Coin matare Russian

Mints - ndivo makambani mukugadzira mhando, ane basa chikuru iri dzava kugadzira Mari, kugadzirwa varayirwa, Medals nevamwe nevamwe zviratidzo. History of zvebhizimisi unopinda kure kare, mumazuva Pazvinotanga usapinde gadziriro. Nhasi mints vane yepamusorosoro mhando makambani kuti pave mari akumbirwa State Bank. Vagadziri All vari kushanda zvikuru Classified kutoshanda.

Mhando mints uye zvishoma nhoroondo

Mints zvinogona voruzhinji, dzinoita mirairo Central Bank. Kune masangano akafanana private kushandisa pagadzirwe Medals, Badges uye rezinesi kwamahwendefa. Nokuti mumwe mhando zvebhizimisi unhu kuvapo kwavo rakasiyana chitambi kuiswa vose mari. Kuva mari mamiriro uye miganhu mhando akatsunga kushandisa chiratidzo. The kutaurwa muchikwata ichi okuwana chokutanga ainyorwa 5th remakore BC. The mints vokutanga vaiva muAtene. Kubva 2nd remakore BC kugadzirwa rikashamiswa kubva mutemberi Theseus mutemberi Juno. Nechekare pashure pemakore 115 kubvira kuberekwa kwaKristu chivanze ndakanga weRoma muNhandare. Pashure chimiro zvinomera muRoma, Lyon, Constantinople, vakawarira muna Sisiri uye Aquileia pasi pose.

The mamita yokutanga muRussia: munhoroondo zvekungofungira

Quite matambudziko kufungidzira zvakanga kare imwe chemindi. Photos apo kumboita, yokunyora nokudhirowa zvakachengetedzwa. Pane chete guesswork. Pane uchapupu hunoratidza kuti mabhizimisi zvakave mumaoko private vanhu, basa iri ramangwana kushandisa kuomesa achitarisirwa. Vanhu vaiita coinage, vakanga vasingachafaniri pamitero. Vaiva neropafadzo nekuda kurambidzwa mukutonga kune zviito zvose kunze umhondi, kupamba uye kubiridzira. Zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti tanga mints pamusoro munharaunda Russia ano kare aishanda mumaguta nguva apo Theodosius uye Gorgippia, nhasi kuzivikanwa Anapa Greek. Zvisaririra nepfuma dzakadaro dzave kuonekwa Derbent uye Tmutarakani.

The pachivanze wokutanga muMoscow: dzidziso uye fungidziro

Takarongwa coinage muMoscow, maererano rokutanga nokufungidzira, uye tsvakurudzo vakatanga yaitonga Ivana Donskogo (1362-1389 gg.). No ruzivo pamusoro dare iri kwayo nzvimbo hakuwaniki munhoroondo manotsi, chokwadi kuti kuvapo kwake rakavambwa vachingoshandisa kwakavakirwa kuongorora mari nguva. Moscow mari vokutanga yakashongedzwa Russian uye Arabic zvakanyorwa pamusoro pavo vakanga akanyorwa dzakawanda yemazuva ano aita chidhindo kubatana.

Anotaura nhoroondo

Coin Matare Russian, kuvapo iyo pamutemo wakanyorwa, yakavambwa muna 14-15 emakore. Panguva iyoyo, nyika akatungamirira John III. Coinage akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kwete chete muMoscow asiwo mumaguta akadai muPskov, Novgorod uye Tver. Between 16 kusvika 17 zera coinage akapiwa münzmeister. Tsika iyi yakanga kwakapararira muEurope. Panewo inoshuma kuti muzana remakore rechi15 muMoscow raishanda mabhizimisi kwete chete ehurumende anazvo, asiwo dzibvise mumawekishopu machinda nomumwe mhando Kalita. Hwokutanga hwakanyorwa "The Emperor" muchivanze akauya mushure rokutanga mari kuchinja Elena Glinsky munguva kubva 1535 ne 1538. Kambani yaiva Varvarka mumugwagwa. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kutanga kubatanidzwa Russian usapinde hurongwa. Mints Russia kwemazana emakore akawanda akapfuura yakabereka yunifomu yairema uye pakuonekwa mari, izvo vaifanira kugamuchira nharaunda yose Russian wehurumende. Nekusimbisa, nebefu akanga akatakurwa kunze manually, uye vakashumira sezvo mashoko kugadzirwa zvesirivha waya. The waya iri pakutanga racherwa yakaenzana kadikidiki zvidimbu, uye ipapo ndikaasvinira. Zvadaro anotanga bhuku ejection mifananidzo uye zvakanyorwa pamusoro kumeso workpieces.

Centralization Mari Kutarisira

Muna 1595, kuti sangano rakaumbwa pasi zita Mari mirairo. The sangano anoita kudzora coinage nokuda kwehurumende. danho iri raiva nheyo yose mari upfumi centralization. mints All, uyo panguva iyoyo aishanda munyika, yakagamuchira rokuti, izvo vaifanira kutara zvigadzirwa zvavo.

• Moscow Court - "M" kana "MO".
• Novgorod kwemba - "B. ASI ".
• MuPskov Chivanze - "SS."

emakambani ane Russia 15-20 emakore Coin michina

Mhinduro kumubvunzo sei kuti havatsananguri Mint, aiva nyore kupa pashure mumwe zvebhizimisi akamuka yayo korona nyora. Taura anogona kuitwa zvinotevera kudhindwa, izvo zvakaita kuti dzava kugadzira Mari:

• Red pachivanze, kana Chinese. Riri pedyo Kitai-Gorod rusvingo. The obverse uye kuzvishandura kuti mari akava chiratidzo "CD", "SSC", "MM". Production basa iri nguva kubva 1697 kusvika 1979. Yard yakabereka goridhe, sirivha uye mhangura mari ane zvakasiyana National mhando Rating. Takadaro uye anokosha mari. Mint mari-kusunungurwa kuti kuBaltic mapurovhinzi uye Prussia.
• Kadashevsky Chivanze muna Kadashevskaya Sloboda. It Anonziwo Hamovnym, Zamoskvoretsky, Navy uye Admiralty. The obverse uye neizvi zviri "MM" zviratidzo kufanorongwa uye "MD", "MDZ" uye "DMD", "M" uye "Moscow", "Mint Mint." Production basa iri nguva kubva 1701 kusvika 1736. Wakaitwa nyaya ndarama, mhangura uye masirivha zvemasangano akasiyana. Copper mari yakapiwa munyika kushandiswa kugadzira wedhipatimendi kubva 1704.
• Quay chivanze mhangura muna Kremlin. Mari vakanga yakagadzirwa zviratidzo zvakadai se "ND" uye "NDZ", "NDM". Akashanda kubvira 1699 kusvika 1727, yakabudiswa mari masangano ose.
• St. Petersburg, kana Imperial, Mint yakavambwa pamusoro munharaunda wakakombwa muna 1724. Nyora mari - a "St. Petersburg" uye "JMP", "SP" uye "CM". Ndaishanda kusvikira nguva dzakadai kusunungurwa mari nehurumende tsarist kwakaregwa. Akatora Zvinoshingaira mune mari dzendarira yakagadzirwa.
• Ekaterinburg chivanze akabudisa mari ne "EM" notation uye "Yekaterinburg". Iye aishanda nguva kubva 1727 kusvika 1876. Nyaya Mari vaisanganisa kugadzira madenderedzwa ari mumwe mints.

Zvakakodzera kutaura nemakambani akadai Imperial Mint uye Anninsky ( "AM"), Kolyvan ( "KM" uye "Kolyvan mhangura") uye Suzunsky ( "CM") Sestrovetsky ( "CM") uye Kolpinsky ( "KM"), Tauride ( "TM") uye Tiflissky, Warsaw ( "VM», «MW») uye Helsingfors.

Production kuti usashandisa Badges dzavo

Mint chiratidzo unokubvumira kuona yakananga dhinominesheni mari wakabudiswa apo uye kupi. Zvisinei, munhau Matare eRussia zvaigara, vasina kushandisa pachavo insignia kwavo uye ndokutsika pamusoro dzibvise vezvikwata zviri kunongedza vamwe maindasitiri. Izvi mubhengi pachivanze uye chirimwa Rosenkranz, dare Paris uye muStrasbourg, Birmingham uye Izhora, asi kweBrussels dare uye Avestsky. Uyezve, vamwe mints, akadai Red kana St. Petersburg, vaigona kushandisa kwavo basa insignia Kadashevsky uye promenade Copper Court, mamwe masangano yakafanana, izvo yekudyidzana kuoma basa kare.

Coinage muna RSFSR uye USSR

Muna RSFSR kusarudza chemindi yakabereka mari yakabatsira notation:

• "AG" - the initials pakati Hartmann, uyo panguva iyoyo musoro mari redistribution kusvikira 1923.
• "PL" - the initials Latysheva, mukuru kubva 1924.
• "TR" - the initials Thomas Ross, mukuru mari redistribution of London dare.

Mint chiratidzo munguva Soviet Union yakanga mhando mbiri:

• "LMD" kana "L" - Leningrad Mint.
• "MMD" kana "M" - Moscow Mint.

chiratidzo ichi akaita uye anoita kuti chiratidzo kuva imwe mari kugadzirwa imwe mhando. Symbol angava chimiro tsamba, kana anogona kupiwa sechipiriso monogram youduku muenzaniso kana chiratidzo.

Russia ano

MuRussia ano, mari inogona kuwanikwa zvinotevera notation: "MMD" uye "SPMD" - vanotaura vasunungurwa kana muMoscow kana muSt Petersburg Mint. Kubvira 1991, musi mari warinozokwidzwa kuisa zviratidzo zvakafanana "M", "L", "SSC" uye "LMD". Sezvo nguva 1997 - iri "M", "C-P" uye "SSC", "SPMD". Okupedzisira maviri mabhii ari mari iiswe muchimiro monogram. Mari Russia, kubva 1997 yakashongedzwa okuti "M", "C-P", "SSC" uye "SPMD" monogram mu format. On zviduku mari ne chechi 1, 5, 10 uye 50 masendi chiratidzo chinoonekwa kurudyi pasi akaparadzana. Zviratidzo "M" uye "P-P" pamusoro mari pamwe nemasangano 1, 2 uye 5 rubles iri pasi kurudyi paw gondo. Monogram "SPMD" chinogona kuoneka kuyeukwa Banknotes mumasangano 10 rubles Russian. Riri pamusoro obverse, chete pasi "10 rubles" rakanyorwa.

Sei nyaya mari muna 2015

Central Bank of Russia, kubva 1992, gore roga roga zvinoita okudenha kuyeukwa mari sevanokosha uye vasiri anokosha format. Uyezve, zvakanyatsorongwa akaita nyaya mari mari, izvo zvakazara yakagadzirwa kubva anokosha simbi. Muchiitiko chino, sepakutanga, pamusoro mumwe nomumwe wavo kubereka chemindi. Dzava kugadzira muitiro rinoitwa mu kuumbwa huru achine uye vakaronga mabasa panguva yapfuura gore. Coin urongwa aifarirwa utungamiriri Central Bank uye kuiswa pamutemo nzvimbo yokupedzisira. Mumwe nemuteresi mari wakabudiswa kana Moscow kana muSt Petersburg Mint. Izvi nyore kutsvaka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti sei kuti havatsananguri Mint. Mari dziri yakashongedzwa chaiyo vatambi, iyo zvino chete 4. Central Bank munyika haina kodzero kuparadzira collectible mari pakati vanhu. The chikuru Distributor ndiye Sberbank. Mari Pakutanga vakatenga ne sefungu nevaya vanofungidzira uyo gare gare kuvatengesera pagungano inflated mutengo wokutanga.

Hurumende anoronga ya2015

Maererano nepurani choutsi muna 2015 ichaitwa kudzingirira marudzi maviri inivhesitimendi mari. The anokosha kuyeukwa mari 73 uye 12 kuyeukwa nemari hwaro simbi kuti kubudiswa rose gore. Mune ramangwana, vanofanira kuramba kugadzirwa akatevedzana, akatanga kwokutanga: "Guta Military Mbiri" uye "Yemisi Vanhu Russia". Mari kupfuura zvinodhura munhoroondo yacho yakatanga kusvika 1999 uye ane aizviti ukoshi 5 masendi. Chaiwo ukoshi hazvizivikanwi, asi nokure uwandu 100 zviuru rubles pachena Auktionen. Mhando idzi Mari kunyanya nokukosheswa numismatists.