"Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." Lermontov, "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia": nhoroondo yokusika, nhetembo ongororo

Nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." Lermontov akanyora rokupedzisira rokutonga kwake upenyu vakamhanyira kuvhiringidzwa. Panguva iyoyowo kuwedzera mabhuku tarenda. Izvi nyore mitsetse sere hadzisi ndima kupfuura kucherechedzwa pakati vapfumi mabhuku nhaka nyanduri. Uye kunyange mune dzimwe pfungwa runako kana kukwana mabhii nhetembo. Just idzi maviri emakore zvaisanganisira muchikoro zvidzidzo uye nemusoro neimwe chizvarwa chitsva vadzidzi nomusoro.

Chii mudetembi aida kutaura pasi pasi rino? Ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu akazoita kuti kunyora nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..."? How zvahunoreva yakavigwa mukati, panguva Pakutanga, nyore mitsetse?

Zvaiitika

Zvinenge zvisingaiti nzisisa chero basa, kana yabviswa akapoteredza enhoroondo background. Zvikurukuru, mashoko aya anoshandawo nhetembo. Handiti, nezvibereko zvomunda volumetric mhando yokufungidzira kana nyaya kunoita kuti tiswedere ichi chete background, iyo inobata pfungwa dzedu uye pfupi ndima kazhinji ndipiyona yorudzii nokuratidzwa manzwiro anokonzerwa dzakapoteredza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye anofanira kugadziriswa.

Nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." (Lermontov), izvo zvichaita kuti anoongororwa, ndizvo dating 1841 gore. Panguva ino, achitambanudza kwehafu yezana remakore, kuCaucasus hondo yakanga chipatapata. Russia wakatsvaka mupanda munzvimbo gomo uye kusimbisa muganhu, uye rusununguko-rudo makomo zvose zvavanogona kuramba rusununguko rwavo.

Nepo musoja pakushandura kana mupurisa anoita kuCaucasus aiva chikamu rakafanana nerokuti Links kune tikiti rimwe divi. Kunyanya kana pashure munhu vakatevera yakakodzera kuti, iyo inokurudzira kushandiswa pamusoro vakashinga muna Hottest pfungwa pakurwa.

emunyori unhu

Pakazosvika 1841, Mihailu Yurevichu Lermontovu kare akatendeuka makore 26 (kusvikira zuva rokuberekwa kwake, haana kurarama kuti gore). Akatoratidza zvine mukurumbira sezvo nyanduri, asi somunhu munzanga haina kufanana naye. Uye mafungiro ari, zvinobvumwa zvakanaka kwakakodzera. Munyori nokungwaririra vakaedza kuwana mukurumbira buffoon uye hara. Uye majee ake vakanga caustic uye akashinga pane zvakanaka hunhu. Poems Lermontov uye ake pachake unhu ruzha frequenter rokunyika omukati zvichishandiswa unoshamisa Hakupindirani nezvinodiwa nomumwe nomumwe, kuti vaverengi vakawanda vakanzwa zvakaitika, zvinoratidzwa nhetembo, rakasimba mutambo fungidziro. Chete mashoko akanaka pasina pachake pedyo kubereka pavari.

Zvisinei, maererano shamwari dzake shoma, Michael vaipfeka masiki nayo vanhu, asi iye akadururira papepa nziyo anoshushikana callousness mweya nyika yakavanzwa.

Asi chokwadi kuti uyo akanyora "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." aiva Patriot chaiye, hapana vakakonona. Ndinoda kuti Motherland dzakaratidzwa kwete kutobaya mutinhimira, asiwo zvehondo. Pakasvika nguva kuita ruvengo, Mikhail haanyari kukudzwa kwake mhuri yekare vanokudzwa. In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rechiuto basa iri zvachose kwete kufadza Michael. Iye kunyange vaitamburira kuti kusiya, kuti kukwanisa kuita mabhuku basa pasina chinovhiringidza, asi haana kuda mwoyo naambuya vake, aida kuona chete nomuzukuru akabudirira muchiuto.

upenyu ezvinhu

Muna 1837, kuti nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri" Lermontov akanga nemhosva uye akatumira wekutanga kubatana kuCaucasus. Nokuda zvakumbirwa ambuya Elizabeth Alekseevna Arsenyev, uyo akanga kwokubatana mudare, akagara ikoko kwenguva refu - mishomanana. Uye kugara yaiva nyanduri kutoti chefuma dzinofadza nemaonero pane ngozi chaiyo.

Pakutanga 1840, Lermontov apinda duel, yaakanga mhosva pazuva rechipiri link muhondo wongoramba. nguva ino hurongwa yaiiswa kurasa Kesari kudiwa nguva dzose kuita mhosva mudzinza kurwiswa rokutanga.

Maererano zviitiko izvi uye zvakanyorwa kuti nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ...". Lermontov akaratidza mafungiro ayo kuna raivapo panguva iyoyo murayiro. Anovhiringidza ushingi yakatofanana, kunouya kuburikidza usingatauriki inovavisa Yababa wake waaida kuenda nehanya, uye vanhu vose slavishly hunotsigira kugadzikana.

nhetembo iyi, hapana mubvunzo, zvakanyorwa kure cuff, mune imwe zii swoop. Mariri akadurura zvose kutsamwa kwake uye chido kusiya marwadzo evanhu nokusaruramisira. Wakatarisira kuwana kunyaradzwa kure nomusha, mune zvakawanda expanses of eCaucasus.

Chaizvoizvo mashoko ose mundima mbiri idzi dzine rakakomba zvaanoreva. Inofanira kupiwa zvishoma nguva kunzwisisa chii ukoshi zvaishandiswa Lermontov mifananidzo vanhu vaigara pakupera nedutu XIX remakore. Chete iyi, simba uye runako, encased ari pasi pasi rino, ngavauye pamberi penyu iine runako rwayo zvose.

"Good kuonekana"

Shoko "akaonekana navo" kutanga nyaya chaizvo haakonzeri. Munyori achipinda yehondo mapazi, uye kurapa kwakadaro rakakodzera pano. Zvisinei, kunyange izvi, panguva Pakutanga, zviri pachena uye zvazvisingarambiki pfungwa nhema chinhu zvakawanda. Kutaura zvazviri, chete mudetembi anotsvaka kwete kunyika yokumusha kwake mudiwa, uye pamwe iripo evanhu anogamuchirwa naye.

Iri chiratidzo, anenge inoganhurana mwoyo. Vachiita mu chityu nyanduri kutsamwa inorasikira panze pfupi "Sara mushe." Kunyange iye akakunda hurongwa, asi kwete wakaputsika pamweya.

"Asina kushambwa Russia"

Wokutanga uye kwazvo chepamutemo mubvunzo kuti unomuka wose, vanenge zvishoma kujairana mabasa Mikhail Yurevich, ndiyo zvinotevera: sei mudetembi inoshandisa mashoko okuti "asina kushambwa Russia"? Lermontov ane mupfungwa pano hakusi kusachena vamwe vavo vagari mumuviri.

Chekutanga, ndima Lermontov anoratidza kuti kwaari kunyadzisa vanhuwo Russian aingovawo zvisingafungidziriki. Rudo uye kuremekedza zvinoita azara rake rose. Nyanduri noushingi anodana mararamiro kwamachinda, asi upenyu nyore kuvanhuwo zvavo, izvozvo absorbs sezvo organically sezvo nemigwagwa runako Russian hunhu.

Chechipiri, kare, kuti kwemazana emakore muRussia yakaitwa zvikuru kuchengetedza utsanana. In chinonyanya varombo misha dzaiwanika kugeza, akageza uye vanhuwo zvavo ikoko kanenge kamwe pavhiki. Chii hazvigoni akati pamusoro "chiedza" Europe, uko rakanatswa vakadzi kutora nemvura - zvakanaka nyaya - maviri kana katatu pagore. Uye cavaliers dzavo marita vaishandisa mafuta uye cologne kuti auraye kunhuwa asina kushambwa miviri.

Saka, mashoko okuti "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia" Lermontov nhetembo izvo maererano netsika nguva kumwaya pamusoro anokudzwa Salons, kunyange pasina vasunungurwa, aingoda kuti vataure zvavo kushora remitemo. Yaiva anorwadza Handimupinduri, izvo, sezvinei, aigona chete kugumbura ipapo Russian.

"Nyika varanda"

Kunyange cursory Kuongorora nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." hapana chikonzero chokudavira kuti shoko "muranda" munyori zvimwe zvinoratidza serfs. Kwete, pano anotaura kuti pavaishanda basa pakuteerera yokumusoro kirasi. On Chokwadi, kuipa neimwe iri pachiso simba.

"Nyika naanamai"

Shoko "Ishe" pano unobereka yakajeka nezvacho. It kwakafanana pfungwa "dzinodzvinyirira zvamangamanga" - rinopedzisa kuponda wacho chete kungwara. The Kusagutsikana Nyanduri wechidiki anogona kunzwisisa. Mushure duel, yaakanga mhosva, zvakanga chete zvechihwana. Apo Lermontov mupikisi akanga initiator ari duel vachiita zvokupfurwa, kurashikirwa, Michael chete ndokudururira ake chivhorovhoro pena parutivi - akanga asiri kuenda kukuvadza anaisa Ernest of Barentin.

Zvisinei, chirango chaifanira kutambura nayo kuna Michael, pashure Ernest De Barante aiva mwanakomana mumiririri French, uye kugoverana kwake zvisakafanira chiitiko nyore hushed kumusoro. Zvichida ndosaka nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ...", nyaya kwezvisikwa kune chokuita kunyatsoti nemuedzo akanaka, ari akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya kwakadaro kuvava.

"Zvino iwe, zvitema yunifomu ..."

Blue Guards muna Russian Empire vaiva vamiririri gendarmerie, izvo mukurumbira chaizvo pakati vanhuwo kana kana muchiuto haana kunakidzwa. A detembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." uye asina vaswedere somunhu simba kuchengetedza kurongeka, asi sezvo pevatsigiri dzaiwanika tsarist vanodzvinyirirwa.

"Zvino iwe, avo vanhu vakavimbika"

People, vakavimbika mapurisa epachivande? Hongu handina kumbomuwana! Pano Lermontov haana kutaura zvakawanda pamusoro vanhu sezvo vanhu, sei pamusoro nevezvematongerwo enyika yose. Munyori anotenda kuti Russia lagged shure dzakavakidzana masimba makuru muEurope tichitarisa kukura ehurumende midziyo. Uye izvi zvinokwanisika chete nokuti rudzi rwose pasina chichemo anotsigira yaivapo murayiro.

"Zvingava kuti rusvingo akaviga kuCaucasus"

Chido kutiza chinhu zvose zviri Inorwiwa zvingasambonzwisiswa chaizvo. Zvisinei, Lermontov Caucasus yaiva nzvimbo inokosha zvechokwadi. Nokuti nguva yokutanga vaimushanyira paakanga achiri mukomana muduku, uye pfungwa iyi nguva wakajeka, iye akatakura kuburikidza hwake.

Mumwedzi wokutanga bhuku Mikhail rwendo kupfuura vachirwa. Akayemura iwo hunhu uye vainzwa vakasununguka chaizvo kure enyika hadzimbotauri. Uchifunga ezvinhu aya, zviri nyore kunzwisisa nyanduri Chido kuzvivanza kuCaucasus.

"... kubva pashas kwako"

Asi shoko "Pashas" anotarisa zvishoma organically sezvo kureva simba vari Russian Empire. Sei Lermontov anoshandisa zita vatungamiri hweOttoman Empire kutsanangura magondo harashari namapurisa Russian?

Vamwe mashoko panzvimbo shoko "Madzimambo" kana "vatungamiriri". Zvisinei, zvakaoma kubvuma chokwadi chokuti izvi zvaramba pakutanga vaishandisa Lermontov. "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." - vhesi umo munyori anodzivisa mamwe yaivapo kuti umo mambo rwakaita basa rinokosha. Asi mambo, sezvo mutungamiri, panogona kuva chete. Kushandiswa okuremekedza akadai muzvizhinji muchiitiko ichi kuti kungova zvakaipa.

vakararama Lermontov akadaro mutsara wakaramba zvisingarevi zvakawanda rezanulo kunzwa. Fungidzira kuti nhau mushamarari inoti chinhu chakafanana, "Zvino President wedu ...". Zvakafanana okuti "kupukunyuka kubva madzimambo" kuti zvakanaka vaverengi ari XIX remakore.

Chaizvoizvo, munhoroondo yose vokuTurkey vanhu Russian vaiva vavengi zvinovava. Uye kusvikira zvino, kuziva National ichi rinoshanda kuti inogumbura nicknames. Nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." rakanyorwa panguva apo Turkey kuti Russian vanhu zvakasimba chokuita yakaoma autocratic mamiriro. Naizvozvo, vamiririri vepamusoro magondo harashari namapurisa kwaimboitwa pashas, kusimbisa mafungiro kwavari vanhuwo zvavo. Sezviri pachena, izvi ndizvo pfungwa iri bhizimisi mudetembi huru Russian mu nhetembo yake.

"All-achiona" uye "Kunzwa"

Yezvinongoerekana Mikhail Lermontov duel pamwe Ernest of Barant aipfeka Chokwadi, zvachose private. The bopoto pakati nevechiduku vakatora nzvimbo mumba imwe Countess pamusoro Laval, iyo akapa bhora. Pacharwo duel akatora nzvimbo mazuva maviri gare gare zvose sanyorwa mitemo - panzvimbo yatisingaonekwi iri pamberi mumasekonzi kumativi ose.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti hapana zvinoitika migumisiro kurwisana uku vakanga vasina asingasviki matatu mavhiki, Lermontov kwekukumikidzwa kwaJohwani. The mhosva iye ukapiwa nyaya "misprision". Kana yechipiri, kana nemuvengi wake kupindura havana kubatanidzwa.

Chikonzero kutanga kuongorora haana chinhu chesamende nokutuka rimwe yakananga vechikamu nerunyerekupe imwe duel kuti rapararira pakati vaduku mapurisa. Naizvozvo, mudetembi uye atsanangura epithet "zvose-achiona" uye "Kunzwa", kutsanangura basa mapurisa epachivande.

Zvisinei, dzimwe shanduro nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." kupa akasiyana zvachose pakatarisana kuverenga Mitsetse miviri yokupedzisira. In pavo munyori akanyunyuta pamusoro "kwete kuona ziso" uye "nzeve dzokunzwa kwete," achitaura upofu uye kusarura nokururamisira.

Eya, dzidziso iyi ane kodzero iripo. kusiyana Zvisinei, apo vakawanda kudaro? Pakupedzisira, Nhetembo Lermontov - hakusi zvinobikwa makore chiuru akapfuura, vanochera matongo vane kudzorera mafufu. Uye panguva kunyora nhetembo iyi munyori akanga atova aizivikanwa ake zvakasikwa nekubwaira kweziso putswa pakati intelligentsia, nokudaro muhwezva iri makumi kana mazana makopi. kusabvumirana zvakaita vakawanda kutanga chokwadi kunyange kuti ndima iyi nokusingaperi akanyora Lermontov. "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." akatambura unorema kurwisa vatsoropodzi.

Chokwadi pamusoro rakanyorwa

Huru nharo, iyo inotungamira nechokwadi kuti muvambi nhetembo iyi Mikhail Lermontov - inguva chinyorwa basa. Sezvo rufu Nyanduri akakwanisa kuenda kweinenge hafu yezana remakore - makore 46. A kopi tanga hwakawanda huripo manyoro Mikoko pakutanga ndandanda 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Izvi zvinoreva mukaha mumakumi emakore matatu pakati kunyorwa chepakutanga uye kopi.

Hapana gadzira kana gwaro, akaita ruoko Mikhail Yurevich, uyewo haako. Zvisinei, Bartne (wenhoroondo, uyo akazivisa chiedza wamboonekwa nhetembo) pachedu tsamba zvinoreva kuvapo chairo rakanyorwa peni Lermontov vake, asi kunze kwake gwaro nekuti hapana akamboona.

Zvinotonyanya kunzwisisa pakati mabhuku nhetembo "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ..." chimiro pacharo. The kuongorora yemunyori ukama kuti kusunungura nyika yavo anosiya pasina mubvunzo kwete chete mwoyo, uye kunyange, neimwe nzira, ari kuzvidza munyika, iyo yaimbova Lermontov haana richiratidzwa.

Zvisinei, vakawanda precipitating vanoda kwezvakazarurwa zvinoshamisa, zvinokosha kuziva kuti yake "Chisarai!" Yakakurumbira Lermontov vanorasira haisi Motherland, uye Kusakwana midziyo. Uye kuti munhu wose anobvumirana nazvo uye mabhuku Biography Nyanduri.

Another nharo akashandiswa vatsoropodzi - kuenzaniswa kuongorora nhetembo mbiri: "Kumusha" uye "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ...". Vakanga zvichipomerwa rakanyorwa musiyano pakati mishomanana. Zvisinei, mumwe zvakazadza nokuremekedza Yababa, uye wechipiri izere unflattering zvakafanana Motherland epithets.

Zvingadai saka zvinoshamisa kushandura mafungiro Nyanduri? Uye handitika? Notes oga kuvava tinoberekwa kune vakawanda Lermontov anoshanda. Ivo chete kungoti akaratidza zvimwe anotaurisa, tinowana mundima "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia ...". Hakuna kushora kwavo yechizvarigo, izvo vatsoropodzi vari kuedza zvakaoma tsanangurai. Kune marwadzo Nyanduri angada kuona nyika yavo yakabudirira uye mberi, asi inomanikidzwa kuuya mashoko nepfungwa yokuti zvido izvi stifled vane hwechiKomonisiti.

Asi, pakupedzisira, vose anozvisarudzira, mune kutenda. Zvikonzero Enough kuno uye Ukuwo. Uye ani naani aiva muvambi nhetembo iyi iri chokwadi, zviri midzi mabhuku wokuRussia uye zvachose angaziva zvakawanda pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu akapararira pakati pezana XIX remakore.

Uye nokuda Fans pamusoro Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova zvikuru mabasa muvambi izvo, pasina mubvunzo, ndizvo nyanduri. Nenzira, uyo mumazuva ake yainzi akatsiva Pushkin! nhaka yake chaiko, hapana mubvunzo, inogona kuenzaniswa ine kuputsanya zvishongo vari chefuma mabhuku Russian.