Chromium oxide

Several makemikari rinoumbwa vaviri nyore zvinhu - Kr uye O, - ndezvaJehovha boka inorganic yeimwe - oxides. zita ravo zvakafanana - chromium oxide, akatorwa mberi muzvikomberedzo sezviverengo Roman anoratidza Valence yacho simbi. Mamwe mazita avo mushonga Masvomhu:

• chromium (II) oxide - chromium oxide, CrO;
• chromium (III) oxide - chromic mutema, chromium sesquioxide, Cr2O3;
• chromium (IV) oxide - chromium oxide, CrO2;
• chromium (VI) oxide - chromic anhydride, chromium trioxide, CrO3.

A remubatanidzwa umo simbi shestivalenten uye wakakwirira oxide pamusoro chromium. Ichi yakasimba, odorless, ane chimiro rima-tsvuku crystals (mudenga, vakawaridza nokuda simba hygroscopic). Matadza uremu - 99,99 g / nhuta. Density pa 20 ° C akaenzana 2,70 g / cm³. Utsotso pfungwa - 197 ° C, kubika - 251 ° C. At 0 ° C mumvura ichiputswa 61,7 g / 100 pa 25 ° C - 63 g / 100 ml pa 100 ° C - 67,45 g / 100 ml. The oxide iri zvazvichanyungudutswa sulfuric asidhi (chromic musanganiswa ichi, yaishandiswa murabhoritari makemikari kugeza ndiro) uye nitric acid, panyaya iyi, ethyl Eteri, acetic acid, acetone. At 450 ° C uchiora kuna Cr2O3.

Chromium (VI) oxide rinoshandiswa nedanho electrolysis (nokuti akachena chromium) nokuti chromating zingi zvigadzirwa, electrolytic yakanamirwa pamifananidzo, sezvo yakasimba oxidizing mumiririri (nokuti kugadzirwa indigo, isatin). Higher chromium oxide rinoshandiswa kuti Detective doro patinofemera kunze mhepo. The Zvakaitwa anopfuuura maererano zano: 4CrO3 + 6H2SO4 + 3C2H5OH → 2Cr2 (SO4) 3 + 3CH3COOH + 9H2O. Kuvapo doro kunoratidza mhinduro ruvara kuchinja (kwaanoda rwegirini).

Chromium (VI) oxide, uyewo zvose hexavalent Kr, ane simba muchetura (ngozi dose - 0.1 g). Nokuda kwayo yakakwirira basa CrO3 anoita kuvesa (pamwe kuputika) Organic zvinhu , vaaisangana navo. Pasinei yakaderera volatility, dzakanga dziri chromium oxide ndiyo ngozi kana inhaled, sezvo iri kenza yemapapu. Pamusoro kuonana ganda (kunyange kana yabviswa nokukurumidza) kunokonzera nokushatiriswa dermatitis, eczema, chinokurwadzai kukura kenza.

Tetravalent chromium oxide pamwe CrO2 nechitarisiko yakasimba muchimiro vatema tetrahedral ferromagnetic crystals. Chromium oxide ane matadza guru 4 83.9949 g / mol, arambe achirema 4,89 g / cm³. The fuma Unodzora panguva decomposing, pane imwe tembiricha kuti 375 ° C. The mvura hazvirevi nyunguduka. It yakashandiswa rinobva kurekodha zvenhau sezvo kushanda fuma. With zvinobatsira CD-ROM uye DVD-ROM nemotokari kushandisa chromium (IV) oxide kunoderedza. Wakatanga synthesized muna 1956 neboka kemisiti kubva EI Dupont kambani Norman L. Cox kubudikidza manyowa kuti chromium trioxide pamberi mvura panguva tembiricha kuti 640 ° C uye kumanikidzwa 200 MPa. Maererano Dupont rezinesi wakabudiswa Sony kuJapan uye BASF muGermany.

3 chromium oxide Cr2O3 wakanaka-grained zvinhu chakasimba kubva chiedza nerima girini. Matadza gobvu vakaenzana 151,99 g / mol. Density - 5.22 g / cm³. Utsotso pfungwa - 2435 ° C, achibika - 4000 ° C. The refractive indekisi akachena fuma - 2.551. oxide ichi hachisi soluble mumvura, doro, acetone, acid. Sezvazvakanyorwa anosvika arambe achirema pamusoro corundum arambe achirema, izvozvo chinotarisirwa mu Formulations makorari vamiririri (semuenzaniso, namatidza GOI). Uyu ndiwo mumwe inokosha oxides ose chromium, iro rinoshandiswa senzira ruvara. Kokutanga pamusoro muchivande Michina payo agamuchirwa 1838 ari muchimiro segirazi hydrated chimiro. Zvakasikwa, anowanikwa muchimiro Chrome simbi esimbi FeO • Cr2O3.

Divalent chromium oxide - zvikukutu vatema kana yakatsvuka ane utsotso zvokusvika 1550 ° C. Unodzora pamwe manyowa. Matadza uremu - 67,996 g / mol. Chromium oxide (II) dzvuku ruvara haisi pyrophoric, uye zvakafanana fuma iri dema pyrophoric. Upfu unopisa nomuzvarirwo mumhepo, saka unogona kuchengetwa chete pasi paiva mvura, sezvo haina kushamwaridzana nayo. Black oxide kuti chromium kwakaoma chaizvo kuwana wakachena chimiro.

Nokuti chromium oxide hwakaderera Valence nezvekumwe zvinokosha zvivako, uye nokuda oxide pamwe rokumusoro Valence - acid.