Chizvarwa chezvizvarwa zvevana vepakutanga chikoro chesekondari: kuchikoro chekutanga kuchikoro

Izvo zuro, mumwe mukomana anofara akavaka kurichiki mubhokisi rebhokisi uye akazungira motokari pata tambo, uye nhasi padesheni rake atova mabhuku ezvinyorwa uye mabhuku, uye shure kwake akaturika sketi yakakura.

Mwana wechikoro chepachikoro akachinja akava mwana wechidiki wechikoro. Ndezvipi zvizvarwa zvehutano hwevana vezera rekuchikoro chekutanga, kudzidzisa sei mudzidzi nekunonoka kwekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa (CRD), uye chii chinofanirwa kubhadharwa zvakanyanya pakudzidzisa mwana ane utsi hwekunzwa - izvo zvose zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Tichaedza kuzarura hurukuro yacho mumashoko akawanda sezvinobvira kuitira kuti urege kuva nemibvunzo yakasara.

Zvekare zvinhu zvevana vezera rechikoro chepuraimari

Vana vezera rekuchikoro chesekondari vana kubva pamakore matanhatu kusvika kune gumi nemana, izvo zvinonzi chikoro chepuraimari, kubva kunekutanga kusvika kuchina. Vabereki vakawanda vanozvibvunza kuti: "Mwana anofanira kutumirwa kuchikoro chei?" Hapana mhinduro yakajeka yeizvi. Imwe yakagadzirira uye mumakore matanhatu kuti ishandise nyore nyore maminitsi makumi mana mukirasi, kunzwisisa zvose uye uyeuke, uye mumwe uye pamakore gumi nemana haagoni kuzviita uye atova pakati pechidzidzo chekutanga acharasikirwa nezvose. Nokudaro, tisati taita sarudzo pamusoro pekutanga hutsva, munhu mukuru, hupenyu hwechikoro, chiremba-mupfungwa-psychoagogical commission (MKPK) inofanira kupfuudzwa. Munharaunda yega yega yega, mutungamiri uyu unobatanidzwa pakusunungurwa kwemwana kubva muboka rekugadzirira. Asi kana vabereki vane kunyange zvishoma zvisinganzwisisiki pamusoro pezvakanaka zvekupinda chikoro pamakore 6-7, unofanira kubvunzurudza chipatara chepfungwa uye neurologist. Kana nyanzvi idzi dzisiri mu polyclinic iyo mwana akabatanidzwa, ipapo iwe unofanira kuenda kuguta psycho-neurological dispensary.

Age yakakodzera yekutanga yekirasi

Panguva ino, gore rekusimbiswa uye "kusimwa" kwehuropi hwemwana nguva refu. Mazuva ano vana vane simba zvikuru havafanire kuyambuka chikumbaridzo chechikoro makore manomwe asati asvika, uye vamwe, kunyanya kushingaira, zviri nani kusiya muchikoro chechikoro kusvika kusvika 8. Regai mwana anzwe akawirirana mukirasi, uye asingazoperi nekuchema kubva kuchikoro, , Mudzidzisi akatsanangura chii? Kurumidza nekupinda kirasi yokutanga, iwe unogona kuderedza mwana zvachose kubva pakudzidza. Usatora izvi kure nemwana wako, nokuti nyika ye ruzivo inofadza uye inonakidza, zarura musuo mauri nenguva, usakurumidza, gadzirira zvose mwana iwe pachako kuitira kuti irege kubuda, sezvinoitwa iyo rwiyo rwevana: "Baba vanosarudza, uye Vasya vanopa."

Saka, nguva yezvizvarwa zvevana vezera rechikoro chepakutanga zvinoreva kurema kwekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekutanga kwehupenyu hutsva, mwana wechidiki wechikoro anotanga kuvakazve zvose zvaanoziva, mwana anowana humwe hutano huri hunhu hwevakuru, nokuti mudzidzi anowanikwa mubasa idzva kwaari. Ukama hwehukama hunosimbiswa pakati pemwana uye zvose zvinogadziriswa zvinogadzikana uye zvinobudirira.

Ndinoda here kugadzirira chikoro chakawedzerwa?

Nekuwanda kwevana, kushanya ku "chikoro chekuchikoro" kunokurudzirwa kwazvo. Asi maitiro avo akanaka achagoverwa chete nemakirasi aya ayo achaitwa muchikoro apo mwana achadzidza mune ramangwana. Uye mudzidzisi iyeye achava mudzidzisi wake wekirasi. Mudzidzisi anozivana nevana vasati vagara, anogadzirira vadzidzi vamangwana purogiramu yekudzidzisa iyo vachazova nayo iyo yose yechikoro chekutanga, neshoko, inogadzirira vana "ivo pachavo." Vana, ivowo, vanoziva munhu mutsva (avo vadzidzisi vekirasi mudzidzisi), nzvimbo uye mitemo.

Mushure mekuenda kukirasi yekutanga mushure me "chikoro chekuchikoro", mwana wacho anonzwa aine chivimbo. Anonyatsoziva kuti hofisi yake ndeyei, kuti inosvika sei mudzimba, apo wadhirobe neimba yekudyira zviripo. Ichi chivimbo chekuwedzera chakakosha kune wechidiki wechikoro. Kazhinji zvidzidzo zvinowanikwa kaviri pavhiki, manheru. Basa rechikoro haritauri, uye makirasi akadaro akasununguka.

Zvingaitwa nevabereki kuChikoro

Kuti ushandise zviwanikwa zviripo zvekare kumwana, vabereki vanofanira kuita zvose zvavanogona kuti vakurumidza kugadzirisa vana vechikoro uye kutungamirira zvizvarwa zvevana vezera rekuchikoro chekutanga kuchibatsira mudzidzi. Shandisa kuda kwake uye nyota yekudzidza zvose zvitsva zvakanaka.

Vakuru vanofanira kushandura mitambo ye doshkolenka mumugwadzi wevadzidzi: kudzidzisa kufunga, kukudziridza kutsungirira uye kuzvidzora. Regai kuve nemimwe mitambo yebhodhi, vanongokura huse huno huno.

Ihurumende yechidiki mwana wechikoro

Hurumende yakaoma yevadzidzi vepulaimari inongodikanwa. Tora Whatman, pende, zviratidzo uye pamwechete nemwana kuunganidza pepanhau remadziro. Chidana "Zuva Rangu" uye neminiti imwe neimwe inotsanangura zuva rose revadzidzi - kubva pakusimuka kusvika kusunungurwa. Usakanganwa kupinda imomo uye nguva yekutamba nemitambo.

Tsunga iwe pepanhau rako mune imwe nzvimbo yakakurumbira iri pedo nedeski yemwana. Hausi kure nayo kunofanira kuva maawa, maererano nechokuti chikoro chekuchikoro chichaongorora sei nyaya dzake.

Kune zvimwe zvikamu zvevana vezera rekuchikoro chepachikoro avo vasingamboiti nyore nyore uye kungocherechedza hurumende iyi, yakatemerwa mupepanhau remadziro "My Day".

Mwana anogona kuva capricious pamusuo. Ipapo ingoisimudza maminitsi gumi mangwanani. Regai avete pasi mubhedha, tambanudza. Iwe unogona kurara pasi pedyo naye uye kurukura pamusoro pekutanga kwezuva. Mucheche anokwanisa kumanikidzira kuita basa rechikoro: vabereki vanofanira kunyarara asi vachitaura zvakasimba nemwana nezvekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kwehurumende, hapanofanira kutyisidzirwa, kusava nekutya, kusina chiokomuhomwe. Vakuru vanofanira kuva nechivimbo mukati mavo uye vataure nevana vekuchikoro nguva dzose pane zvakanaka.

Kutanga-kukwidziridzwa, kana kuti ndiani ari kutarisira chikoro

Vabereki vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti vari kumba, uye kuchikoro - mudzidzisi.

Zvinhumba zvevana vezera rekuchikoro chekutanga chikamu ndechokuti maonero evanhu vakuru anonyanya kukosha kwavari. Uye kana kuchikoro mudzidzisi anotaura chimwe chinhu, asi vabereki vari kumusha vari kunyatsopesana, izvi zvinokanganisa zvikuru dzidzo yake. Anotanga kusanzwisisa kuti ndiani akarurama uye ndiani angateerera.

Kana vabereki vasingabvumirane nezvinodiwa nemudzidzisi, ipapo hapana mamiriro ezvinhu haagoni kukurukura muhupo hwemwana. Taura nevatariri vekuchikoro, tsvaka kuwirirana nemudzidzisi wekirasi, kana kuti kungovimba nemudzidzisi ane ruzivo ane mazano akawanda akanaka. Usati wasapa mwana kuchikoro, taura nevabereki vevadzidzi vakambodzidza nemudzidzisi uyu.

Zvinotanga kutanga-nguva

Zvekare zvikamu zvevana vezera rechikoro chepuraimari, muchidimbu zvakanyorwa pasi apa, zvinobatsira kubatsira vabereki:

- Mafungiro evakuru anokosha kumwana, naizvozvo zvinodiwa nemudzidzisi nevabereki zvinofanira kufanana.

- Mudzidzi wekutanga wekutanga, sechipanje, anobata zvinhu zvose zvinomupoteredza, saka chenjerera mumashoko ako. Wakafamba paIQ yevatengesi kubva kuchitoro ichocho? Mangwana iye achataura zvakafanana newaanodzidza naye.

- Mwana akatanga hutsva, hukuru, hupenyu hwechikoro, umo zvinhu zvose zvinoshanduka nemheni inomhanyisa, saka taura nguva dzose nemwana wechikoro, nokuti kana chero dambudziko richitanga kuonekwa, zviri nyore kugadzirisa pakutanga.

- Bvumira mwana kuti asarudze mabasa epamberi akazvimiririra, usapinda chikoro cheunyanzvi chemutambo webhola, izvi hazvizove nemigumisiro yakanaka.

- Ratidza pane muenzaniso wega kuti udzidze zvikuru, uverenge mabhuku pamwe chete, tarisa masayenzi uye mapurogiramu ezedzidzo, shanyira museums uye zviratidzo.

Ngationgororei zvinhu zvevana vechidiki vechikoro. Tafura ichabatsira kuratidzira kuratidza zuva rechecheche wechikoro.

Basa	Usiku hope	Kurara masikati	Zvidzidzo kuchikoro	Kuitwa d / s	Anofamba
Nguva	9 maawa	1 awa	4 maawa	30 maminitsi	1 awa

Zviratidzo zvevana vane DZP

Kuziva kwevana vechikoro chepachikoro chepakutanga nePEP ndeyekuti basa rakadai sekuyeuka, kunzwisisa, kufunga, kutaura, kufungidzira, kutarisa, nezvimwewo, zvinopesana kana zvakaputsika zvachose. Mwana haakwanisi kuisa pfungwa pahurukuro iri pasi pekudzidza, kana kudzidza hakusi kungofadza kwaari, kunyange zvazvo asina hanya nayo bedzi nokuti haaitori, uye haaoni pfungwa yekunyora zvinyorwa zvakasiyana, nokuti zvisinei kuti anoedza kuinyora sei, ivo vose Zvimwe hazvifananidzi zvakafanana nemuenzaniso.

Ngationei kuti vanhu vakuru vanogona kuitei kune mwana wechikoro ane kutadza mupfungwa. Zvikamu zvevana vepachikoro chepakutanga, zvakapfupiswa pasi apa, zvichabatsira vabereki kutora kutarisa kwomwana:

- Zvakaoma kuti mwana wechikoro afungisise pane zviri kutaurwa kwaari, saka, achitsanangura chimwe chinhu, amai vanogona kuita mitsvuku yakajeka yemiromo uye kutaura mutauro wekutaura. Kana mwana achangotengesa, taura: tarisa pamuromo wangu. Sezvo zvichange zvakakosha zvikuru pachiso, zviri nyore kuti mudzidzi aone uye anzwe zvakare.

- Pane imwecheteyo, misumpi inopenya inoshanda apo chimwe chinhu chinoda kuratidzwa. Kubata munwe panzvimbo yezvinyorwa zvakaratidzwa peji, munhu mukuru achakurumidza kutarisa (pano iwe unogonawo kusanganisira pointer yakajeka).

- Unofanira kutaura zvinonzwika, zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakajeka.

- Ita kuti munhu ave nehanya naye: taura nemashoko, wozonyora papepa, wozoita mamiriro ezvinhu, uye zvakare tsanangudzo zvakare zvakare. Dzimwe nguva iwe unofanirwa kutora 3-4 tsanangudzo yakadaro.

- Kana mwana akazunungusa rutsoka rwake panguva yekutsanangurwa (kubata peniki, kubvarura mapepa muzvipfeko, nezvimwewo), usamira, ndicho chinomubatsira kuisa pfungwa pane izvo zviri kutsanangurirwa kwaari, saka izvi ndizvo zvazvakanakira.

Vana vane CPD havana kuora mwoyo, musculoskeletal system, kunzwa. Kazhinji hapana kutyora kukuru kwekutaura uye kungwara. Izvo zviitiko zvevana vezera rechikoro chepuraimari neVIDP zvinopedzerwa mukuderedzwa kushanda simba uye kusakosha kwekukurudzira, iyo inofanira kushandiswa nemunhu mukuru.

Zviratidzo zvevana vane utsi hwekunzwa

Kusvibiswa kwemabasa ekuteerera kunosanganisira kukanganisa kwedzipiri, mumutauro wokutanga wekutaura kutaura kunonoka, iyo inobatsirawo kuderedza kuwanda kwemashoko akawanikwa. Uyezve, pane kuchinja mukubatana uye matambudziko mukutungamira munzvimbo. Zviratidzo zvevana vezera rechikoro chepakutanga nekunzwa kusakanganiswa kunoratidzirwa muhutano hwemwana. Kukanganisika kwekunzwa kwepfungwa kunoshandura mafashoni ekudzivirira, saka pakudzidziswa kwevana vakadai, dzidzo yepanyama uye mamwe magetsi anokosha zvikuru .

Zvekare zvikamu zvevana vechikoro chepuraimari makore 7-9 nekunzwa kusaputsika ndezvekukurumidza uye kusina kukwana kwechinangwa chekuita. Vana ava kazhinji havagoni kubata nemabasa aunoda kushandisa chero chimwe chekuita, vanoaita zvakananga, pasina rubatsiro rwechirongwa ichi. Batsira mwana kunzwisisa chinangwa, kuratidza nemuenzaniso.

Kunyanya kunzwa vana vanopiwa mabasa anoda kuongorora nekuita. Vanowana zvakaoma kuziva mavari avo uye zvakaoma zvikuru kuti vazvitsanangure. Nokudaro, zvinetso zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo, kuzvidzora uye utsinye zvinotevera.

Sezvo wakadzidzisa mwana anonzwa asina kugadzikama mupfungwa, iwe unogona kumubatsira muhukama hwehukama uye kuchinjwa munharaunda.

Podrasy. Primary school pedagogy

Vose vevadzidzisi vekusekondari uye nevabereki vekutanga, mabasa aIvan Pavlovich Podlasov, maanotaura nezvekurerwa, kudzidziswa uye kudzidzisa kwevana, vachava nehanya.

Zera maitiro evana vezera rechikoro chepurazi Podlasyy anoona mune zvekugarana uye kugadziriswa kwevana kune itsva, munhu mukuru, hupenyu hwechikoro. Nokuda kweizvi, vadzidzisi nevabereki vanoda kutaura, chido chavo chekupfuurira pane zvavanoziva kuvana, kuumba unhu hunokosha, vanogona kuzviziva uye kuzvivandudza.

Kubudirira kwomwana kunoenderana nechomukati (zvinhu zvemuviri) uye kune kunze (mamiriro evanhu). Nokugadzira chinzvimbo chakanaka chekunze, iwe unogona kukunda kukanganisa mukati. Izvi zvinokoshawo kuti tifunge nezvese zviitiko zvevana vezera rechikoro chekutanga.

Tafura inopfupikisa dzidziso yekufamba kwechikoro chepuraslav yePodlasov:

Pedagogy	Sayenzi yezvidzidzo, kurera uye dzidzo
Nheyo yekutenderera	Kuvandudza nekugadzirisa kwehupenyu hwemudzidzi
Mabasa ekudzoka	Kugadzirirwa mabasa uye zvinangwa zvedzidzo
Basa rekufamba	Synthesis uye systematization ye ruzivo pamusoro pezvidzidzo uye kudzidziswa
Basic concepts	Dzidzo - kuendeswa kwechiitiko kune vechidiki, kuumbwa kwetsika dzakanaka Kudzidzira - nzira yekukurukurirana pakati pevadzidzi nevadzidzisi, inotungamirirwa nekuvandudzirwa kwevana vechikoro Dzidzo - nzira yekufunga, ruzivo uye unyanzvi, izvo mwana wechikoro akazviziva mukudzidza Kubudirira - kushandura hutsika uye huwandu hutano hwemudzidzi Maitiro - nzira yekushanduka kwemwana ari pasi pekutarisa komudzidzisi
Mazamu e pedagogy	Humanistic uye vane masimba
Nzira dzokutsvakurudza	Empirical and theoretical

Chinofanira kuonekwa chinhu chikuru - ida vana vako, varumbidze ivo kukunda kwose, kubatsira kukunda matambudziko, uye ipapo mwana akanaka anozochinja kuva munhu akadzidza, akadzidziswa uye anofara.