tsoko musoro nokuisazve akabudirira.

Nokukurumidza rokuzvidzivirira akatanga kuramba musoro wake. Animal rwakatora mazuva mapfumbamwe chete. White akaramba tsvakurudzo ake achitarisira kuti chinja kuti kushanda nevanhu. Kana vakabudirira kuti aigona kuva murwere yefizikisi Stiven Hoking uye mutambi Kristofer Riv. Veruzhinji dzaisafarira pfungwa kwakaita vanhu.

uvandudze of nzira

KuBaton pamwe anotamisa intercepted chete muna 2002, zvishoma kuchinja mabasa. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, kuedza akagadzirirwa kudzidza transplantation pfungwa. Masayendisiti, zvaikosha kuti uone kana zvichibvira kubatanidza musoro kanenge mumwe kuna kweropa hurongwa.

Zvisinei, iye zvino, pakanga mumwe chinangwa pamberi pavo - tsinga. Zvakange zvakafanira kwete chete kuisa musoro, asiwo kuti kumhanya muviri mutsva. The mhinduro akatora Japanese. Kudzivisa nokukurumidza rufu tsinga harinzwi uye kuchengetedza gwenya kushanda remhuka, ivo dzaserera musoro uye bvunzo muviri.

Kuedza zvaiitwa musi makonzo. Vakagura musoro, silicone chubhu rinobatanidza musoro uye muviri midziyo, akabva kune tsinga. Bonding fibers kuenda pasi maikorosikopu, achishandisa polymer kuti ethylene glycol. Zvadaro waakaita nomuzongoza ndiro uye sutured kuti tsandanyama tishu. Animals vaigona kufamba maoko nemakumbo, asi havana kurarama refu.

Kwakaita vanhu

Makore gumi gare gare, mabikirwo akashandiswa kuedza primates. Vachitungamirirwa vokuChina neurosurgeon Xiaoping Ren akatora mumwe Tsoko musoro nokuisazve. Pamberi kuti, tembiricha yake akadonha kuti chiratidzo rworwendo 15. Huta zvinyama chemhuka kukuvaradzwa zvachose, achipa masayendisiti tariro itsva.

Iye vakayemura Chinese Sergio Kanavero. Muna 2013, iye vakazivisa pachena kuti aizoita kuvhiyiwa kwakadaro, asi munhu. Italian chivimbo chokuti munguva pfupi yapfuura ruzivo pamwe Tsoko akasimbisa unoda mushonga danho rakakura kudaro.

Chokwadi, ichi rinoda gadziriro refu. The nzira pachayo ndiyo oparesheni inoda kuvandudzika uye tsika. Pashure kubudirira makonzo aiva zvakawanda. Vakawanda yokutanga "varwere" vakaramba akaremara, apo vamwe nokukurumidza kufa.

Transplanting programmer musoro

Zvino masayendisiti vakabatikana kutsvaka Sponsors uye zvikwata. The oparesheni yainorongwa kuti December 2017. Sergio Kanavero rinoti kuti achatora maawa anenge 36. Uchada anenge zana vanovhiya uye mamiriyoni 12 emadhora.

Zvipire nokuti oparesheni wawanikwa kare. Richava Russian Valery Spiridonov - a programmer kubva muguta Vladimir. Jaya kutambura musana tsandanyama atrophy. Ihosha nemagene, iyo kuzvirega zvichikanganisa basa gumbo tsandanyama, musoro uye mutsipa.

Valery Spiridonov kugara liaises pamwe masayendisiti, kukurukura nezvokuzadziswa kushanda uye mberi nechirongwa. mukana anoziva, asi achitenda kubudirira apererwa kuedza. With ake chirwere vanhu vararame zvishomanana, asi Valery akakwanisa kurarama 30, vanopedza chikoro uye yunivhesiti kuwana basa, zvichida, danho rinotevera kuchaita kubudirira.

Ethics uye vatsoropodzi

Zvinofungidzirwa Head ndinobvisa 2017 kwakamutsa maitiro simba munharaunda. Vavengi pfungwa iyi vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka makuru maviri. First unonetsa chokuita divi nyaya, vamwe chokwadi kuita Wandinyengedzerei ichi, zvinosuwisa, hazviiti.

Vamiriri dzezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana vanotenda kuti kuvhiyiwa ndewokukwikwidzana naMwari. Zviito zvakadaro zvinogona zvakachengeteka kunzi kusikwa muviri mutsva, sezvo iri anozviita Musiki. Mukuwedzera, muitiro anonzi sokurwarirwa. Zviri zvinopesana nemasikirwo mutemo uye chacho zano guru.

Vatsoropodzi nyore nechokwadi kuti vanhu harisati yakura. Vakawanda havana kuramba mukana kuvhiyiwa yakadaro munguva yemberi iri kure, asi kwete iye zvino. Mukuru nharo nokuti chokwadi kukwana kukura zvigadzirwa, uyewo mijenya matambudziko mupfungwa murwere ari chiitiko kubudirira kuedza.